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Díaz-Pons A, Soler-Andrés M, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Murillo-García N, Yorca-Ruiz A, Magdaleno Herrero R, Castaño-Castaño S, González-Rodríguez A, Setién-Suero E, Ayesa-Arriola R. Exploring parenthood in first episode of psychosis: the potential role of the offspring in the outcome of women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:693-703. [PMID: 38512467 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to explore the role of parenthood at first episode of psychosis (FEP) on recovery, with a focus on potential sex differences. METHODS Sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive information was considered on 610 FEP patients form the PAFIP cohort (Spain). Baseline and three-year follow-up comparisons were carried out. Chi-square tests and ANCOVA analysis were performed controlling for the effect of age and years of education. RESULTS Men comprised 57.54% of the sample, with only 5.41% having offspring when compared to 36.29% of women. Parenthood was related to shorter duration of untreated illness (DUI) in women with children (12.08 months mothers vs. 27.61 months no mothers), showing mothers better premorbid adjustment as well. Childless men presented the worst premorbid adjustment and the highest cannabis and tobacco consumption rates. Mothers presented better global cognitive function, particularly in attention, motor dexterity and executive function at three-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Diminished parental rates among FEP men could be suggested as a consequence of a younger age of illness onset. Sex roles in caregiving may explain the potential role of parenthood on premorbid phase, with a better and heathier profile, and a more favorable long-term outcome in women. These characteristics may be relevant when adjusting treatment specific needs in men and women with and without offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Díaz-Pons
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28015, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic (UNEAT), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Marina Soler-Andrés
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic (UNEAT), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo (UO), 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Nancy Murillo-García
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Angel Yorca-Ruiz
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic (UNEAT), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic (UNEAT), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Sergio Castaño-Castaño
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo (UO), 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Fundació Docència I Recerca Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona (UB), 08221, Terrassa, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28015, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic (UNEAT), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Mental Illness Research Department, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain.
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28015, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Yuan M, Long X, Zhang Z, Rong M, Lian S, Peng Y, Fang Y. Longitudinal trajectory effects of different MCI subtypes on general cognitive and daily functions in a population-based cohort of older adults. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:296-305. [PMID: 38335640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phenotypes based on substantial relative impairment in specific cognitive domains and then characterize the complex process of general cognitive and daily functions over time in older adults with these MCI subtypes. METHODS A total of 1020 participants with MCI at baseline from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were recruited. MCI subtypes were obtained based on neuropsychological tests in five cognitive domains: memory (M), visuospatial function (V), language (L), processing speed (P), and executive function (E). General cognitive function and daily function were measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), respectively. Linear mixed models were fitted to curve their trajectories across different MCI subtypes. RESULTS Considering visuospatial function, subtypes were MO (memory impaired only), M&V (memory and visuospatial function impaired) and M&nV (memory impaired and visuospatial function non-impaired). Similar subtypes and naming rules were obtained based on language, executive function, and processing speed. Further, depending on the number of relative impaired cognitive domains M&S and M&M were obtained. Participants with MO had the highest prevalence in the sample (53.4 %), followed by M&nV (31.1 %). Participants with M&V had the highest mean age (74.69 years) at baseline and the greatest dementia conversion rate (53.2 %). The MMSE and FAQ score trajectories changed most slowly in participants with MO while fastest in those with M&V. Obvious different trajectories of both MMSE and FAQ scores were observed across different subtypes based on visuospatial function and executive function. CONCLUSION Compared to MO, individuals with multi-dimensional cognitive impairment have worse general cognitive and daily functions, especially for those with M&V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianxian Long
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Rong
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuli Lian
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Peng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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3
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Mu E, Gurvich C, Kulkarni J. Estrogen and psychosis - a review and future directions. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-023-01409-x. [PMID: 38221595 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The link between sex hormones and schizophrenia has been suspected for over a century; however, scientific evidence supporting the pharmacotherapeutic effects of exogenous estrogen has only started to emerge during the past three decades. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological and basic research suggests that estrogen has a protective effect in women vulnerable to schizophrenia. Such evidence has led multiple researchers to investigate the role of estrogen in schizophrenia and its use in treatment. This narrative review provides an overview of the effects of estrogen as well as summarizes the recent work regarding estrogen as a treatment for schizophrenia, particularly the use of new-generation selective estrogen receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Mu
- HER Centre Australia, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Caroline Gurvich
- HER Centre Australia, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- HER Centre Australia, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Fusar-Poli L, Prachason T, Erzin G, Pries LK, Brondino N, Politi P, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Escarti MJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, van Os J, Rutten BP, Guloksuz S. Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and cognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115184. [PMID: 37015164 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) frequently present cognitive impairments. Here, we investigated whether the exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ) - a cumulative environmental exposure score - was associated with impairments of neurocognition, social cognition, and perception in patients with SSD, their unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1200 patients, 1371 siblings, and 1564 healthy controls. Neurocognition, social cognition, and perception were assesed using a short version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR), and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFR), respectively. Regression models were used to analyze the association between ES-SCZ and cognitive domains in each group. RESULTS There were no statistically significant associations between ES-SCZ and cognitive domains in SSD. ES-SCZ was negatively associated with T-score of cognition in siblings (B=-0.40, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.03) and healthy controls (B=-0.63, 95% CI -1.06 to -0.21). Additionally, ES-SCZ was positively associated with DFAR-total in siblings (B=0.83, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.40). Sensitivity analyses excluding cannabis use history from ES-SCZ largely confirmed the main findings. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal cohorts may elucidate how environmental exposures influence the onset and course of cognitive impairments in trans-syndromic psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thanavadee Prachason
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gamze Erzin
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Science University, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natascia Brondino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Maastricht/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Bochao D Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Richards
- Cardiff University Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Berna Akdede
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Binbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vesile Altınyazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalınçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güvem Gümüş-Akay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Cihan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Soygür
- Turkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halis Ulaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Marina M Mihaljevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Andric-Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Paz García-Portilla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Escarti
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadja P Maric
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celso Arango
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Cardiff University Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bart Pf Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Freeman HB, Lee J. Sex Differences in Cognition in Schizophrenia: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:463-474. [PMID: 36271194 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. This selective review examines whether schizophrenia patients show preserved sexual dimorphism in cognition. Existing studies using performance tasks largely show comparable sex effects between schizophrenia patients and healthy populations. This pattern appears to be similar across multiple cognitive domains and across phase of illness. Our selective review also identifies several unresolved questions about sex differences in cognition in schizophrenia. A better understanding of sex differences in cognition in schizophrenia may provide important clues to probing the relationship between cognitive impairment and pathophysiological processes of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Bin Freeman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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6
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Fusar-Poli L, Pries LK, van Os J, Erzin G, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Aguglia E, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, Guloksuz S. Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110440. [PMID: 34536513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition impairments, such as facial emotion recognition (FER), have been acknowledged since the earliest description of schizophrenia. Here, we tested FER as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis using two approaches that are indicators of genetic risk for schizophrenia: the proxy-genetic risk approach (family design) and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ). METHODS The sample comprised 2039 individuals with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC). The Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) was applied to measure the FER accuracy. Schizotypal traits in siblings and HC were assessed using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R). The PRS-SCZ was trained using the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium results. Regression models were applied to test the association of DFAR with psychosis risk, SIS-R, and PRS-SCZ. RESULTS The DFAR-total scores were lower in individuals with schizophrenia than in siblings (RR = 0.97 [95% CI 0.97, 0.97]), who scored lower than HC (RR = 0.99 [95% CI 0.99-1.00]). The DFAR-total scores were negatively associated with SIS-R total scores in siblings (B = -2.04 [95% CI -3.72, -0.36]) and HC (B = -2.93 [95% CI -5.50, -0.36]). Different patterns of association were observed for individual emotions. No significant associations were found between DFAR scores and PRS-SCZ. CONCLUSIONS Our findings based on a proxy genetic risk approach suggest that FER deficits may represent an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. However, a significant association between FER and PRS-SCZ was not found. In the future, genetic mechanisms underlying FER phenotypes should be investigated trans-diagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gamze Erzin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Juryen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Bochao D Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Berna Akdede
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Binbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vesile Altınyazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalınçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güvem Gümüş-Akay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Cihan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Soygür
- Turkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halis Ulaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Marina M Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Psychiatry Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Andric-Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Psychiatry Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Paz García-Portilla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Aguilar
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadja P Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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7
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Chan KN, Chang WC, Ng CM, Lee HC, Chan SI, Chiu SY, Wong CF, Wo SF, Lee HM, Chan KW, Wong MC, Chan KL, Yeung WS, Chan CWH, Choy LW, Chong SY, Siu MW, Lo TL, Yan WC, Ng MK, Poon LT, Pang PF, Lam WC, Wong YC, Chung WS, Mo YM, Lui SY, Hui LM, Chen EYH. Sex differences in symptom severity, cognition and psychosocial functioning among individuals with at-risk mental state for psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:61-68. [PMID: 33590717 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sex differences are well documented in schizophrenia, but have been much less studied in at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. We aimed to examine sex differences in symptomatology, cognition, social and role functioning in individuals with ARMS, with specific focus on clarifying relationships between sex, negative symptoms and functioning. METHODS One hundred and seventy-seven Chinese participants aged 15-40 years with ARMS were recruited from a specialized early intervention service in Hong Kong. ARMS status was verified by Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State. Assessments encompassing symptom profiles, a brief battery of cognitive tests and social and role functioning were conducted. Brief Negative Symptom Scale was adapted to measure negative symptoms at the level of five core domains. RESULTS Males with ARMS exhibited significantly poorer social functioning and more severe asociality of negative symptoms than female counterparts. Mediation analysis revealed that sex difference in social functioning became statistically insignificant when asocality was included in the model, indicating that asociality mediated the relationship between sex and social functioning. No sex differences were observed in other core domains of negative symptoms, other symptom dimensions, cognitive measures and role functioning. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sex differences in ARMS may be less pronounced that those observed in established psychotic disorders. Our findings of differential pattern of asociality between sexes and its mediating role on sex difference in social functioning underscore the importance in investigating negative symptoms at a separable domain-level. Further research is required to identify sex-specific predictors of longitudinal outcomes in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Nam Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Mun Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Ching Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet In Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - San Yin Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Fei Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui Fung Wo
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Cheuk Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Ling Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Song Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles Wai Hong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lam Wai Choy
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu Yin Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Wa Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Lam Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Ching Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Kin Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lap Tak Poon
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Fai Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Chung Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yip Chau Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sau Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Man Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Yu Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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González-Rodríguez A, Guàrdia A, Monreal JA. Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Are a Population with Specific Needs: A Narrative Review of Current Theories. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090849. [PMID: 34575626 PMCID: PMC8465365 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While gender differences in antipsychotic response have been recognized, the potential role of menopause in changing drug efficacy and clinical outcome in schizophrenia related disorders has been understudied. We aimed to review the relevant literature to test whether optimizing menopausal and post-menopausal treatment and addressing specific health needs of this stage in life will improve outcome. Methods: Non-systematic narrative review using the PubMed database (1900–July 2021) focusing on randomized controlled trial results addressing our question. Forty-nine studies met our criteria. Results: Premenopausal women show significantly better antipsychotic response than postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapies (HRT) should be used in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia with caution. Raloxifene, combined with antipsychotics, is effective for psychotic and cognitive symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia and related disorders. Medical comorbidities increase after menopause, but the influence of comorbidities on clinical outcomes has been poorly investigated. Preventive strategies include weighing risks and benefits of treatment, preventing medical comorbidities, and enhancing psychosocial support. Ideal treatment settings for this population warrant investigation. Conclusions: Antipsychotic dose adjustment at menopause is recommended for schizophrenia. Raloxifene may play an important role in permitting dose reduction and lessening adverse effects. Prevention of comorbidities will help to reduce the mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Armand Guàrdia
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José Antonio Monreal
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (A.G.); (J.A.M.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08211 Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 08221 Terrassa, Spain
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9
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Abstract
Introduction: Most medical diagnoses present somewhat differently in men and women, more so at specific periods of life. Treatment effects may also differ. This is true for schizophrenia, where premorbid effects are experienced earlier in life in boys than in girls, and where symptoms and outcomes differ.Areas covered: This review does not cover all the differences that have been reported between men and women but, instead, focuses on the ones that carry important implications for clinical care: effective antipsychotic doses, medication side effects, symptom fluctuation due to hormonal levels, comorbidities, and women's requirements for prenatal, obstetric, postpartum, and parenting support.Expert opinion: Of consequence to schizophrenia, sex-biased genes, epigenetic modifications, and sex steroids all impact the structure and function of the brain. Furthermore, life experiences and social roles exert major sex-specific influences. The co-morbidities that accompany schizophrenia also affect men and women to different degrees. This review offers several examples of sex-specific intervention and concludes that gold standard treatment must look beyond symptoms and address all the physiologic, psychologic, and social role needs of men and women suffering from this psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Qu M, Wang J, Chen DC, Chen S, Xiu MH, Zhang XY. Sex-specific association between peripheral superoxide dismutase, BDNF and cognitive impairment in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:887-893. [PMID: 32949664 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have cognitive impairments across several domains. Cognition decline is related to the complex interrelationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and redox system imbalance. However, the effect of sex on cognitive impairment and biomarkers has not been fully studied in patients with drug-naïve first episode (DNFE) SCZ. 327 DNFE SCZ patients and 391 healthy controls were recruited, and the levels of BDNF and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of total SOD, Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD enzymes were measured. Cognitive function was measured by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological status (RBANS) and clinical symptoms by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients performed worse on most cognitive tasks than controls, but there was no significant sex difference in cognitive function between patients and controls. Further analysis showed that a sex difference in MDA was found in controls rather than patients, indicating that MDA levels in men were higher than those in women in controls. Moreover, the Mn-SOD was significantly correlated with attention, language and RBANS total scores only in male patients. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the interaction between BDNF and Mn-SOD or SOD was associated with RBANS language index score in male patients. Our results suggest that the interrelationship of BDNF with antioxidant mechanisms may contribute to the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits only in male DNFE patients with SCZ, but not in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da Chun Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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