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Sánchez-Díaz CT, Babel RA, Iyer HS, Goldman N, Zeinomar N, Rundle AG, Omene CO, Pawlish KS, Ambrosone CB, Demissie K, Hong CC, Lovasi GS, Bandera EV, Qin B. Neighborhood Archetypes and Cardiovascular Health in Black Breast Cancer Survivors. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:405-418. [PMID: 38983388 PMCID: PMC11229551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining cardiovascular health (CVH) is critical for breast cancer (BC) survivors, particularly given the potential cardiotoxic effects of cancer treatments. Poor CVH among Black BC survivors may be influenced by various area-level social determinants of health, yet the impact of neighborhood archetypes in CVH among this population remains understudied. Objectives This study aimed to characterize the neighborhood archetypes where Black BC survivors resided at diagnosis and evaluate their associations with CVH. Methods We assessed CVH 24 months post-diagnosis in 713 participants diagnosed between 2012 and 2017 in the Women's Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a population-based study of Black BC survivors in New Jersey. Neighborhood archetypes, identified via latent class analysis based on 16 social and built environment features, were categorized into tertiles. Associations between neighborhood archetypes and CVH scores were estimated using polytomous logistic regression. Results CVH scores were assessed categorically (low, moderate, and optimal) and as continuous variables. On average, Black BC survivors achieved only half of the recommended score for optimal CVH. Among the 4 identified archetypes, women in the Mostly Culturally Black and Hispanic/Mixed Land Use archetype showed the lowest CVH scores. Compared to this archetype, Black BC survivors in the Culturally Diverse/Mixed Land Use archetype were nearly 3 times as likely to have optimal CVH (relative risk ratio: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.58-5.40), with a stronger association observed in younger or premenopausal women. No significant CVH differences were noted for the other 2 archetypes with fewer built environment features. Conclusions Neighborhood archetypes, integrating social and built environment factors, may represent crucial targets for promoting CVH among BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola T Sánchez-Díaz
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Riddhi A Babel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hari S Iyer
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Noreen Goldman
- Office of Population Research, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nur Zeinomar
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Coral O Omene
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karen S Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Chen N, Mita C, Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Shreves AH, Hu CR, Yi L, James P. The built environment and cancer survivorship: A scoping review. Health Place 2024; 86:103206. [PMID: 38387361 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are more than 32 million cancer survivors worldwide. The built environment is one of the contextual factors that may influence cancer survivorship. However, studies investigating the interdisciplinary field of the built environment and cancer survivorship are lacking. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature regarding the relationship between the built environment and cancer survivorship, identify any knowledge gaps, and recommend future research directions. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed by searching OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS Of 4235 unique records identified, 26 studies met eligibility criteria. Neighborhood walkability and greenness were the most examined built environment characteristics among the included studies. Walkability was found to be associated with various cancer survivorship experience, including increased levels of physical activity, lowered body mass index, and improved quality of life. The association between greenness and cancer survivorship outcomes were inconsistent across the included studies. Additionally, studies have reported the relationship between light and noise pollution and sleep among cancer survivors. Regarding blue space, in one qualitative study, breast cancer survivors brought up the healing properties of water. CONCLUSION Our scoping review demonstrated a breadth of current cancer survivorship research in the field of neighborhood walkability and greenness, but fewer studies detailing other aspects of the built environment as defined by this review, such as light pollution, noise pollution, and blue space. We identified future research directions for those interested in this interdisciplinary field, which can provide insights for urban planners and policy makers on how to best leverage the built environment to promote the health and wellbeing of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carol Mita
- Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alaina H Shreves
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cindy R Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, USA
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Liu W, Li B, Liu D, Zhao B, Sun G, Ding J. Obesity correlates with the immunosuppressive ILC2s-MDSCs axis in advanced breast cancer. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1196. [PMID: 38501542 PMCID: PMC10949396 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated the relationship between the group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) axis and obesity-related breast cancer. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with breast cancer who had first relapse and metastasis between January 2019 and August 2021 were enrolled. The proportions of ILC2s and MDSCs in blood and the levels of cytokines in serum were detected with flow cytometry. Correlation analysis among clinical characteristics (such as body mass index [BMI]), cytokines, ILC2s, and MDSCs was conducted. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the proportions of ILC2s and MDSCs between the high BMI group and the normal BMI group (p < .05). In the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, the proportions of ILC2s and MDSCs in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the nonobese group (p < .05). In all breast cancer patients, there was a positive correlation between BMI and the ILC2s-MDSCs axis (p < .05). However, there was no correlation observed between the number of metastases, progression-free survival, and the ILC2s-MDSCs axis (p > .05). Additionally, ILC2s showed positive correlations with MDSCs, interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-10, IL-17A, (PD-L1), programmed cell death 2 ligand 2 (PD-L2), and molecular typing (p < .05). Similarly, MDSCs exhibited positive correlations with IL-5, IL-8, IL-9, IL-17A, PD-L1, and PD-L2 (p < .05). In patients with TNBC, there was a positive correlation between BMI and IL-5 (p < .05). CONCLUSION Conclusively, obesity may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of the ILC2-MDSC axis in advanced breast cancer. IL-5 may play a vital role in the ILC2-MDSC axis and obesity in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Public HealthXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Mammary MedicineAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Third Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of OncologyUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic DiseasesUrumqiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Oncology of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous RegionUrumqiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Mammary MedicineAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Third Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of OncologyUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Mammary MedicineAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Third Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of OncologyUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Mammary MedicineAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Third Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of OncologyUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gang Sun
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Center/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of OncologyUrumqiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic DiseasesUrumqiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
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Gao LJ, Zhu SX, Wei YY, Meng HW, Gu J, Zhang H, Dai LJ. Prognostic, diagnostic and clinicopathological roles of tsRNAs: a meta-analysis in breast cancer. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:35. [PMID: 38185655 PMCID: PMC10773143 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The newly emerged non-coding RNAs tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of BC. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic, diagnostic and clinicopathological roles of tsRNAs in BC. Through literature screening, a total of 13 BC-related tsRNA studies were included in this meta-analysis, all of which passed quality assessment. Prognostic studies showed upregulated tsRNAs to be associated with poor survival outcomes (HR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.51-1.77) and downregulated tsRNAs to be associated with better outcomes (HR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.50-0.68). Results of diagnostic studies showed a combined sensitivity of 72% (95%CI 68-76%) and combined specificity of 64% (95%CI 61-67%); the AUC was 0.72 (95%CI 0.68-0.75) and the DOR 4.62 (95%CI 3.76-5.68). Finally, correlation analysis of clinicopathological features showed that downregulation of tsRNAs correlated significantly with age, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias showed no significant difference. In conclusion, BC-associated tsRNAs are closely related to the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with this disease and can be used to assist in early diagnosis of BC. Therefore, tsRNAs are potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jue Gao
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Xun Zhu
- Jiangyin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiangyin, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Wei Meng
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li-Juan Dai
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Hurtado MD, Tama E, D'Andre S, Shufelt CL. The relation between excess adiposity and breast cancer in women: Clinical implications and management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104213. [PMID: 38008197 PMCID: PMC10843740 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. While the combination of improved screening, earlier detection, and advances in therapeutics has resulted in lower BC mortality, BC survivors are now increasingly dying of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease in the leading cause of non-cancer related mortality among BC survivors. This situation underscores the critical need to research the role of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors, such as excess adiposity, that will affect BC remission, long-term survivorship, and overall health and quality of life. PURPOSE First, this review summarizes the evidence on the connection between adipose tissue and BC. Then we review the data on weight trends after BC diagnosis with a focus on the effect of weight gain on BC recurrence and BC- and non-BC-related death. Finally, we provide a guide for weight management in BC survivors, considering the available data on the effect of weight loss interventions on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Hurtado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elif Tama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey D'Andre
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chrisandra L Shufelt
- Center for Women's Health, Division of General Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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6
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Iyer HS, Zeinomar N, Omilian AR, Perlstein M, Davis MB, Omene CO, Pawlish K, Demissie K, Hong CC, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Qin B. Neighborhood Disadvantage, African Genetic Ancestry, Cancer Subtype, and Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2331295. [PMID: 37647068 PMCID: PMC10469269 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.31295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Racial disparities in breast cancer (BC) survival arise from multilevel causes, which may exert influence at different stages of BC progression. Clarifying the importance of genetic and social factors could help prioritize interventions. Objective To jointly examine associations between African genetic ancestry, social environment, and mortality from any cause and BC in Black BC survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study enrolled self-identified Black women aged 20 to 75 years with histologically confirmed BC from June 2005 to May 2019 and followed them up until death or censoring in September 2021. Participants lived in 10 New Jersey counties. Data were analyzed between December 2022 and April 2023. Exposures A neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) index composed of census tract measures (education, income, wealth, employment status, and occupation) was linked to residential addresses at diagnosis. Percentage African ancestry was estimated using the ADMIXTURE program. Main Outcomes and Measures Sequentially adjusted (age adjusted: age and interview year; fully adjusted: age adjusted with individual SES, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities) logistic regression models were fit to estimate associations with tumor subtypes (estrogen receptor-negative [ER-] vs estrogen receptor-positive [ER+]; triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC] vs luminal A), and Cox models were fit for associations with all-cause mortality (ACM) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM). Models for BCSM were fit using Fine-Gray competing risks models, and robust standard errors were used to account for census tract-level clustering. Results Among 1575 participants, median (IQR) African ancestry was 85% (76%-90%), and median (IQR) age was 55 (46-63) years. A 10-percentage point increase in African ancestry was associated with higher odds of ER- vs ER+ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.18) and TNBC vs luminal (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.31) tumors, but not with ACM or BCSM. A 1-IQR increase in nSES was associated with lower ACM (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93), and the HR for BCSM was less than 1 but not statistically significant (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.04) in age-adjusted models, but associations attenuated following further adjustment for potential mediators (individual SES, lifestyles, comorbidities). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of Black female BC survivors, higher African ancestry was associated with aggressive tumor subtypes. Compared with genetic ancestry, mediating pathways related to social environments may be more important for survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari S. Iyer
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nur Zeinomar
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Angela R. Omilian
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marley Perlstein
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Coral O. Omene
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Karen Pawlish
- Cancer Epidemiology Services, New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bo Qin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Sun H, Yang H, Mao Y. Personalized treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of targeted medicine and bioengineering. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150151. [PMID: 37214451 PMCID: PMC10198383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health burden, causing approximately 8.3 million deaths each year, and it is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a relative 5-year survival rate of around 18%. Due to the advanced stage of diagnosis in most patients, systemic treatment based on targeted therapy has become the only feasible option. Genomic studies have established a profile of molecular alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma with potentially actionable mutations, but these mutations have yet to be translated into clinical practice. The first targeted drug approved for systemic treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma was Sorafenib, which was a milestone. Subsequent clinical trials have identified multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as Lenvatinib, Cabozantinib, and Regorafenib, for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, with survival benefits for the patient. Ongoing systemic therapy studies and trials include various immune-based combination therapies, with some early results showing promise and potential for new therapy plans. Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is complicated by the significant heterogeneity of the disease and its propensity for developing drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to choose a better, individualized treatment plan to benefit patients. Preclinical models capable of preserving in vivo tumor characteristics are urgently needed to circumvent heterogeneity and overcome drug resistance. In this review, we summarize current approaches to targeted therapy for HCC patients and the establishment of several patient-derived preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and how to achieve personalized treatment with the continuous development of targeted therapies and bioengineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huayu Yang
- *Correspondence: Huayu Yang, ; Yilei Mao,
| | - Yilei Mao
- *Correspondence: Huayu Yang, ; Yilei Mao,
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Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00874-5. [PMID: 36001163 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver, is a threat to the health of all humans as a prevalent malignancy and is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It is difficult to diagnose because symptoms do not show up until late in the disease, and patients often progress to the point where transplantation, resection, or even local treatment cannot be performed. The progression of HCC is regulated by the immune system, and immunotherapy enables the body's immune system's defenses to target liver cancer cells; therefore, immunotherapy has brought a new hope for the treatment of HCC. Currently, the main types of immunotherapies for liver cancer are: immune checkpoint inhibitors, liver cancer vaccines and cellular therapies. In this review, the progress of immunotherapy for the treatment of HCC is summarized.
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