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Abstract
Abstract
The review presents current research results for Carbopol-based microgels as yield-stress materials, covering three aspects: chemical, physical and rheological. Such a joint three-aspect study has no analog in the literature. The chemical aspects of Carbopol polymers are presented in terms of a cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid, their molecular structure, microgel formulation, polyacid dissociation and neutralization, osmotic pressure and associated immense microgel swelling. The physical characterization is focused on models of the shear-induced solid-to-liquid transition of microgels, which are formed of mesoscopic particles typical for soft matter materials. Models that describe interparticle effects are presented to explain the energy states of microgel particles at the mesoscale of scrutiny. Typical representatives of the models utilize attributes of jamming dispersions, micromechanical and polyelectrolyte reactions. Selected relationships that result from the models, such as scaling rules and nondimensional flow characteristics are also presented. The rheological part presents the discussion of problems of yield stress in 2D and 3D deformations, appearance and magnitude of the wall slip. The theory and characteristics of Carbopol microgel deformation in rotational rheometers are presented with graphs for the steady-state measurements, stress-controlled oscillation and two types of transient shear deformation. The review is concluded with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Jaworski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Spychaj
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Anna Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Story
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Aleja Piastow 42 , 71-065 , Szczecin , Poland
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Wang J, Song J, Yu B, Jiang S, Wang J, Feng LF. Numerical investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer for Bingham-pseudoplastic fluids in an industrial coiled stirred tank. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the influence of complex rheological properties for Bingham-pseudoplastic fluids on hydrodynamics and heat transfer performance in an industrial polymerization coiled agitated reactor. The fluid rheology was described by the Herschel–Bulkley rheological model. The power consumption obtained by CFD simulation was in good agreement with the plant data. The relationship between the Metzner–Otto constant and power-law index for dual axial flow impellers was investigated. The hydrodynamics strongly depends on the rheological parameters and rotational speed. The flow domain is composed of two parts: the cavern around the impellers, and the stagnant zone adjacent to helical coils and tank wall which resulting in poor mixing and heat transfer performance. With the increase of rotational speed, the stagnant zone could be effectively eliminated, while the heat transfer performance could be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jinxing Song
- Transfar Zhilian Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311231, PR China
| | - Bencheng Yu
- Transfar Zhilian Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311231, PR China
| | - Shuxian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lian-Fang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
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Luan D, Wang Z, Wang H, Wang S, Li L, Chen Y. Determination method of the cavern boundary viscosity in a stirred tank with pseudoplastic fluid. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Luan
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Zhaorui Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Songsong Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Longbin Li
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
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4
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Mixing viscoplastic fluids in stirred vessels over multiple scales: A combined experimental and CFD approach. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Numerical and experimental analyses of a stirred vessel for a large volumetric flow rate of sparged air. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Márquez-Baños VE, De La Concha-Gómez AD, Valencia-López JJ, López-Yáñez A, Ramírez-Muñoz J. Shear rate and direct numerical calculation of the Metzner-Otto constant for a pitched blade turbine. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Effects of turbulence modeling on the prediction of flow characteristics of mixing non-Newtonian fluids in a stirred vessel. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Luan D, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang S, Li L. Formation of heart‐shaped cavern model in stirring pseudoplastic fluid with the impeller of perturbed six‐bend‐blade turbine. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Luan
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Zhaorui Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Songsong Wang
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Longbin Li
- College of Electromechanical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong China
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A new model of cavern diameter based on a validated CFD study on stirring of a highly shear-thinning fluid. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017; 71:1255-1269. [PMID: 28706344 PMCID: PMC5486582 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Results of numerical simulations of momentum transfer for a highly shear-thinning fluid (0.2% Carbopol) in a stirred tank equipped with a Prochem Maxflo T type impeller are presented. The simulation results were validated using LDA data and both tangential and axial force measurements in the laminar and early transitional flow range. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental results of the local fluid velocity components was found. From the predicted and experimental values of both tangential and axial forces, the power number, Po, and thrust number, Th, were also calculated. Values of the absolute relative deviations were below 4.0 and 10.5%, respectively, for Po and Th, which confirms a satisfactory agreement with experiments. An intensive mixing zone, known as cavern, was observed near the impeller. In this zone, the local values of fluid velocity, strain rate, Metzner–Otto coefficient, shear stress and intensity of energy dissipation were all characterized by strong variability. Based on the results of experimental study a new model using non-dimensional impeller force number was proposed to predict the cavern diameter. Comparative numerical simulations were also carried out for a Newtonian fluid (water) and their results were similarly well verified using LDA measurements, as well as experimental power number values.
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Cortada-Garcia M, Dore V, Mazzei L, Angeli P. Experimental and CFD studies of power consumption in the agitation of highly viscous shear thinning fluids. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Valverde MR, Bettega R, Badino AC. Numerical evaluation of mass transfer coefficient in stirred tank reactors with non-Newtonian fluid. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579516060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A, Pakzad L. Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel-Bulkley fluids with coaxial mixers: Applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argang Kazemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Ameur H. Mixing of complex fluids with flat and pitched bladed impellers: Effect of blade attack angle and shear-thinning behaviour. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Ameur H. 3D hydrodynamics involving multiple eccentric impellers in unbaffled cylindrical tank. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Altwasser S, Sperling R, Wollny S, Klatt D. Homogenisieren einer nichtnewtonschen Petrolkoks/Wasser-Suspension mit zweiflügligen Axialrührern. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Xiao Q, Yang N, Zhu J, Guo L. Modeling of cavern formation in yield stress fluids in stirred tanks. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P.R. China
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China
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Kaminoyama M. Review of Visualization of Flow and Dispersion States of Slurry System Fluids in Stirred Vessels. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.13we138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meguru Kaminoyama
- Department of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Tomography images to analyze the deformation of the cavern in the continuous-flow mixing of non-Newtonian fluids. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Patel
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | | | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ameur
- Faculté de Génie Mécanique, Algérie
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21
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Improving the dynamic performance of continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress using Maxblend impeller. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Numerical study of fluid flow and power consumption in a stirred vessel with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller. CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10176-011-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerical study of fluid flow and power consumption in a stirred vessel with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller
The present work deals with agitation of non-Newtonian fluids in a stirred vessel by Scaba impellers. A commercial CFD package (CFX 12.0) was used to solve the 3D hydrodynamics and to characterise at every point flow patterns especially in the region swept by the impeller. A shear thinning fluid with yield stress was modelled. The influence of agitator speed, impeller location and blade size on the fluid flow and power consumption was investigated. The results obtained are compared with available experimental data and a good agreement is observed. It was found that an increase in blade size is beneficial to enlargement of the well stirred region, but that results in an increased power consumption. A short distance between the impeller and the tank walls limits the flow around the agitator and yields higher power consumption. Thus, the precise middle of the tank is the most appropriate position for this kind of impeller.
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Dynamic Performance of Continuous-Flow Mixing of Pseudoplastic Fluids Exhibiting Yield Stress in Stirred Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102388y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
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Prajapati P, Ein-Mozaffari F. CFD Investigation of the Mixing of Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids with Anchor Impellers. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Pakzad L, Ein-Mozaffari F, Chan P. Measuring Mixing Time in the Agitation of Non-Newtonian Fluids through Electrical Resistance Tomography. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Pakzad L, Ein-Mozaffari F, Chan P. Using electrical resistance tomography and computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the formation of cavern in the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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