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Cheng Z, Peng Y, Wen J, Chen W, Pan W, Xu X, Lu X, Cai Q, Ge F, Fan Y, Wang J, Guan X. Sex-specific metabolic signatures in methamphetamine addicts. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13255. [PMID: 36577725 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused addictive psychostimulant, and METH-induced neurotoxic and behavioural deficits are in a sex-specific manner. However, there is lack of biomarkers to evaluate METH addiction in clinical practice, especially for gender differences. We utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to detect the serum metabolomics in METH addicts and controls, specially exploring the sex-specific metabolic alterations by METH abuse. We found that many differently expressed metabolites in METH addicts related to metabolisms of amino acid, energy, vitamin and neurological disorders. Further, METH abuse caused different patterns of metabolomics in a sex-specific manner. As to amino acid metabolism, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-histidine in serum of male addicts and betaine in serum of female addicts were significantly changed by METH use. In addition, it seemed that purine and pyrimidine-related metabolites (e.g., xanthosine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate) in male and the metabolites of hormone (e.g., cortisol) and folate biosynthesis (e.g., 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) in female were more sensitive to METH addiction. Our findings revealed that L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate acid and citric acid may be potential biomarkers for monitoring METH addiction in clinic. Considering sex-specific toxicity by METH, the metabolites of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in male and those of stress-related hormones in female may be used to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and treatment for METH addicts of different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichao Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li Z, Qi Y, Liu K, Cao Y, Zhang H, Song C, Deng H. Effect of Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction on withdrawal symptoms in rats with methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211376. [PMID: 34355745 PMCID: PMC8380915 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine detoxification prescription Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction (CLMD) relieves depressive symptoms in patients withdrawing from methamphetamine. In the present study, we assessed the effects of CLMD on methamphetamine withdrawal in rats. A methamphetamine-intoxicated rat model was established. Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, high-dosage, medium-dosage, and low-dosage groups, receiving high, medium, and low doses of CLMD, respectively. Weekly body weight measurements revealed that rats treated with methamphetamine had the lowest body weight. The conditioned place preference (CPP) experiment revealed that methamphetamine-intoxicated rats stayed significantly longer in the drug-paired chamber than the control rats. However, after administering high-dosage CLMD, the amount of time the rats spent in the drug-paired chamber was significantly less than that of the model rats. Our open-field test revealed that the model group had lower crossing and rearing scores than the control group. Additionally, rats that received CLMD treatment exhibited higher crossing and rearing scores than the model rats. Striatal dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and endorphins (β-EP) and serum interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-2 concentrations were estimated. Rats in the model group had lower striatal DA, 5-HT, and β-EP and higher serum IL-1α and IL-2 concentrations than those in the control group. High-dosage CLMD administration significantly changed the concentrations of these molecules, such that they approached normal concentrations. In general, CLMD could prevent the development of methamphetamine-induced withdrawal symptoms in rats by increasing the DA, 5-HT, and β-EP and lowering the IL-1α and IL-2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifa Li
- Behavioural Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Chinese Medicine Neuro-Psycho Pharmacology Laboratory (CMNPPL), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuchen Qi
- No. 2 Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Behavioural Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Chinese Medicine Neuro-Psycho Pharmacology Laboratory (CMNPPL), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yiming Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Behavioural Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Chinese Medicine Neuro-Psycho Pharmacology Laboratory (CMNPPL), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chunhong Song
- Behavioural Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Chinese Medicine Neuro-Psycho Pharmacology Laboratory (CMNPPL), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hualiang Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Lin Z, Chen Y, Li J, Xu Z, Wang H, Lin J, Ye X, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Rao Y. Pharmacokinetics of N-ethylpentylone and its effect on increasing levels of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12755. [PMID: 30985062 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Ethylpentylone (NEP) is one of the most confiscated synthetic cathinones in the world. However, its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics remain largely unknown. In this study, the pharmacokentics of NEP in rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) was assessed via brain microdialysis after the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of NEP (20 or 50 mg/kg). The concentrations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, including 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were simultaneously monitored to elucidate the pharmacological effect of NEP. In addition, the plasma levels of NEP were also assessed. The pharmacokinetics of NEP showed a dose-related pattern, with NEP rapidly passing through the blood-brain barrier and reaching a maximum concentration (Cmax ) at approximately 40-minutes postdose. Approximately 4% of plasma NEP was distributed to the NAc, and considering a homogeneous brain distribution, over 90% of plasma NEP was potentially distributed to the brain. High values of area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) of NEP were observed in both the NAc and plasma, indicating large and long-lasting effects. NEP elicited dose-related increases in microdialysate DA and 5-HT and increased the concentration of 3-MT in a dose-related manner. However, the rate of DA converted into 3-MT was unaffected. NEP had a negative effect on the rates of which DA and 5-HT were transformed into DOPAC and 5-HIAA, respectively. In summary, NEP rapidly entered the NAc and showed a long-lasting effect. In addition, DA increased more significantly than 5-HT, indicating a large potential for NEP abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan HospitalFudan University China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Ziqin Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic ScienceShanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence China
| | - Shuiqing Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic ScienceShanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
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Fabian JM. Methamphetamine Motivated Murder: Forensic Psychological/Psychiatric & Legal Applications in Criminal Contexts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/009318530703500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the clinical and forensic (psycho-legal) aspects of methamphetamine use. The author will describe the clinical and psychiatric effects of the drug on an individual's functioning. Forensic psychological/psychiatric issues including substance-induced psychosis relevant to a not guilty by reason of insanity defense, diminished capacity, and mitigation at capital sentencing will be addressed. Case law pursuant to forensic aspects of methamphetamine use will also be thoroughly explored.
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Hajheidari S, Miladi-Gorji H, Bigdeli I. Effect of the environmental enrichment on the severity of psychological dependence and voluntary methamphetamine consumption in methamphetamine withdrawn rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 584:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Treating methamphetamine-induced resistant psychosis with clozapine. Case Rep Psychiatry 2014; 2014:845145. [PMID: 25530901 PMCID: PMC4228824 DOI: 10.1155/2014/845145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP) in Iran has turned into a serious issue in terms of health and treatment, lacking any obvious treatment methods for its resistant cases. Aims of Case Report. In the present study, a number of two cases of treatment of MIP with clozapine, which were resistant to the treatment with other antipsychotics, have been reported. Both cases completely responded to the treatment in only 2 weeks and no signs of psychosis relapse were seen in an 8-9 follow-up. Conclusion. Because of its particular pharmacologic features, clozapine may be effective in treating MIP.
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Sulaiman AH, Said MA, Habil MH, Rashid R, Siddiq A, Guan NC, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Das S. The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine-dependent patients in Malaysia. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55 Suppl 1:S89-94. [PMID: 23433219 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the risk of lifetime and current methamphetamine-induced psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence. The association between psychiatric co-morbidity and methamphetamine-induced psychosis was also studied. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted concurrently at a teaching hospital and a drug rehabilitation center in Malaysia. Patients with the diagnosis of methamphetamine based on DSM-IV were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) for methamphetamine-induced psychosis and other Axis I psychiatric disorders. The information on sociodemographic background and drug use history was obtained from interview or medical records. RESULTS Of 292 subjects, 47.9% of the subjects had a past history of psychotic symptoms and 13.0% of the patients were having current psychotic symptoms. Co-morbid major depressive disorder (OR=7.18, 95 CI=2.612-19.708), bipolar disorder (OR=13.807, 95 CI=5.194-36.706), antisocial personality disorder (OR=12.619, 95 CI=6.702-23.759) and heavy methamphetamine uses were significantly associated with lifetime methamphetamine-induced psychosis after adjusted for other factors. Major depressive disorder (OR=2.870, CI=1.154-7.142) and antisocial personality disorder (OR=3.299, 95 CI=1.375-7.914) were the only factors associated with current psychosis. CONCLUSION There was a high risk of psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence. It was associated with co-morbid affective disorder, antisocial personality, and heavy methamphetamine use. It is recommended that all cases of methamphetamine dependence should be screened for psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Bartalucci A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The effects of locus coeruleus and norepinephrine in methamphetamine toxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:80-94. [PMID: 23814540 PMCID: PMC3580794 DOI: 10.2174/157015913804999522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons has been extensively investigated in a variety of behavioural states. In fact this norepinephrine (NE)-containing nucleus modulates many physiological and pathological conditions including the sleep-waking cycle, movement disorders, mood alterations, convulsive seizures, and the effects of drugs such as psychostimulants and opioids. This review focuses on the modulation exerted by central NE pathways on the behavioural and neurotoxic effects produced by the psychostimulant methamphetamine, essentially the modulation of the activity of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons. In fact, although NE in itself mediates some behavioural effects induced by methamphetamine, NE modulation of DA release is pivotal for methamphetamine-induced behavioural states and neurotoxicity. These interactions are discussed on the basis of the state of the art of the functional neuroanatomy of central NE- and DA systems. Emphasis is given to those brain sites possessing a remarkable overlapping of both neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Bramness JG, Gundersen ØH, Guterstam J, Rognli EB, Konstenius M, Løberg EM, Medhus S, Tanum L, Franck J. Amphetamine-induced psychosis--a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable? BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:221. [PMID: 23216941 PMCID: PMC3554477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of amphetamine and methamphetamine is widespread in the general population and common among patients with psychiatric disorders. Amphetamines may induce symptoms of psychosis very similar to those of acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. This has been an argument for using amphetamine-induced psychosis as a model for primary psychotic disorders. To distinguish the two types of psychosis on the basis of acute symptoms is difficult. However, acute psychosis induced by amphetamines seems to have a faster recovery and appears to resolve more completely compared to schizophrenic psychosis. The increased vulnerability for acute amphetamine induced psychosis seen among those with schizophrenia, schizotypal personality and, to a certain degree other psychiatric disorders, is also shared by non-psychiatric individuals who previously have experienced amphetamine-induced psychosis. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder and amphetamine-induced psychosis are further linked together by the finding of several susceptibility genes common to both conditions. These genes probably lower the threshold for becoming psychotic and increase the risk for a poorer clinical course of the disease.The complex relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis has received much attention but is still not adequately explored. Our paper reviews the literature in this field and proposes a stress-vulnerability model for understanding the relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Hoel Gundersen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joar Guterstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eline Borger Rognli
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maija Konstenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Medhus
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Tanum
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Franck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fornai F, Biagioni F, Fulceri F, Murri L, Ruggieri S, Paparelli A. Intermittent Dopaminergic stimulation causes behavioral sensitization in the addicted brain and parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 88:371-98. [PMID: 19897084 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)88013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The gold standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) consists in chronic administration of pulses of the dopamine (DA) precursor l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Although the main brain area which is DA-deficient is the dorsal striatum (more the putamen than the caudate nucleus), other DA-innervated brain regions (i.e., the ventral striatum and other limbic areas) are affected by systemic administration of l-DOPA. While such a therapy produces an increase in synaptic and nonsynaptic DA, which replace the neurotransmitter deficiency, peaks of extracellular DA in the course of disease progression produce abnormal involuntary movements related to behavioral sensitization. Methamphetamine (METH), a widely abused drug, is known to produce behavioral sensitization, related to DA release (more in the ventral than dorsal striatum as well as other limbic regions). The present review discusses the overlapping between these treatments, based on pulses of DA stimulation with an emphasis on the class of DA receptors; signal transduction pathways; rearranged expression of neurotransmitters, cotransmitters, and their receptors coupled with ultrastructural changes. In fact, all these levels of synaptic plasticity show a surprising homology following these treatments, posing the mechanisms of behavioral sensitization during DA-replacement therapy in PD very close to the neurobiological mechanisms operating during METH abuse. In line with this view is the growing evidence of addictive behaviors in PD patients during the course of DA-replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fornai
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Soliman A, O'Driscoll GA, Pruessner J, Holahan ALV, Boileau I, Gagnon D, Dagher A. Stress-induced dopamine release in humans at risk of psychosis: a [11C]raclopride PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:2033-41. [PMID: 17957215 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that increase dopamine levels in the brain can cause psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and worsen them in schizophrenic patients. Psychological stress also increases dopamine release and is thought to play a role in susceptibility to psychotic illness. We hypothesized that healthy individuals at elevated risk of developing psychosis would show greater striatal dopamine release than controls in response to stress. Using positron emission tomography and [(11)C]raclopride, we measured changes in synaptic dopamine concentrations in 10 controls and 16 psychometric schizotypes; 9 with perceptual aberrations (PerAb, ie positive schizotypy) and 7 with physical anhedonia (PhysAn, ie negative schizotypy). [(11)C]Raclopride binding potential was measured during a psychological stress task and a sensory-motor control. All three groups showed significant increases in self-reported stress and cortisol levels between the stress and control conditions. However, only the PhysAn group showed significant stress-induced dopamine release. Dopamine release in the entire sample was significantly negatively correlated with smooth pursuit gain, an endophenotype linked to frontal lobe function. Our findings suggest the presence of abnormalities in the dopamine response to stress in negative symptom schizotypy, and provide indirect evidence of a link to frontal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Soliman
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
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12
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McGuinness TM, Pollack D. Parental methamphetamine abuse and children. J Pediatr Health Care 2008; 22:152-8. [PMID: 18455063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine has alluring properties, such as the ability to promote weight loss and wakefulness, and because of its low price and ease of synthesis, methamphetamine abuse is now a nationwide problem in the United States. Unfortunately, the scope of the problem extends beyond adult users to the children of parents who are users. As methamphetamine abuse increases, the consequences of the epidemic pose major health and child welfare concerns. This article describes methamphetamine abuse and the long-term consequences of use, as well as specific nursing interventions to mitigate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena M McGuinness
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Al 35294-1210, USA.
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Kantrowitz JT, Tampi RR. Risk of psychosis exacerbation by tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features. J Affect Disord 2008; 106:279-84. [PMID: 17764752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review of the published trials in unipolar Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features (MDDP) to examine the risk of psychosis exacerbation by antidepressants. METHODS We searched Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsychINFO, and EMBASE for English language, controlled, open or retrospective acute antidepressant and/or antipsychotic treatment studies of unipolar MDDP. Studies without a clear delineation of treatment course or between bipolar disorder and unipolar MDDP were excluded. We evaluated studies for the number of subjects with psychosis exacerbation, and contacted the corresponding author for ambiguous cases. Studies in which we were unable to determine rates of psychosis exacerbation were excluded. Psychosis exacerbation was determined on a categorical basis, and analyzed with Fisher's exact test, a modified Wald confidence interval and odds ratio. RESULTS 20 studies meeting criteria provided sufficient adverse event reporting for inclusion. 15 of 177 subjects (8.5%) on antidepressant monotherapy had a psychosis exacerbation, 8 of whom were on tricyclics. 2 of 129 subjects on either antipsychotic or combination treatment had a psychosis exacerbation. Tricyclic monotherapy was significantly more likely to be temporally associated with psychosis exacerbation (p=0.007). LIMITATIONS Limitations include the small number of placebo-controlled trials, and numerous studies in which the relevant information was missing. Additionally, most trials were designed as treatment outcome studies, and not to determine the rate of psychosis exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, the present study indicates that tricyclic monotherapy may be temporally associated with an exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in patients with unipolar MDDP, potentially worsening prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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