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Favaron A, Hens B, Camotti Montanha M, McAllister M, Tomaszewska I, Moustafa S, de Oliveira MA, Basit AW, Orlu M. Can in vitro/in silico tools improve colonic concentration estimations for oral extended-release formulations? A case study with upadacitinib. J Control Release 2024; 370:182-194. [PMID: 38641022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Upadacitinib, classified as a highly soluble drug, is commercially marketed as RINVOQ®, a modified-release formulation incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a matrix system to target extended release throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Our study aimed to explore how drug release will occur throughout the GI tract using a plethora of in vitro and in silico tools. We built a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in GastroPlus™ to predict the systemic concentrations of the drug when administered using in vitro dissolution profiles as input to drive luminal dissolution. A series of in vitro dissolution experiments were gathered using the USP Apparatus I, III and IV in presence of biorelevant media, simulating both fasted and fed state conditions. A key outcome from the current study was to establish an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) between (i) the dissolution profiles obtained from the USP I, III and IV methods and (ii) the fraction absorbed of drug as deconvoluted from the plasma concentration-time profile of the drug. When linking the fraction dissolved as measured in the USP IV model, a Level A IVIVC was established. Moreover, when using the different dissolution profiles as input for PBPK modeling, it was also observed that predictions for plasma Cmax and AUC were most accurate for USP IV compared to the other models (based on predicted versus observed ratios). Furthermore, the PBPK model has the utility to extract the predicted concentrations at the level of the colon which can be of utmost interest when working with specific in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Favaron
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Bart Hens
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Mark McAllister
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Irena Tomaszewska
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shaimaa Moustafa
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK..
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK..
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Wang L, Chen J, Chen W, Ruan Z, Lou H, Yang D, Jiang B. In silico prediction of bioequivalence of atorvastatin tablets based on GastroPlus™ software. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:69. [PMID: 38017512 PMCID: PMC10685666 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of intestinal absorption of various drugs based on computer simulations has been a reality. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic simulations and virtual bioequivalence evaluation based on GastroPlus™ have not been found. This study aimed to simulate plasma concentrations with different dissolution profiles and run population simulations to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference products of atorvastation using GastroPlus software. The dissolution profiles of the reference and test products of atorvastatin (20 mg tablets), and clinical plasma concentration-time data of the reference product were used for the simulations. The results showed that the simulated models were successfully established for atorvastatin tablets. Population simulation results indicated that the test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference formulation. The findings suggest that modelling is an essential tool to demonstrating the possibility of pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence for atorvastatin. It will contribute to understanding the potential risks during the development of generic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Anand O, Pepin XJH, Kolhatkar V, Seo P. The Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analyses-in Biopharmaceutics Applications -Regulatory and Industry Perspectives. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1681-1700. [PMID: 35585448 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to support the drug product quality attributes, also known as physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is an evolving field and the interest in using PBBM is increasing. The US-FDA has emphasized on the use of patient centric quality standards and clinically relevant drug product specifications over the years. Establishing an in vitro in vivo link is an important step towards achieving the goal of patient centric quality standard. Such a link can aid in constructing a bioequivalence safe space and establishing clinically relevant drug product specifications. PBBM is an important tool to construct a safe space which can be used during the drug product development and lifecycle management. There are several advantages of using the PBBM approach, though there are also a few challenges, both with in vitro methods and in vivo understanding of drug absorption and disposition, that preclude using this approach and therefore further improvements are needed. In this review we have provided an overview of experience gained so far and the current perspective from regulatory and industry point of view. Collaboration between scientists from regulatory, industry and academic fields can further help to advance this field and deliver on promises that PBBM can offer towards establishing patient centric quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Anand
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Vidula Kolhatkar
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Seo
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Wang W, Ouyang D. Opportunities and challenges of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2100-2120. [PMID: 35452792 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is an important in silico tool to bridge drug properties and in vivo PK behaviors during drug development. Over the recent decade, the PBPK method has been largely applied to drug delivery systems (DDS), including oral, inhaled, transdermal, ophthalmic, and complex injectable products. The related therapeutic agents have included small-molecule drugs, therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids, and even cells. Simulation results have provided important insights into PK behaviors of new dosage forms, which strongly support drug regulation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress in PBPK applications in drug delivery, which shows large opportunities for facilitating drug development. In addition, we discuss the challenges of applying this methodology from a practical viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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In Silico Modeling and Simulation to Guide Bioequivalence Testing for Oral Drugs in a Virtual Population. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1373-1385. [PMID: 34191255 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3) shows great advantages in facilitating drug development. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model is one of the powerful computational approaches of MID3, and the emerging field of virtual bioequivalence is well recognized to be the future of the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Based on the translational link between in vitro, in silico, and in vivo, virtual bioequivalence study can evaluate the similarity and potential difference of pharmacokinetic and clinical performance between test and reference formulations. With the aid of virtual bioequivalence study, the pivotal information of clinical trials can be provided to streamline the development for both new and generic drugs. However, a regulatory framework of virtual bioequivalence study has not reached its full maturity. Therefore, this article aims to present an overview of the current status of bioequivalence study, identify the framework of virtual bioequivalence studies for oral drugs, and also discuss the future opportunities of virtual bioequivalence in supporting the waiver and optimization of in vivo clinical trials.
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Jamei M, Abrahamsson B, Brown J, Bevernage J, Bolger MB, Heimbach T, Karlsson E, Kotzagiorgis E, Lindahl A, McAllister M, Mullin JM, Pepin X, Tistaert C, Turner DB, Kesisoglou F. Current status and future opportunities for incorporation of dissolution data in PBPK modeling for pharmaceutical development and regulatory applications: OrBiTo consortium commentary. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhao L, Kim M, Zhang L, Lionberger R. Generating Model Integrated Evidence for Generic Drug Development and Assessment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:338-349. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and ModelingOffice of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Myong‐Jin Kim
- Division of Quantitative Methods and ModelingOffice of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
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Physiologically based absorption modeling to predict bioequivalence of controlled release and immediate release oral products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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