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Sangaramoorthy M, Koo J, John EM. Intake of bean fiber, beans, and grains and reduced risk of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2131-2144. [PMID: 29573201 PMCID: PMC5943543 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary fiber intake has been associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but few studies considered tumor subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status or included racial/ethnic minority populations who vary in their fiber intake. We analyzed food frequency data from a population-based case-control study, including 2135 breast cancer cases (1070 Hispanics, 493 African Americans, and 572 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs)) and 2571 controls (1391 Hispanics, 557 African Americans, and 623 NHWs). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer associated with fiber intake were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Breast cancer risk associated with high intake (high vs. low quartile) of bean fiber (p-trend = 0.01), total beans (p-trend = 0.03), or total grains (p-trend = 0.05) was reduced by 20%. Inverse associations were strongest for ER-PR- breast cancer, with risk reductions associated with high intake ranging from 28 to 36%. For bean fiber, risk was reduced among foreign-born Hispanics only, who had the highest fiber intake, whereas for grain intake, inverse associations were found among NHWs only. There was no evidence of association with fiber intake from vegetables and fruits or total intake of vegetables and fruits. A high dietary intake of bean fiber and fiber-rich foods such as beans and grains may lower the risk of ER-PR- breast cancer, an aggressive breast cancer subtype for which few risk factors have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of CaliforniaFremontCalifornia94538
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of CaliforniaFremontCalifornia94538
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University School of Medicine StanfordStanfordCalifornia94305
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Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z. Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1383-96. [PMID: 21761132 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively summarize the associations between retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer, and quantitatively estimate their dose-response relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (from January 1982 to 15 March 2011) and the references of the relevant articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals, and comparable categories of vitamins. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. RESULTS Overall, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake, total vitamin A intake reduced the breast cancer risk by 17% (pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.88). Further subgroup analysis based on study design did not change the significant reduction. Although the dietary vitamin A, dietary vitamin E, and total vitamin E intake all reduced breast cancer risk significantly when data from all studies were pooled, the results became nonsignificant when data from cohort studies were pooled. The significant association between total retinol intake and breast cancer in all studies became nonsignificant in case-control studies but remain significant in cohort studies. No significant dose-response relationship was observed in the higher intake of these vitamins with reduced breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that both the total intake of vitamin A and retinol could reduce breast cancer risk. However, associations between other vitamins and breast cancer seem to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Fulan
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157, Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang CX, Ho SC, Cheng SZ, Chen YM, Fu JH, Lin FY. Effect of dietary fiber intake on breast cancer risk according to estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:929-36. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sánchez-Zamorano LM, Flores-Luna L, Angeles-Llerenas A, Romieu I, Lazcano-Ponce E, Miranda-Hernández H, Mainero-Ratchelous F, Torres-Mejía G. Healthy lifestyle on the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:912-22. [PMID: 21335508 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have analyzed the effect of behavioral risk factors such as common lifestyle patterns on the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a healthy lifestyle index on the risk of breast cancer. METHODS A population-based case-control study was conducted in Mexico from 2004 to 2007. One thousand incident cases and 1,074 controls, matched to cases by 5-year age category, region, and health institution, participated in the study. A healthy lifestyle index was developed by means of principal components by using dietary pattern, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess this association. RESULTS The healthy lifestyle index was defined as the combined effect of moderate and/or vigorous-intensity physical activity, low consumption of fat, processed foods, refined cereals, complex sugars, and the avoidance of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Results showed a protective effect on both pre- (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84) and postmenopausal women (OR = O.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.37) when highest versus lowest index quintiles were compared. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduction in the odds of having breast cancer. Primary prevention of this disease should be promoted in an integrated manner. Effective strategies need to be identified to engage women in healthy lifestyles. IMPACT This study is the first to assess a healthy lifestyle index in relation to the risk of breast cancer.
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo perform an evaluation of selected phytochemicals intake and breast cancer (BC) risk in Mexican women.DesignWe conducted hospital-based case–control study.SettingMexico City between 1994 and 1996.SubjectsA total of 141 histologically confirmed BC cases were age-matched (±3 years) to an equal number of hospital controls. The reproductive history of each woman was obtained by direct interview. The dietary consumption of flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, cinnamic acid, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol and coumestrol was obtained by means of a validated FFQ.ResultsAmong postmenopausal women, high dietary intake of flavonols and flavones was associated with a significant reduction of BC risk (high v. low tertile: OR = 0·21, 95 % CI 0·07, 0·60, P for trend = 0·004 and OR = 0·29, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·82, P for trend = 0·025, respectively); consumption of lignans (lariciresinol and pinoresinol) showed a similar effect, but only among premenopausal women (high v. low tertile: OR = 0·32, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·99, P for trend = 0·051 and OR = 0·19, 95 % CI 0·06, 0·62, P for trend = 0·006, respectively).ConclusionsOur results support a protective role of specific dietary phytochemicals in BC risk by menopausal status, independent of other reproductive factors.
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Dorjgochoo T, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Lu W, Ruan Z, Zhen Y, Dai Q, Gu K, Gao YT, Zheng W. Vitamin supplement use and risk for breast cancer: the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 111:269-78. [PMID: 17917808 PMCID: PMC2615487 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of vitamin supplements on breast cancer risk is unclear and the interactive effects of dietary and supplemental sources are unknown. This study investigated (1) the association between self-reported vitamin supplement use (multivitamin, A, B, C, and E) and breast cancer and (2) the combined effect of vitamin supplements in relation to dietary vitamin intakes on breast cancer risk. METHODS The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study was a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai in 1996-1998 (Phase I) and 2002-2004 (Phase II). Participants were aged 25-64 (Phase I) and 20-70 years (Phase II). The analyses included 3,454 incident breast cancer cases and 3,474 controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer risk associated with vitamin supplement use. RESULTS Overall, breast cancer risk was not related to any vitamin supplement intake. However, a 20% reduction in breast cancer risk was observed with vitamin E supplement use among women with low-dietary vitamin E intake (OR = 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-1.0). A non-significant 20% risk reduction was observed among vitamin B supplement users with low B dietary intake (OR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1). Frequent use of a vitamin B supplement was adversely associated with breast cancer risk among those with high dietary vitamin B intake (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9-2.1; P for interaction = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vitamins E and B supplements may confer protection against breast cancer among women who have low dietary intake of those vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Xiao Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixian Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
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Sue Day R, Douglass DL, Maziya-Dixon B. Developing a Nigerian-specific food and nutrient coding database. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Torres-Sánchez L, Chen J, Díaz-Sánchez Y, Palomeque C, Bottiglieri T, López-Cervantes M, López-Carrillo L. Dietary and genetic determinants of homocysteine levels among Mexican women of reproductive age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:691-7. [PMID: 16418743 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the independent and joint effects of dietary folate, vitamin B(12) consumption and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms (677C>T and 1298A>C) on the circulating folate and homocysteine (Hcy) levels among Mexican women of reproductive age. DESIGN A cross-sectional, population-based study. SUBJECTS The first 130 healthy non-pregnant women (aged 16-34 years) who agreed to participate in a reproductive cohort in Morelos, Mexico. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Dietary intakes of vitamin B(12) and folate were estimated using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms were ascertained using the PCR-based method. Serum levels of Hcy and folate were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS Genotype frequencies for the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism were 21.5% (CC), 52.3% (CT) and 26.2% (TT) among Mexican women. Of the population, 22% had the MTHFR 1298AC genotype, while no individual carried the 1298CC genotype. We observed an increased level of Hcy among carriers of the 677TT genotype, compared to carriers of the 677CC genotype. The highest level of Hcy was observed among MTHFR 677TT carriers with low B(12) intake (<2.0 microg/day), which resulted with a significant interaction (P=0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin B(12) is an important determinant of Hcy levels in Mexico. Supplementation of folic acid with vitamin B(12) may be preferable when the MTHFR 677T variant allele is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Reproductive Health, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
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Binukumar B, Mathew A. Dietary fat and risk of breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2005; 3:45. [PMID: 16022739 PMCID: PMC1199629 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-3-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the major public health problems among women worldwide. A number of epidemiological studies have been carried out to find the role of dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer. The main objective of the present communication is to summarize the evidence from various case-control and cohort studies on the consumption of fat and its subtypes and their effect on the development of breast cancer. METHODS A Pubmed search for literature on the consumption of dietary fat and risk of breast cancer published from January 1990 through December 2003 was carried out. RESULTS Increased consumption of total fat and saturated fat were found to be positively associated with the development of breast cancer. Even though an equivocal association was observed for the consumption of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the risk of breast cancer, there exists an inverse association in the case of oleic acid, the most abundant MUFA. A moderate inverse association between consumption of n-3 fatty acids and breast cancer risk and a moderate positive association between n-6 fatty acids and breast cancer risk were observed. CONCLUSION Even though all epidemiological studies do not provide a strong positive association between the consumption of certain types of dietary fat and breast cancer risk, at least a moderate association does seem to exist and this has a number of implications in view of the fact that breast cancer is an increasing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskarapillai Binukumar
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram – 695011 Kerala, India
| | - Aleyamma Mathew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram – 695011 Kerala, India
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Malvezzi M, Bosetti C, Chatenoud L, Rodríguez T, Levi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in cancer mortality in Mexico, 1970–1999. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1712-8. [PMID: 15520076 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data on cancer mortality have been published for Mexico over the last few decades. It is therefore of interest to conduct a systematic and updated analysis of cancer mortality in this country. PATIENTS AND METHODS Age-standardised (world population) mortality rates, at all ages and truncated at age 35-64 years, from major cancers and all cancers combined were computed on the basis of certified deaths derived from the World Health Organization database for the period 1970-99. RESULTS Mortality rates for all neoplasms showed an upward trend in men of all ages (from 58.2/100,000 in 1970-74 to 87.1/100,000 in 1995-99) and in middle-aged men (from 76.1 to 93.7/100,000, respectively). This reflects the rise until the early 1990s in lung cancer mortality (from 8.1/100,000 in 1970-74 to 15.6/100,000 in 1995-99) and prostate cancer (from 5.5 to 12.2/100,000, respectively). In women, overall mortality rates showed an increase between the early 1970s (75.4/100,000) and the late 1990s (82.3/100,000). Total cancer mortality rates remained low, however, compared with other American countries (e.g. 153.3/100,000 men and 108.6/100,000 women in 1999 in the United States). Truncated rates were stable (126.5/100,000 in 1970-74 and 125.8/100,000 in 1995-99), although they were much higher than overall rates, reflecting exceedingly high rates for uterine (mostly cervical) cancer mortality in middle-aged women (29.5/100,000 in 1995-99). CONCLUSIONS Total cancer mortality in Mexico has remained comparably low on a worldwide scale, and the upward trends in mortality rates for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms have tended to level off over the last decade. However, steady rises have been observed for other major cancers, including prostate and breast. Cervical cancer remains a major health problem in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malvezzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article presents an overview of the role of vitamins in the risk, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer, with emphasis on current evidence from English-language articles published since 1 August 2002 and indexed in MEDLINE. RECENT FINDINGS Findings from epidemiologic studies that have evaluated vitamin A and carotenoids in relation to breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. The available data, especially from prospective studies, do not support an association between vitamins E and C and risk of breast cancer. Recent studies suggest that folate plays an important role in the prevention of breast cancer, particularly among women consuming alcohol. Limited data also support a potential role of vitamin D in the prevention of breast cancer. SUMMARY High intake of folate or adequate circulating levels of folate may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Adequate folate levels may be particularly important for women who are at higher risk of breast cancer because of high alcohol consumption. The inverse association between vitamin D and risk of breast cancer needs to be evaluated in more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin M Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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