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Saini M, Kashyap A, Bindal S, Saini K, Gupta R. Bacterial Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, an Emerging Biocatalyst: Insights Into Structure-Function Relationship and Its Biotechnological Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641251. [PMID: 33897647 PMCID: PMC8062742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzyme is ubiquitously present in all life forms and plays a variety of roles in diverse organisms. Higher eukaryotes mainly utilize GGT for glutathione degradation, and mammalian GGTs have implications in many physiological disorders also. GGTs from unicellular prokaryotes serve different physiological functions in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the present review, the physiological significance of bacterial GGTs has been discussed categorizing GGTs from Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli as glutathione degraders and from pathogenic species like Helicobacter pylori as virulence factors. Gram-positive bacilli, however, are considered separately as poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) degraders. The structure-function relationship of the GGT is also discussed mainly focusing on the crystallization of bacterial GGTs along with functional characterization of conserved regions by site-directed mutagenesis that unravels molecular aspects of autoprocessing and catalysis. Only a few crystal structures have been deciphered so far. Further, different reports on heterologous expression of bacterial GGTs in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis as hosts have been presented in a table pointing toward the lack of fermentation studies for large-scale production. Physicochemical properties of bacterial GGTs have also been described, followed by a detailed discussion on various applications of bacterial GGTs in different biotechnological sectors. This review emphasizes the potential of bacterial GGTs as an industrial biocatalyst relevant to the current switch toward green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rani Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Yang J, Huang Y, Dong H, Huang G, Yu L, Bai W, Zeng X. The application of L-glutaminase for the synthesis of the immunomodulatory γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan and the kokumi-imparting γ-D-glutamyl peptides. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5841-5849. [PMID: 33282236 PMCID: PMC7684622 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used to synthesize the immunomodulatory γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (γ-D-Glu-L-Trp) and the kokumi-active γ-D-glutamyl peptides. The optimum yield of γ-D-Glu-L-Trp was 55.76 mM in corresponding to a minimum yield of by-product (γ-D-Glu-γ-D-Glu-L-Trp) in the presence of 75 mM D-Gln and 100 mM L-Trp. The glutaminase has a low Km values for the donors (D-Gln and L-Gln:5.53 and 0.98 mM), but high ones for the acceptors (L-Trp, L-Phe, L-Met, L-Val and γ-[D-Glu]( n =1,2,3)-L-Val/L-Phe/L-Met, ranging from 32.51 to 193.05 mM). The highest Km value appearing when n = 2 (γ-[D-Glu]( n =0,1,2)-L-Val/L-Phe/L-Met) suggested the rising difficulty for synthesis when the number of donor increases in the reaction mixtures. The γ-[D-Glu]( n =1,2,3)-L-Val/L-Phe/L-Met at 5 mM can impart the blank chicken broth an enhancing monthfulness, thickness, and umaminess taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering InnovationsZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuran Huang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering InnovationsZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Guiying Huang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Limei Yu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering InnovationsZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering InnovationsZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering InnovationsZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
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Rodríguez JPG, Bernardi DI, Gubiani JR, Magalhães de Oliveira J, Morais-Urano RP, Bertonha AF, Bandeira KF, Bulla JIQ, Sette LD, Ferreira AG, Batista JM, Silva TDS, Santos RAD, Martins CHG, Lira SP, Cunha MGD, Trivella DBB, Grazzia N, Gomes NES, Gadelha F, Miguel DC, Cauz ACG, Brocchi M, Berlinck RGS. Water-Soluble Glutamic Acid Derivatives Produced in Culture by Penicillium solitum IS1-A from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:55-65. [PMID: 31895573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new method of screening was developed to generate 770 organic and water-soluble fractions from extracts of nine species of marine sponges, from the growth media of 18 species of marine-derived fungi, and from the growth media of 13 species of endophytic fungi. The screening results indicated that water-soluble fractions displayed significant bioactivity in cytotoxic, antibiotic, anti-Leishmania, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, and inhibition of proteasome assays. Purification of water-soluble fractions from the growth medium of Penicillium solitum IS1-A provided the new glutamic acid derivatives solitumine A (1), solitumine B (2), and solitumidines A-D (3-6). The structures of compounds 1-6 have been established by analysis of spectroscopic data, chemical derivatizations, and vibrational circular dichroism calculations. Although no biological activity could be observed for compounds 1-6, the new structures reported for 1-6 indicate that the investigation of water-soluble natural products represents a relevant strategy in finding new secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie P G Rodríguez
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Raquel P Morais-Urano
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Ariane F Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Karin F Bandeira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Jairo I Q Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Lara D Sette
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24-A , 1515 , Rio Claro , SP , Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , 13565-905 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - João M Batista
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , 12231-280 , São José dos Campos , SP , Brazil
| | - Thayná de Souza Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia , Universidade de Franca , Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201. Pq. Universitário , 14404-600 , Franca , SP , Brazil
| | - Raquel Alves Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia , Universidade de Franca , Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201. Pq. Universitário , 14404-600 , Franca , SP , Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia , Universidade de Franca , Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201. Pq. Universitário , 14404-600 , Franca , SP , Brazil
| | - Simone P Lira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz , Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CP 9, Agronomia, CEP 13418-900 , Piracicaba , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcos G da Cunha
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Material, Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro , 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Daniela B B Trivella
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Material, Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro , 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Natália E S Gomes
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gadelha
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina G Cauz
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Instituto de Biologia , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13083-862 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
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