1
|
Bruce SD, Scholl N, Mulvey J, Hatch D, Allen DH. Physical Activity: A Feasibility Study on Exercise in Men Newly Diagnosed With Prostate Cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2021; 25:E50-E56. [PMID: 34533509 DOI: 10.1188/21.cjon.e50-e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve patient-centered care for cancer-related symptoms, treatment-related side effects, and health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVES This feasibility study aimed to explore PA preferences and changes in functional capacity and symptoms during a two-week self-prescribed PA intervention prior to treatment in men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS Men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited from a community hospital, part of an academic comprehensive cancer center in the southeastern United States. An individualized PA intervention prescription was developed using baseline measures. Baseline and two-week measures consisted of functional capacity, PA participation, and symptom impact. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used. FINDINGS Thirteen men aged an average of 66.14 years (SD = 6.82) participated. Participants significantly improved functional capacity. Most common PAs were walking (n = 9) and yard work (n = 6).
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exercise is a provocative medicine, known for its preventive, complimentary and rehabilitative role in the management of cancer. Impressively, exercise is also emerging as a synergistic and targeted medicine to enhance symptom control, modulate tumour biology and delay disease progression, with the potential to increase overall survival. Given the complex clinical presentation of advanced prostate cancer patients and their omnipresent comorbidities, this review describes the current and potential role of exercise medicine in advanced prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise has been shown to be safe, feasible and effective for advanced prostate cancer patients, inclusive of patients with bone metastases; a previously excluded population due to patient and clinician fear of adverse events. Preclinical data provide insight into the ability of exercise to modulate cancer-specific outcomes, may synergistically increase the potency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and may endogenously and/or mechanically suppress tumour formation, growth and invasion in visceral and skeletal tissue. Epidemiological studies have also shown an association between physical activity and increased survival. SUMMARY Exercise oncology is rapidly evolving, with impressive possibilities that may directly improve patient outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. Research must focus on translating preclinical trials into human clinical trials and investigate the direct effect of exercise on overall survival.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jenkins V, Payne H, Mason M, May S, Matthews L, Catt S. EXTREQOL Identifies Ongoing Challenges in Maximising Quality of Survival in Men with Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:331-333. [PMID: 29459101 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Jenkins
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - H Payne
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - M Mason
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff, UK
| | - S May
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - L Matthews
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - S Catt
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Demark-Wahnefried W, Schmitz KH, Alfano CM, Bail JR, Goodwin PJ, Thomson CA, Bradley DW, Courneya KS, Befort CA, Denlinger CS, Ligibel JA, Dietz WH, Stolley MR, Irwin ML, Bamman MM, Apovian CM, Pinto BM, Wolin KY, Ballard RM, Dannenberg AJ, Eakin EG, Longjohn MM, Raffa SD, Adams-Campbell LL, Buzaglo JS, Nass SJ, Massetti GM, Balogh EP, Kraft ES, Parekh AK, Sanghavi DM, Morris GS, Basen-Engquist K. Weight management and physical activity throughout the cancer care continuum. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68:64-89. [PMID: 29165798 PMCID: PMC5766382 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that weight management and physical activity (PA) improve overall health and well being, and reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. Although many opportunities exist to include weight management and PA in routine cancer care, several barriers remain. This review summarizes key topics addressed in a recent National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine workshop entitled, "Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the Cancer Care Continuum." Discussions related to body weight and PA among cancer survivors included: 1) current knowledge and gaps related to health outcomes; 2) effective intervention approaches; 3) addressing the needs of diverse populations of cancer survivors; 4) opportunities and challenges of workforce, care coordination, and technologies for program implementation; 5) models of care; and 6) program coverage. While more discoveries are still needed for the provision of optimal weight-management and PA programs for cancer survivors, obesity and inactivity currently jeopardize their overall health and quality of life. Actionable future directions are presented for research; practice and policy changes required to assure the availability of effective, affordable, and feasible weight management; and PA services for all cancer survivors as a part of their routine cancer care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:64-89. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Professor of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Catherine M Alfano
- Vice President, Survivorship, American Cancer Society, Inc., Washington, DC
| | - Jennifer R Bail
- Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Professor of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Don W Bradley
- Associate Consulting Professor, Community and Family Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Professor of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christie A Befort
- Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Crystal S Denlinger
- Associate Professor of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - William H Dietz
- Chair, Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Melinda L Irwin
- Professor of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Professor of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Rachel M Ballard
- Director, Prevention Research Coordination, Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Elizabeth G Eakin
- Professor and Director, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matt M Longjohn
- Vice President and National Health Officer, YMCA of the USA, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan D Raffa
- National Program Director for Weight Management, Veterans Health Administration, Durham, NC
| | | | - Joanne S Buzaglo
- Senior Vice President, Research and Training Institute, Cancer Support Community, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sharyl J Nass
- Director, National Cancer Policy Forum and Board on Health Care Services, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Greta M Massetti
- Associate Director for Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin P Balogh
- Senior Program Officer, National Cancer Policy Forum, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC
| | | | - Anand K Parekh
- Chief Medical Advisor, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
| | - Darshak M Sanghavi
- Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President, Translation, Optum Labs, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Professor of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas RJ, Kenfield SA, Jimenez A. Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:640-644. [PMID: 27993842 PMCID: PMC5466928 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review and discuss the available international literature regarding the indirect and direct biochemical mechanisms that occur after exercise, which could positively, or negatively, influence oncogenic pathways. METHODS The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers up to July 2016 addressing biochemical changes after exercise with a particular reference to cancer. The three authors independently assessed their appropriateness for inclusion in this review based on their scientific quality and relevance. RESULTS 168 papers were selected and categorised into indirect and direct biochemical pathways. The indirect effects included changes in vitamin D, weight reduction, sunlight exposure and improved mood. The direct effects included insulin-like growth factor, epigenetic effects on gene expression and DNA repair, vasoactive intestinal peptide, oxidative stress and antioxidant pathways, heat shock proteins, testosterone, irisin, immunity, chronic inflammation and prostaglandins, energy metabolism and insulin resistance. SUMMARY Exercise is one of several lifestyle factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer and is associated with lower relapse rates and better survival. This review highlights the numerous biochemical processes, which explain these potential anticancer benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alfonso Jimenez
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|