1
|
Wu X, Lokken RP, Mehta N. Optimal treatment for small HCC (<3 cm): Resection, liver transplantation, or locoregional therapy? JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100781. [PMID: 37456674 PMCID: PMC10339255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for 90% of all primary liver cancers. Up to 30% of HCC cases could be small (2-3 cm in diameter) at the time of diagnosis with advances in imaging techniques and surveillance programmes. Treating patients with early-stage HCC can be complex and often requires interdisciplinary care, owing to the wide and increasing variety of treatment options, which include liver resection, liver transplantation, and various locoregional therapies offered by interventional radiology and radiation oncology. Decisions regarding the optimal management strategy for a patient involve many considerations, including patient- and tumour-specific characteristics, as well as socioeconomic factors. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarise the commonly used therapies for single, small HCC (<3 cm), with a focus on the impact of tumour size (<2 cm vs. 2-3 cm), as well as a brief discussion on the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil Mehta
- Department of General Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agirrezabal I, Pereira Grillo Junior LS, Nasser F, Brennan VK, Bugano D, Galastri FL, Azeredo-da-Silva ALFD, Shergill S, da Motta-Leal-Filho JM. Cost-effectiveness of selective internal radiation therapy with Y-90 resin microspheres for intermediate- and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil. J Med Econ 2023; 26:731-741. [PMID: 37139828 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2210475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe condition with poor prognosis that places a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a treatment available to patients with HCC which addresses some of the limitations of alternative treatment options. A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken into the use of SIRT using Y-90 resin microspheres for the treatment of unresectable, intermediate- and late-stage HCC in Brazil.Materials and methodsA partitioned-survival model was developed, including a tunnel state for patients downstaged to receive treatments with curative intent. Sorafenib was the selected comparator, a common systemic treatment in Brazil and for which comparative evidence exists. Clinical data were extracted from published sources of pivotal trials, and effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and life-years (LYs). The analysis was conducted from the Brazilian private payer perspective and a lifetime horizon was implemented. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsLYs and QALYs were higher for SIRT with Y-90 resin microspheres versus sorafenib (0.27 and 0.20 incremental LYs and QALYs, respectively) and costs were slightly higher for SIRT (R$15,864). The base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was R$77,602 per QALY. The ICER was mostly influenced by parameters defining the sorafenib overall survival curve and SIRT had a 73% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of R$135,761 per QALY (three times the per-capita gross domestic product in Brazil). Overall, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results indicating that SIRT with Y-90 resin microspheres is cost-effective compared with sorafenib.LimitationsA rapidly evolving treatment landscape in Brazil and worldwide, and the lack of local data for some variables were the main limitations.ConclusionsSIRT with Y-90 resin microspheres is a cost-effective option compared with sorafenib in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Agirrezabal
- Sirtex Medical Europe GmbH, Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33, 53227 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luiz Sérgio Pereira Grillo Junior
- AFECC - Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Av. Mal. Campos, 1579 - Santa Cecilia, Vitória - ES, 29043-260, Brazil
- Unimed Vitória - Hospital Unimed Vitória, R. Marins Alvarino, 365 - Itararé, Vitória - ES, 29047-660, Brazil
| | - Felipe Nasser
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Victoria K Brennan
- Sirtex Medical United Kingdom Ltd., Hill House, 1 Little New Street, London, EC4A 3TR, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Bugano
- Centro de Oncologia do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Ruggero Fasano, s/n., Bloco A - 3° Subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05653-120, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Galastri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - André Luis F de Azeredo-da-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
- HTAnalyze Consultoria e Treinamento Ltda, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Suki Shergill
- Sirtex Medical United Kingdom Ltd., Hill House, 1 Little New Street, London, EC4A 3TR, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Maurício da Motta-Leal-Filho
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Olumide AO, Shmueli A, Omotade OO, Adebayo ES, Alonge TO, Ogun GO. Economic costs of terminal care for selected non-communicable diseases from a healthcare perspective: a review of mortality records from a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044969. [PMID: 33895715 PMCID: PMC8076932 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION WHO revealed that morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the increase and NCDs accounted for approximately 29% of all deaths in Nigeria in 2016. This study was conducted to estimate the economic cost of selected NCDs-lung cancer, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. These diseases are known to be associated with key modifiable health risk behaviours (smoking and alcohol use), which are prevalent in Nigeria and often commence during the adolescent years. METHODS Data were obtained between 2016 and 2017, from mortality records of patients managed for the selected diseases in the University College Hospital, a major referral centre in Nigeria. Information on costs of treatment, clinic visits, admission and transportation was obtained. Average costs of terminal in-patient care and transportation costs (in 2020 prices) were computed per patient. Costs were converted to the US dollar equivalent using the current official rate of US$1: ₦360.50. RESULTS Twenty-two (out of 90 cases recorded) could be retrieved and all the patients had been diagnosed in the terminal stages of the disease. The average direct costs were ₦510 152.62 (US$1415.13) for an average of 49.2 days of terminal care for lung cancer; ₦308 950.27 (US$857.00) and ₦238 121.83 (US$660.53) for an average of 16.6 and 21.7 days of terminal care for patients managed for liver cancer and liver cirrhosis, respectively. CONCLUSION The economic costs of each of the diseases were very high. Findings emphasise the need for aggressive efforts to promote primary prevention, improve early diagnosis and provide affordable treatment in view of the fact that the monthly minimum wage is less than US$85.00 and treatment costs are borne out-of-pocket by the generality of the population in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Oluwafunmilola Olumide
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Amir Shmueli
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olayemi O Omotade
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel S Adebayo
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope O Alonge
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel O Ogun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elsaid MI, Li Y, John T, Narayanan N, Catalano C, Rustgi VK. Economic and Health Care Burdens of Hepatitis Delta: A Study of Commercially Insured Adults in the United States. Hepatology 2020; 72:399-411. [PMID: 31804707 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The paucity of data regarding the extent of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) associated health care burden in the United States is an important obstacle to assessing the cost-effectiveness of potential intervention strategies. In this study, we characterized the health care use and cost burdens of HDV in the United States using real-world claims data. APPROACH AND RESULTS We conducted a case-control study using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims databases from 2011-2014. A total of 2,727 HDV cases were matched 1:1 by sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) controls using propensity scores. The HDV group had significantly higher prevalence of substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, decompensated cirrhosis, cirrhosis, and hepatitis C virus compared to patients with chronic HBV. First HDV diagnosis was associated with significant increases in the total number of health care claims (25.61 vs. 28.99; P < 0.0001) and total annual health care costs ($19,476 vs. $23,605; P < 0.0001) compared with pre-HDV baseline. The case-control analysis similarly indicated higher total claims (28.99 vs. 25.19; P < 0.0001) and health care costs ($23,605 vs. $18,228; P < 0.0001) in HDV compared with HBV alone. Compared with HBV controls, HDV cases had an adjusted incident rate ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.22) times the total number of annual claims and an adjusted incident rate ratio 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.17, 1.48) times the total annual health care cost. CONCLUSIONS HDV is associated with higher health care use and cost burden than HBV alone, underscoring the need for improved screening and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elsaid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - You Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tina John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Navaneeth Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Carolyn Catalano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Vinod K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| |
Collapse
|