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Zhao Y, Xu X, Li L, Zheng K, Wang X, Zhang M, Xu Y. Effect of etchant containing an Urushiol monomer from lacquer sap on dentin biostability and bonding performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1251655. [PMID: 37901840 PMCID: PMC10613032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of urushiol as an additive to surface acid etchant on dentin structure, by assessing the biostability of dentin, and determine the bonding strengths of dentin and enamel to the composite in the complicated oral microecology. Methods: Etchants with different concentrations of urushiol (0.5, 1, or 3 wt%) were formulated and tested for their bonding performance. Demineralized dentin beams that were etched with experimental etchants were incubated in simulated body fluid solutions by evaluating the weight decrement after 1 month. The effects of urushiol on dentin and matrix metalloproteinases were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the antibiotic actions of urushiol on the common cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii as well as the biofilm were evaluated, and its effect on bacterial morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, enamel and dentin specimens were prepared from human molars to determine the depth of demineralization by the etchants and the relationship with the resin bond strengths to enamel and dentin (μTBS) and the morphology of the bonding interface. Results: Urushiol could interact with dentine and inhibit collagenase activity, resulting in biostable dentine. The application of the etchants containing 0.5, 1, or 3 wt% urushiol significantly improved the durability of the dentin bonding interface with its instinctive antibacterial property (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Urushiol not only improves dentin stability by interacting with collagen and inactivating MMP activity but also plays a role in the antibacterial effects in the complicated oral microecology. The effectiveness of urushiol etchant prolongs the longevity of bonded dental restorations without compromising clinical operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanwen Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of 15 Different Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Comparison with Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081099. [PMID: 36009966 PMCID: PMC9404727 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based natural compounds (PBCs) are comparatively explored in this study to identify the most effective and safe antibacterial agent/s against six World Health Organization concern pathogens. Based on a contained systematic review, 11 of the most potent PBCs as antibacterial agents are included in this study. The antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of the included PBCs are compared with each other as well as common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and gentamicin). The whole plants of two different strains of Cannabis sativa are extracted to compare the results with sourced ultrapure components. Out of 15 PBCs, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cinnamaldehyde, and carvacrol show promising antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy. The most common antibacterial mechanisms are explored, and all of our selected PBCs utilize the same pathway for their antibacterial effects. They mostly target the bacterial cell membrane in the initial step rather than the other mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species production and targeting [Fe-S] centres in the respiratory enzymes are not found to be significant, which could be part of the explanation as to why they are not toxic to eukaryotic cells. Toxicity and antioxidant tests show that they are not only nontoxic but also have antioxidant properties in Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model.
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Borotová P, Galovičová L, Vukovic NL, Vukic M, Tvrdá E, Kačániová M. Chemical and Biological Characterization of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040558. [PMID: 35214891 PMCID: PMC8880210 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree oil, has many beneficial properties due to its bioactive compounds. The aim of this research was to characterize the tea tree essential oil (TTEO) from Slovakia and its biological properties, which are specific to the chemical composition of essential oil. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy revealed that terpinen-4-ol was dominant with a content of 40.3%. γ-Terpinene, 1,8-cineole, and p-cymene were identified in contents of 11.7%, 7.0%, and 6.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined at 41.6% radical inhibition, which was equivalent to 447 μg Trolox to 1 mL sample. Antimicrobial activity was observed by the disk diffusion method against Gram-positive (G+), Gram-negative (G-) bacteria and against yeasts, where the best antimicrobial activity was against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 10.67 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration showed better susceptibility by G+ and G- planktonic cells, while yeast species and biofilm-forming bacteria strains were more resistant. Antibiofilm activity was observed against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella enterica by MALDI-TOF, where degradation of the protein spectra after the addition of essential oil was obtained. Good biological properties of tea tree essential oil allow its use in the food industry or in medicine as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borotová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Institute of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Nenad L. Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Milena Vukic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Eva Tvrdá
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Institute of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Str., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Yan Y, Jiang N, Liu X, Pan J, Li M, Wang C, Camargo PHC, Wang J. Enhanced Spontaneous Antibacterial Activity of δ-MnO 2 by Alkali Metals Doping. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:788574. [PMID: 35059387 PMCID: PMC8764136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.788574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the widespread use of antibiotics is becoming a serious worldwide public health challenge, which causes antimicrobial resistance and the occurrence of superbugs. In this context, MnO2 has been proposed as an alternative approach to achieve target antibacterial properties on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). This requires a further understanding on how to control and optimize antibacterial properties in these systems. We address this challenge by synthesizing δ-MnO2 nanoflowers doped by magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) ions, thus displaying different bandgaps, to evaluate the effect of doping on the bacterial viability of S. mutans. All these samples demonstrated antibacterial activity from the spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without external illumination, where doped MnO2 can provide free electrons to induce the production of ROS, resulting in the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, it was observed that δ-MnO2 with narrower bandgap displayed a superior ability to inhibit bacteria. The enhancement is mainly attributed to the higher doping levels, which provided more free electrons to generate ROS for antibacterial effects. Moreover, we found that δ-MnO2 was attractive for in vivo applications, because it could nearly be degraded into Mn ions completely following the gradual addition of vitamin C. We believe that our results may provide meaningful insights for the design of inorganic antibacterial nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yan
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mai Li
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunrui Wang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiale Wang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Qi J, Gong M, Zhang R, Song Y, Liu Q, Zhou H, Wang J, Mei Y. Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of tea tree oil on Enterococcus faecalis and biofilm in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114566. [PMID: 34450163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tea tree essential oil (TTO) is extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia by steam distillation. It is well known for its traditional medicinal uses, particularly for the treatment of bruises, insect bites, skin infections, vertigo, convulsions, toothache, and rheumatism. Earlier research has shown that TTO can effectively inhibit oral microorganisms in the root canals. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been considered to be associated with persistent root canal infections and root canal treatment failure. The biofilm of E. faecalis makes it more vigorous, toxic, and resistant to antibiotics. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, our aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of TTO on planktonic E. faecalis and biofilms compared with 0.2% CHX. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the bacteriostatic rate by MTT assay, the antimicrobial time by time-kill assay, and the effects on cell integrity, the biomass, and bacterial activity of E. faecalis biofilms. Finally, we investigated the microstructure changes of E. faecalis biofilms using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS The MIC and MBC values were 0.25% and 0.5%, the bacterial inhibition rate, time-kill was dosage dependent, and TTO can effectively destroy membrane integrity. SEM CLSM images revealed that TTO could reduce bacterial aggregation, biofilm thickness and inhibited biofilm formation. The effect of TTO was the same as that of 0.2% CHX at some specific concentrations. In summary, TTO has the potential to be effective against E. faecalis infections. CONCLUSIONS TTO was able to inhibit E. faecalis by destroying cell membrane, inhibiting the formation of E. faecalis biofilms, and eliminating mature formed biofilms. In this study, TTO has the potential to be further developed as a novel antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Qi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yumeng Song
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Biodegradable Nanofibrous Membranes Incorporated with Antibiofilm Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152457. [PMID: 34372057 PMCID: PMC8347157 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration involves excluding non-osteogenic cells from the surrounding soft tissues and allowing osteogenic cells originating from native bone to inhabit the defect. The aim of this work was to fabricate, analyze antibiofilm activity and evaluate in vivo biological response of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes incorporated with tea tree oil and furan-2(5H)-one. Samples were exposed to Streptococcus mutans culture and after 48 h incubation, biofilm was evaluated by colony forming units (CFU/mL) followed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, seventy-five Balb-C mice were divided into five experimental groups for subcutaneous implantation: tea tree oil loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, furanone loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, neat PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, a commercially available PLGA membrane –Pratix® and Sham (no-membrane implantation). Post implantation period of each experimental group (1, 3 and 9 weeks), samples were collected and processed for by histological descriptive and semiquantitative evaluation. Results showed a significant reduction of bacterial attachment on tea tree oil and furan-2(5H)-one incorporated membranes. Macrophage counts were significant found in all the materials implanted, although giant cells were predominantly associated with electrospun fiber membranes. The incorporation of antibiofilm compounds in nanofibers membranes did not incite inflammatory response significantly different in comparison with pure PLGA electrospun membranes, indicating its potential for development of novel functionalized membranes targeting the inhibition of bacterial biofilms on membrane-grafting materials.
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Lyu X, Wang L, Shui Y, Jiang Q, Chen L, Yang W, He X, Zeng J, Li Y. Ursolic acid inhibits multi-species biofilms developed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105107. [PMID: 33735629 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of ursolic acid (UA) against multi-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii, as well as to measure its biocompatibility. METHODS Crystal violet staining, CFU counting, CCK-8 assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to investigate the effect of UA on multi-species biofilms. UA's effect on exopolysaccharides (EPS) production was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the anthrone-sulfuric acid method. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to visualize and quantify the microbial composition of multi-species biofilms. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of virulence genes of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. gordonii under UA treatment. Moreover, CCK-8 assays were performed to evaluate its cytotoxicity against human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and human gingival epithelial cells (HGEs). RESULTS The results showed that UA had significant antimicrobial activity against common oral streptococci. UA also reduced the EPS synthesis of oral streptococci and suppressed gtf genes' expression. In addition, UA reduced the proportion of S. mutans in multi-species biofilms. Besides, UA had low cytotoxicity against HOKs and HGEs. CONCLUSIONS UA exhibited antibiofilm activity against oral pathogenic bacteria and had the potential to be used in dental caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yusen Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoya He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.
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Kalimuthu S, Cheung BP, Yau JY, Shanmugam K, Solomon AP, Neelakantan P. A Novel Small Molecule, 1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea, Inhibits and Disrupts Multispecies Oral Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1261. [PMID: 32825310 PMCID: PMC7570320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of homeostasis between the microbial communities and the host system leads to dysbiosis in oral micro flora. DMTU (1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea) is a biocompatible compound that was shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm by inhibiting its communication system (quorum sensing). Here, we hypothesized that DMTU is able to inhibit multispecies biofilms. We developed a multispecies oral biofilm model, comprising an early colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, a bridge colonizer Fusobacterium nucleatum, and late colonizers Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We performed comprehensive investigations to demonstrate the effect of DMTU on planktonic cells and biofilms. Our findings showed that DMTU inhibits and disrupts multispecies biofilms without bactericidal effects. Mechanistic studies revealed a significant down regulation of biofilm and virulence-related genes in P. gingivalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of DMTU to inhibit polymicrobial biofilm communities and their virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthini Kalimuthu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (S.K.); (B.P.K.C.); (J.Y.Y.Y.)
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Center of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India;
| | - Becky P.K. Cheung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (S.K.); (B.P.K.C.); (J.Y.Y.Y.)
| | - Joyce Y.Y. Yau
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (S.K.); (B.P.K.C.); (J.Y.Y.Y.)
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Center of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India;
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Center of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India;
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (S.K.); (B.P.K.C.); (J.Y.Y.Y.)
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