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Yarchoan M, Agarwal P, Villanueva A, Rao S, Dawson LA, Llovet JM, Finn RS, Groopman JD, El-Serag HB, Monga SP, Wang XW, Karin M, Schwartz RE, Tanabe KK, Roberts LR, Gunaratne PH, Tsung A, Brown KA, Lawrence TS, Salem R, Singal AG, Kim AK, Rabiee A, Resar L, Hoshida Y, He AR, Ghoshal K, Ryan PB, Jaffee EM, Guha C, Mishra L, Coleman CN, Ahmed MM. Recent Developments and Therapeutic Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 79:4326-4330. [PMID: 31481419 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a major cause of cancer deaths globally. The landscape of systemic therapy has recently changed, with six additional systemic agents either approved or awaiting approval for advanced stage HCC. While these agents have the potential to improve outcomes, a survival increase of 2-5 months remains poor and falls short of what has been achieved in many other solid tumor types. The roles of genomics, underlying cirrhosis, and optimal use of treatment strategies that include radiation, liver transplantation, and surgery remain unanswered. Here, we discuss new treatment opportunities, controversies, and future directions in managing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancer, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Parul Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shuyun Rao
- Department of Surgery, Center for Translational Medicine, George Washington University, Washington D.C
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard S Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California
| | - John D Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Department of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kimberly A Brown
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Riad Salem
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit G Singal
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amy K Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Atoosa Rabiee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Linda Resar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Georgetown University, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patrick B Ryan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancer, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pathology and Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Center for Translational Medicine, George Washington University, Washington D.C.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Research Program, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Molecular Radiation Therapeutics, Radiation Research Program, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
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Bresnahan E, Lindblad KE, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Lujambio A. Mouse Models of Oncoimmunology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5276-5286. [PMID: 32327473 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and incidence is on the rise. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, with a complex etiology and limited treatment options. The standard-of-care treatment for patients with advanced HCC is sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that offers limited survival benefit. In the past years, therapeutic options for the treatment of advanced HCC have increased substantially, including additional multikinase inhibitors as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved in 2017 and 2018, respectively, as second-line treatment in advanced HCC. These drugs, both targeting the programmed death-1 pathway, demonstrate unprecedented results, with objective response rates of approximately 20%. However, the majority of patients do not respond, necessitating the identification of biomarkers of response and resistance to immunotherapy. With the recent success of immunotherapies in oncology, mouse models that better recapitulate the human disease and antitumor immune response are needed. This review lists ongoing clinical trials testing immunotherapy in HCC, briefly discusses the unique immunosuppressive environment of the liver, and then delves into the most applicable current murine model systems to study oncoimmunology within the context of HCC, including syngeneic, genetically engineered, and humanized models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bresnahan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katherine E Lindblad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marina Ruiz de Galarreta
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. .,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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