1
|
Olah J, Spencer T, Cummins N, Diederen K. Automated analysis of speech as a marker of sub-clinical psychotic experiences. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1265880. [PMID: 38361830 PMCID: PMC10867252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1265880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Automated speech analysis techniques, when combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning, show potential in capturing and predicting a wide range of psychosis symptoms, garnering attention from researchers. These techniques hold promise in predicting the transition to clinical psychosis from at-risk states, as well as relapse or treatment response in individuals with clinical-level psychosis. However, challenges in scientific validation hinder the translation of these techniques into practical applications. Although sub-clinical research could aid to tackle most of these challenges, there have been only few studies conducted in speech and psychosis research in non-clinical populations. This work aims to facilitate this work by summarizing automated speech analytical concepts and the intersection of this field with psychosis research. We review psychosis continuum and sub-clinical psychotic experiences, and the benefits of researching them. Then, we discuss the connection between speech and psychotic symptoms. Thirdly, we overview current and state-of-the art approaches to the automated analysis of speech both in terms of language use (text-based analysis) and vocal features (audio-based analysis). Then, we review techniques applied in subclinical population and findings in these samples. Finally, we discuss research challenges in the field, recommend future research endeavors and outline how research in subclinical populations can tackle the listed challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Olah
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Spencer
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Cummins
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Diederen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu F, Duan H, Hou Y, Zhang B, Wu J, Guo L. The Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Aggressive Behavior Among College Students: The Mediating Roles of Life Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, and Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:305-315. [PMID: 38292255 PMCID: PMC10826577 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s450326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The deleterious impact of aggressive behavior on college students necessitates urgent mitigation. To explore the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms of aggressive behaviors among college students, this study aims to validate the mediating roles of life satisfaction, meaning in life, and depression by examining the relationship between physical exercise and aggressive behaviors among college students. Methods The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Chinese Version DASS-21 and 12-item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) were tested on 1596 college students from three universities in western China, and SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for analysis. Results Physical exercise exhibited a significant negative correlation with both aggressive behaviors and depression among college students (r = -0.57, P < 0.001; r = -0.36, P < 0.001), as well as a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction and meaning in life (r = 0.45, P < 0.001; r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Regarding the impact of physical exercise on aggressive behaviors among college students, the mediating effects of life satisfaction, meaning in life, and depression were significant. The respective effect sizes were -0.11, -0.08, and -0.03. The chain mediation effect of life satisfaction through depression was also found to be significant, with an effect size of -0.02. Conclusion This study elucidates the mechanistic pathways through which physical exercise influences aggressive behavior among college students. The relationship between physical exercise and aggressive behavior is influenced by the individual mediating effects of life satisfaction, meaning in life, and depression, as well as the chain mediation effect of life satisfaction through depression. These findings provide a novel perspective on the prevention and intervention of aggressive behaviors among college students in China and potentially worldwide. This suggests that more attention should be paid to the organic combination of students' physical activity and mental health education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huicun Duan
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohua Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Guo
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neoh MJY, Teng JH, Setoh P, Esposito G. Perceptions of sexism interact with perceived criticism on women's response to sexist remarks in different relationship types. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18393. [PMID: 37884572 PMCID: PMC10603159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexism is a widespread form of gender discrimination, which can take the form of criticism towards women based on gender stereotypes. However, little is known about how perceived criticism and sexism shape one's construal of criticism from various interpersonal sources. The present study investigated whether perceived criticism, perceived sexism and the source of criticism (mother, father, workplace supervisor, romantic partner) interact to influence upset levels in response to criticism. 178 participants completed perceived criticism (PC) ratings for the four relationships and 95 female participants also completed the Schedule of Sexist Events scale. Participants read experimental vignettes describing scenarios of criticism from different sources and rated how upset they would feel in each scenario. Perceived sexism significantly moderated the effect of PC on upset levels only for sexist-related criticism from romantic partners and supervisors. Female participants with low perceived sexism show higher levels of upset as PC increased for sexist-related criticism from supervisors whereas female participants with high perceived sexism show lower levels of upset as PC increased for sexist-related criticism from romantic partners. These findings contribute towards understanding how perceived criticism and perceived sexism influence affective reactions to criticism across interpersonal sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jin Yee Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Hui Teng
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peipei Setoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olah J, Diederen K, Gibbs-Dean T, Kempton MJ, Dobson R, Spencer T, Cummins N. Online speech assessment of the psychotic spectrum: Exploring the relationship between overlapping acoustic markers of schizotypy, depression and anxiety. Schizophr Res 2023; 259:11-19. [PMID: 37080802 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote assessment of acoustic alterations in speech holds promise to increase scalability and validity in research across the psychosis spectrum. A feasible first step in establishing a procedure for online assessments is to assess acoustic alterations in psychometric schizotypy. However, to date, the complex relationship between alterations in speech related to schizotypy and those related to comorbid conditions such as symptoms of depression and anxiety has not been investigated. This study tested whether (1) depression, generalized anxiety and high psychometric schizotypy have similar voice characteristics, (2) which acoustic markers of online collected speech are the strongest predictors of psychometric schizotypy, (3) whether including generalized anxiety and depression symptoms in the model can improve the prediction of schizotypy. METHODS We collected cross-sectional, online-recorded speech data from 441 participants, assessing demographics, symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety and psychometric schizotypy. RESULTS Speech samples collected online could predict psychometric schizotypy, depression, and anxiety symptoms with weak to moderate predictive power, and with moderate and good predictive power when basic demographic variables were added to the models. Most influential features of these models largely overlapped. The predictive power of speech marker-based models of schizotypy significantly improved after including symptom scores of depression and generalized anxiety in the models (from R2 = 0.296 to R2 = 0. 436). CONCLUSIONS Acoustic features of online collected speech are predictive of psychometric schizotypy as well as generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. The acoustic characteristics of schizotypy, depression and anxiety symptoms significantly overlap. Speech models that are designed to predict schizotypy or symptoms of the schizophrenia spectrum might therefore benefit from controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Olah
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Kelly Diederen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Toni Gibbs-Dean
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Thomas Spencer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nicholas Cummins
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang GY, Crook-Rumsey M, Sumich A, Dulson D, Gao TT, Premkumar P. The relationships between expressed emotion, cortisol, and EEG alpha asymmetry. Physiol Behav 2023:114276. [PMID: 37364671 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Families can express high criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement towards a person with or at risk of mental health problems. Perceiving such high expressed emotion (EE) can be a major psychological stressor for individuals, especially those at risk of mental health problems. To reveal the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of EE on health, this study investigated physiological response (salivary cortisol, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA)) to verbal criticism and their relationship to anxiety and perceived EE. Using a repeated-measures design, healthy participants attended three testing sessions on non-consecutive days. On each day, participants listened to one of three types of auditory stimuli, namely criticism, neutral or praise, and Electroencephalography (EEG) and salivary cortisol were measured. Results showed a reduction in cortisol following criticism but there was no significant change in FAA. Post-criticism cortisol concentration negatively correlated with perceived EE after controlling for baseline mood. Our findings suggest that salivary cortisol change responds to criticism in non-clinical populations might be largely driven by individual differences in the perception of criticism (e.g., arousal and relevance). Criticisms expressed by audio comments may not be explicitly perceived as an acute emotional stressor, and thus, physiological change responds to criticisms could be minimum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Wang
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Australia; Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | - Deb Dulson
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, UK; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Terry T Gao
- Morton Bay Regional Council, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Girondini M, Stefanova M, Pillan M, Gallace A. The Effect of Previous Exposure on Virtual Reality Induced Public Speaking Anxiety: A Physiological and Behavioral Study. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:127-133. [PMID: 36809117 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is defined as a strong distress when performing a speech in front of an audience, causing impairment in terms of work possibilities and social relationships. Audience behavior and feedback received during a speech are a crucial variable to induce PSA, affecting performance and perception. In this study, two different virtual reality public speaking scenarios were developed to investigate the impact of positive (more assertive) versus negative (more hostile) audience behavior regarding perceived anxiety and physiological arousal during performance. Moreover, the presence of any carry-over effect based on first experiences (positive vs. negative) was investigated by using a within-between design. Both explicit (questionnaires) and implicit physiological measures (heart rate [HR]) were used to assess participants' experience. The results confirmed the influence of audience behavior on perceived anxiety. As expected, negative audience elicited greater anxiety and lower experience pleasantness. More interesting, the first experience influenced the perceived anxiety and arousal during performance, suggesting some sort of priming effect due to the valence of previous experience. In particular, starting with an encouraging feedback scenario did not increase the perceived anxiety and HR in front of a subsequent annoying audience. This modulation did not appear in the group who started with the annoying audience, which clearly reported higher HR and anxiety during the annoying exposure compared with the encouraging audience. These results are discussed considering previous evidence on the effect of feedback on performance. In addition, physiological results are interpreted considering the role of somatic marker theory in human performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Girondini
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Stefanova
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Gallace
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang T, He Y, Wu S, Cui X, Luo X, Liu J. Association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors: mediating and moderating influences in childhood trauma and life events among Chinese adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:51. [PMID: 34861879 PMCID: PMC8642850 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and explored the underlying mechanism. METHODS The data of 3094 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years were collected from an epidemiological survey in China. All the subjects or their parents completed the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC). RESULTS Relative to the non-schizoid group, adolescents with schizoid tendencies (male or female) showed significantly higher scores for aggressive behaviors, emotional abuse, and ASLEC. Regarding females only, those with schizoid tendencies had significantly higher (lower) scores for physical abuse and emotional neglect (physical neglect). The aggressive behaviors score was predicted by scores for schizoid tendencies (βmale = 0.620, βfemale = 0.638, both P < 0.001) and ASLEC (βmale = 0.125, βfemale = 0.061, both P < 0.01), and by childhood trauma score (males: emotional neglect [β = 0.045, P = 0.021]; females: emotional abuse and sexual abuse [β = 0.118 and - 0.062, both P < 0.01]). The ASLEC and childhood trauma scores mediated the association between scores for schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors, specifically, emotional neglect (emotional abuse and sexual abuse) in males (females). In females, the interaction between scores for childhood trauma and ASLEC affected the aggressive behaviors score (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Schizoid tendencies are associated with aggressive behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Recent life events and childhood trauma mediated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors. The interaction between childhood trauma and recent life events affected aggressive behaviors in females. Aggressive behaviors in adolescents may be ameliorated by reducing childhood trauma and life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang GY, Premkumar P, Lee CQ, Griffiths MD. The Role of Criticism in Expressed Emotion Among Psychoactive Substance Users: an Experimental Vignette Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|