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Lovegrove CE, Peters M, Guillaumier S, Arya M, Afzal N, Dudderidge T, Hosking-Jervis F, Hindley RG, Lewi H, McCartan N, Moore CM, Nigam R, Ogden C, Persad R, Virdi J, Winkler M, Emberton M, Ahmed HU, Shah TT, Minhas S. Evaluation of functional outcomes after a second focal high-intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) procedure in men with primary localized, non-metastatic prostate cancer: results from the HIFU Evaluation and Assessment of Treatment (HEAT) registry. BJU Int 2020; 125:853-860. [PMID: 31971335 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess change in functional outcomes after a second focal high-intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) treatment compared with outcomes after one focal HIFU treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicentre study (2005-2016), 821 men underwent focal HIFU for localized non-metastatic prostate cancer. The patient-reported outcome measures of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), pad usage and erectile function (EF) score were prospectively collected for up to 3 years. To be included in the study, completion of at least one follow-up questionnaire was required. The primary outcome was comparison of change in functional outcomes between baseline and follow-up after one focal HIFU procedure vs after a second focal HIFU procedure, using IPSS, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires. RESULTS Of 821 men, 654 underwent one focal HIFU procedure and 167 underwent a second focal HIFU procedure. A total of 355 (54.3%) men undergoing one focal HIFU procedure and 65 (38.9%) with a second focal HIFU procedure returned follow-up questionnaires, respectively. The mean age and prostate-specific antigen level were 66.4 and 65.6 years, and 7.9 and 8.4 ng/mL, respectively. After one focal HIFU treatment, the mean change in IPSS was -0.03 (P = 0.02) and in IIEF (EF score) it was -0.4 (P = 0.02) at 1-2 years, with no subsequent decline. Absolute rates of erectile dysfunction increased from 9.9% to 20.8% (P = 0.08), leak-free continence decreased from 77.9% to 72.8% (P = 0.06) and pad-free continence from 98.6% to 94.8% (P = 0.07) at 1-2 years, respectively. IPSS prior to second focal HIFU treatment compared to baseline IPSS prior to first focal HIFU treatment was lower by -1.3 (P = 0.02), but mean IPSS change was +1.4 at 1-2 years (P = 0.03) and +1.2 at 2-3 years (P = 0.003) after the second focal HIFU treatment. The mean change in EF score after the second focal HIFU treatment was -0.2 at 1-2 years (P = 0.60) and -0.5 at 2-3 years (P = 0.10), with 17.8% and 6.2% of men with new erectile dysfunction. The rate of new pad use was 1.8% at 1-2 years and 2.6% at 2-3 years. CONCLUSION A second focal HIFU procedure causes minor detrimental effects on urinary function and EF. These data can be used to counsel patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer prior to considering HIFU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Lovegrove
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Max Peters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Guillaumier
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manit Arya
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK
| | - Naveed Afzal
- Department of Urology, Dorset County Hospital NHS Trust, Dorset, UK
| | - Tim Dudderidge
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Feargus Hosking-Jervis
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G Hindley
- Department of Urology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
| | | | - Neil McCartan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caroline M Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Raj Nigam
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK.,Department of Urology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Chris Ogden
- Department of Academic Urology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Raj Persad
- Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaspal Virdi
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hashim U Ahmed
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Taimur T Shah
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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