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Abd Ellah NH, Helmy AM, Tammam OY, El-Sherif MW, Abouelmagd SA. Dual-responsive in situ gelling polymer matrix for tunable ketamine general anesthesia in experimental animals. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123820. [PMID: 38242258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Animal experimentation is a critical part of the drug development process and pharmaceutical research. General anesthesia is one of the most common procedures. Careful administration and dosing of anesthetics ensure animal safety and study success. However, repeated injections are needed to maintain anesthesia, leading to adverse effects. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is commonly used for inducing anesthesia in animals and suffers from a short half-life requiring repeated dosing. Herein, we report a novel system for controlled anesthesia post-intraperitoneal administration. A polymer solution called "premix" was developed using two stimuli-responsive polymers, Pluronic (PF) and Carbopol (CP). As the premix was mixed with ketamine solution and injected, it underwent in situ gelation, hence controlling ketamine release and anesthesia. The PF and CP concentrations were optimized for the gelation temperature and viscosity upon mixing with the ketamine solution. The optimal premix/ketamine formulation (1.5:1) was liquid at room temperature and gel at physiological conditions with favorable mucoadhesion and rheology. Premix retarded the release of ketamine, translating to tunable anesthesia in vivo. Anesthesia duration and recovery were tunable per ketamine dose with minimal side effects. Therefore, we propose the implementation of PF/CP premix as a vehicle for general anesthesia in animals for optimal duration and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, Naser City 2014101, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Helmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya 61768, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Omar Y Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, Alkharga, New Valley 72511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed W El-Sherif
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Alkharga, New Valley 72511, Egypt.
| | - Sara A Abouelmagd
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Institute for Drug Development and Innovation Research, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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Nair AB, Chaudhary S, Jacob S, Patel D, Shinu P, Shah H, Chaudhary A, Aldhubiab B, Almuqbil RM, Alnaim AS, Alqattan F, Shah J. Intranasal Administration of Dolutegravir-Loaded Nanoemulsion-Based In Situ Gel for Enhanced Bioavailability and Direct Brain Targeting. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020130. [PMID: 36826300 PMCID: PMC9956165 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir's therapeutic effectiveness in the management of neuroAIDS is mainly limited by its failure to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, lipid-based nanovesicles such as nanoemulsions have demonstrated their potential for the brain targeting of various drugs by intranasal delivery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a Dolutegravir-loaded nanoemulsion-based in situ gel and evaluate its prospective for brain targeting by intranasal delivery. Dolutegravir-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared using dill oil, Tween® 80, and Transcutol® P. Optimization of the nanoemulsion particle size and drug release was carried out using a simplex lattice design. Formulations (F1-F7 and B1-B6) were assessed for various pharmaceutical characteristics. Ex vivo permeation and ciliotoxicity studies of selected in situ gels (B1) were conducted using sheep nasal mucosa. Drug targeting to the brain was assessed in vivo in rats following the nasal delivery of B1. The composition of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the dependent variables (particle size and % of drug release in 8 h). Formulation B1 exhibits pharmaceutical characteristics that are ideal for intranasal delivery. The mucosal steady-state flux noticed with BI was significantly greater (p < 0.005) than for the control gel. A histopathology of nasal mucosa treated with BI showed no signs of toxicity or cellular damage. Intranasal administration of B1 resulted in greater Cmax (~six-fold, p < 0.0001) and AUC0-α (~five-fold, p < 0.0001), and decreased Tmax (1 h) values in the brain, compared to intravenous administration. Meantime, the drug level in the plasma was relatively low, suggesting less systemic exposure to Dolutegravir through intranasal delivery. In summary, the promising data observed here signifies the prospective of B1 to enhance the brain targeting of Dolutegravir by intranasal delivery and it could be used as a feasible and practicable strategy for the management of neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
| | - Sunita Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Ankit Chaudhary
- Department of Quality Assurance, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Alqattan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
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