1
|
Robinson K, Parrish R, Adeyemo WL, Beaty TH, Butali A, Buxó CJ, Gowans LJ, Hecht JT, Moreno L, Murray JC, Shaw GM, Weinberg SM, Brand H, Marazita ML, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP, Yang J, Leslie EJ. Genome-wide study of gene-by-sex interactions identifies risks for cleft palate. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.01.24306701. [PMID: 38746184 PMCID: PMC11092717 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.24306701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Structural birth defects affect 3-4% of all live births and, depending on the type, tend to manifest in a sex-biased manner. Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common craniofacial structural birth defects and are often divided into cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP). Previous studies have found sex-specific risks for CL/P, but these risks have yet to be evaluated in CP. CL/P is more common in males and CP is more frequently observed in females, so we hypothesized there would also be sex-specific differences for CP. Using a trio-based cohort, we performed sex-stratified genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on proband sex followed by a genome-wide gene-by-sex (GxS) interaction testing. There were 13 loci significant for GxS interactions, with the top finding in LTBP1 (RR=3.37 [2.04 - 5.56], p=1.93x10 -6 ). LTBP1 plays a role in regulating TGF-B bioavailability, and knockdown in both mice and zebrafish lead to craniofacial anomalies. Further, there is evidence for differential expression of LTBP1 between males and females in both mice and humans. Therefore, we tested the association between the imputed genetically regulated gene expression of genes with significant GxS interactions and the CP phenotype. We found significant association for LTBP1 in cell cultured fibroblasts in female probands (p=0.0013) but not in males. Taken altogether, we show there are sex-specific risks for CP that are otherwise undetectable in a combined sex cohort, and LTBP1 is a candidate risk gene, particularly in females.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abeledo-Machado A, Peña-Zanoni M, Bornancini D, Díaz-Torga G. Revealing Sexual Dimorphism in Prolactin Regulation From Early Postnatal Development to Adulthood in Murine Models. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad146. [PMID: 38045876 PMCID: PMC10690727 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum prolactin (PRL) levels exhibit a gradual rise both in male and female rats from birth to adulthood, with females consistently displaying higher levels compared to age-matched males. This pattern has traditionally been attributed to the development and maturation of endocrine and neuroendocrine networks responsible for regulating PRL synthesis and secretion. However, the effect of dopamine (DA), which acts as an inhibitory factor on lactotroph function, also increases from birth to puberty, particularly in females. Nonetheless, the secretion of PRL remains higher in females compared to males. On the other hand, the observed sex differences in serum PRL levels during early postnatal development cannot be attributed to the influence of estradiol (E2). While serum E2 levels gradually increase after birth, only after 45 days of life do the disparities in E2 levels between females and males become evident. These observations collectively suggest that neither the maturation of hypothalamic DA regulation nor the rise in E2 levels can account for the progressive and sustained elevation in serum PRL levels and the observed sexual dimorphism during postnatal development. This review highlights the importance of recent discoveries in animal models that shed light on inhibitory mechanisms in the control of PRL secretion within the pituitary gland itself, that is intrapituitary mechanisms, with a specific emphasis on the role of transforming growth factor β1 and activins in PRL secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Abeledo-Machado
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Milagros Peña-Zanoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Dana Bornancini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferraris J. Is prolactin receptor signaling a target in dopamine-resistant prolactinomas? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1057749. [PMID: 36714572 PMCID: PMC9877409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1057749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuroendocrine catecholamine dopamine regulates the lactotroph function, including prolactin (PRL) secretion, proliferation, and apoptosis. The treatment of PRL-secreting tumors, formerly known as prolactinomas, has relied mainly on this physiological characteristic, making dopamine agonists the first therapeutic alternative. Nevertheless, the group of patients that do not respond to this treatment has few therapeutical options. Prolactin is another physiological regulator of lactotroph function, acting as an autocrine/paracrine factor that controls PRL secretion and cellular turnover, inducing apoptosis and decreasing proliferation. Furthermore, the signaling pathways related to these effects, mainly JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, and MAPK, have been extensively studied in prolactinomas and other tumors as therapeutic targets. In the present work, the relationship between PRL pathophysiology and prolactinoma development is explored, aiming to comprehend the value of PRL and PRLR-associated pathways as exploratory fields alternative to dopamine-related approaches, which are worth physiological characteristics that might be impaired and can be potentially restored or upregulated to provide more options to the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Ferraris
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abeledo-Machado A, Peña-Zanoni M, Bornancini D, Camilletti MA, Faraoni EY, Marcial A, Rulli S, Alhenc-Gelas F, Díaz-Torga GS. Sex-specific Regulation of Prolactin Secretion by Pituitary Bradykinin Receptors. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6648127. [PMID: 35863039 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the control of prolactin secretion are well documented. Sex-related differences in intrapituitary factors regulating lactotroph function have recently attracted attention. Sex differences in prolactinoma development are well documented in clinic, prolactinomas being more frequent in women but more aggressive in men, for poorly understood reasons. Kallikrein, the enzyme releasing kinins has been found in the pituitary, but there is no information on pituitary kinin receptors and their function. In the present work, we characterized pituitary bradykinin receptors (BRs) at the messenger RNA and protein levels in 2 mouse models of prolactinoma, Drd2 receptor gene inactivation and hCGβ gene overexpression, in both males and females, wild type or genomically altered. BR B2 (B2R) accounted for 97% or more of total pituitary BRs in both models, regardless of genotype, and was present in lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and gonadotrophs. Male pituitaries displayed higher level of B2R than females, regardless of genotype. Pituitary B2R gene expression was downregulated by estrogen in both males and females but only in females by dopamine. Activation of B1R or B2R by selective pharmacological agonists induced prolactin release in male pituitaries but inhibited prolactin secretion in female pituitaries. Increased B2R content was observed in pituitaries of mutated animals developing prolactinomas, compared to their respective wild-type controls. The present study documents a novel sex-related difference in the control of prolactin secretion and suggests that kinins are involved, through B2R activation, in lactotroph function and prolactinoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Abeledo-Machado
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros Peña-Zanoni
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dana Bornancini
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Andrea Camilletti
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Yanil Faraoni
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Marcial
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular de la Reproducción, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Rulli
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular de la Reproducción, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francois Alhenc-Gelas
- INSERM U1138, Universite Paris-Cite, Sorbonne Universite, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Graciela Susana Díaz-Torga
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang X, Ren L, Hou L, Fan H, Wang C, Wang C, Li Y. Paeoniflorin ameliorates antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by attenuating impairment of the dopamine D2 receptor and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and pituitary. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112862. [PMID: 32294507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin, a prominent component in some Chinese formulas for hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders, has been found to inhibit prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells. AIM To examine the efficacy of paeoniflorin on hyperprolactinemia and the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperprolactinemia in female rats was generated by administration of olanzapine (5 mg/kg, by a gavage method, once daily, × 13 weeks). The rats were co-treated with paeoniflorin (10 and 50 mg/kg). Prolactin and TGF-β1 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect in MMQ cells was also examined. RESULTS Paeoniflorin inhibited olanzapine-induced increases in plasma prolactin concentration and prolactin protein overexpression in the pituitary and hypothalamus of rats. Further, paeoniflorin restored olanzapine-induced downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protein expression. More importantly, paeoniflorin attenuated olanzapine-suppressed protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its downstream genes, type II TGF-β receptor, type I TGF-β receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the tissues. However, paeoniflorin did not affect plasma TGF-β1 concentration and hepatic TGF-β1 protein expression. In accord, olanzapine-induced increase in prolactin concentration, upregulation of prolactin protein expression, and downregulation of protein expression of the D2R and TGF-β1 signals in MMQ cells were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that paeoniflorin ameliorates olanzapine-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by attenuating impairment of the D2R and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Our findings may provide evidence to support the use of paeoniflorin-contained Chinese herbs and formulas for hyperprolactinemia and its associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Liying Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lianbing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NSW, 2000 Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens-An Insight From Translational Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062024. [PMID: 32188093 PMCID: PMC7139613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature.
Collapse
|
7
|
Camilletti MA, Abeledo-Machado A, Perez PA, Faraoni EY, De Fino F, Rulli SB, Ferraris J, Pisera D, Gutierrez S, Thomas P, Díaz-Torga G. mPRs represent a novel target for PRL inhibition in experimental prolactinomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:497-510. [PMID: 30856609 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane progesterone receptors are known to mediate rapid nongenomic progesterone effects in different cell types. Recent evidence revealed that mPRα is highly expressed in the rat pituitary, being primarily localized in lactotrophs, acting as an intermediary of P4-inhibitory actions on prolactin secretion. The role of mPRs in prolactinoma development remains unclear. We hypothesize that mPR agonists represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemia treatment. To this end, pituitary expression of mPRs was studied in three animal models of prolactinoma. Expression of mPRs and nuclear receptor was significantly decreased in tumoral pituitaries compared to normal ones. However, the relative proportion of mPRα and mPRβ was highly increased in prolactinomas. Interestingly, the selective mPR agonist (Org OD 02-0) significantly inhibited PRL release in both normal and tumoral pituitary explants, displaying a more pronounced effect in tumoral tissues. As P4 also regulates PRL secretion indirectly, by acting on dopaminergic neurons, we studied mPR involvement in this effect. We found that the hypothalamus has a high expression of mPRs. Interestingly, both P4 and OrgOD 02-0 increased dopamine release in hypothalamus explants. Moreover, in an in vivo treatment, that allows both, pituitary and hypothalamus actions, the mPR agonist strongly reduced the hyperprolactinemia in transgenic females carrying prolactinoma. Finally, we also found and interesting gender difference: males express higher levels of pituitary mPRα/β, a sex that does not develop prolactinoma in these mice models. Taken together, these findings suggest mPRs activation could represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemic patients, especially those that present resistance to dopaminergic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo A Perez
- Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Erika Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana B Rulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutierrez
- Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu B, Mao Z, Jiang X, He D, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wang H. Role of TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated fibrosis in drug resistance mechanism of prolactinoma. Brain Res 2018; 1698:204-212. [PMID: 30055965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas. While dopamine agonists are a primary method of therapeutic treatment, the rate of resistance to these drugs continues to increase each year. During previous long-term clinical investigations, we found that partial resistant prolactinomas exhibited significantly more fibrosis than did sensitive adenomas, suggesting a role of fibrosis in their drug resistance. Furthermore, resistant adenomas with extensive fibrosis mainly express type I and type III collagens. Since TGF-β1 is the key factor in the initiation and development of tissue fibrosis, including in the pituitary, in this study, we aimed to determine whether TGF-β1 mediated fibrosis in prolactinomas and whether fibrosis was related to prolactinoma drug resistance. Using immunochemistry and western blotting, we found that the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway-related proteins were elevated in resistant prolactinoma specimens with high degrees of fibrosis compared to levels in sensitive samples, suggesting that this pathway may play a role in prolactinoma fibrosis. In vitro, TGF-β1 stimulation promoted collagen expression in normal HS27 fibroblasts. Furthermore, the sensitivity of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells to bromocriptine decreased when they were co-cultured with HS27 cells treated with TGF-β1. The TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling-specific inhibitor SB431542 counteracted these effects, indicating that TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated fibrosis was involved in the drug-resistant mechanisms of prolactinomas. These results indicate that SB431542 may serve as a promising novel treatment for preventing fibrosis and further improving the drug resistance of prolactinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Recouvreux MV, Faraoni EY, Camilletti MA, Ratner L, Abeledo-Machado A, Rulli SB, Díaz-Torga G. Sex differences in the pituitary TGFβ1 system: The role of TGFβ1 in prolactinoma development. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 50:118-122. [PMID: 29074127 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most frequent functioning pituitary adenomas, and sex differences in tumor size, behavior and incidence have been described. These differences have been associated with earlier diagnosis in woman, as well as with serum estradiol levels. Experimental models of prolactinomas in rodents also show a higher incidence in females, and recent findings suggest that gender differences in the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) system might be involved in the sex-specific development of prolactinomas in these models. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature supporting the important role of TGFβ1 as a local modulator of pituitary lactotroph function and to provide recent evidence for TGFβ1 involvement in the sex differences found in prolactinoma development in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Recouvreux
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Erika Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Andrea Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Ratner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Abeledo-Machado
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Susana B Rulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, V. Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wierinckx A, Delgrange E, Bertolino P, François P, Chanson P, Jouanneau E, Lachuer J, Trouillas J, Raverot G. Sex-Related Differences in Lactotroph Tumor Aggressiveness Are Associated With a Specific Gene-Expression Signature and Genome Instability. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 30555413 PMCID: PMC6283894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences have been reported in various cancers, in particular men with lactotroph tumors have a worse prognosis than women. While the underlying mechanism of this sexual dimorphism remains unclear, it has been suggested that a lower estrogen receptor alpha expression may drive the sex differences observed in aggressive and malignant lactotroph tumors that are resistant to dopamine agonists. Based on this observation, we aimed to explore the molecular importance of the estrogen pathway through a detailed analysis of the transcriptomic profile of lactotroph tumors from 20 men and 10 women. We undertook gene expression analysis of the selected lactotroph tumors following their pathological grading using the five-tiered classification. Chromosomic alterations were further determined in 13 tumors. Functional analysis showed that there were differences between tumors from men and women in gene signatures associated with cell morphology, cell growth, cell proliferation, development, and cell movement. Hundred-forty genes showed an increased or decreased expression with a minimum 2-fold change. A large subset of those genes belonged to the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, therefore confirming the potent role of this pathway in lactotroph tumor sex-associated aggressiveness. Genes belonging to the X chromosome, such as CTAG2, FGF13, and VEGF-D, were identified as appealing candidates with a sex-linked dysregulation in lactotroph tumors. Through our comparative genomic hybridization analyses (CGH), chromosomic gain, in particular chromosome 19p, was found only in tumors from men, while deletion of chromosome 11 was sex-independent, as it was found in most (5/6) of the aggressive and malignant tumors. Comparison of transcriptomic and CGH analysis revealed four genes (CRB3, FAM138F, MATK, and STAP2) located on gained regions of chromosome 19 and upregulated in lactotroph tumors from men. MATK and STAP2 are both implicated in cell growth and are reported to be associated with the estrogen signaling pathway. Our work confirms the proposed involvement of the estrogen signaling pathway in favoring the increased aggressiveness of lactotroph tumors in men. More importantly, we highlight a number of ER-related candidate genes and further identify a series of target molecules with sex-specific expression that could contribute to the aggressive behavior of lactotroph tumors in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wierinckx
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Wierinckx
| | - Etienne Delgrange
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU UCL Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Chanson
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, UMR S-1185, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Service de Neurochirurgie Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Lachuer
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Trouillas
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Hypophysaires Rares (HYPO), Groupement Hospitalier EST, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Faraoni EY, Camilletti MA, Abeledo-Machado A, Ratner LD, De Fino F, Huhtaniemi I, Rulli SB, Díaz-Torga G. Sex differences in the development of prolactinoma in mice overexpressing hCGβ: role of TGFβ1. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:535-546. [PMID: 28096433 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Female transgenic mice that overexpress the human chorionic gonadotrophin β subunit (hCGβ+) develop prolactinomas, whereas hCGβ+ males do not. The high levels of circulating hCG induce massive luteinization in the ovary of hCGβ+ females, and progesterone becomes the primary steroid hormone produced, but estradiol remains at physiological level. The involvement of high levels of progesterone in lactotroph proliferation is not clearly understood; hence, the pathogenesis of prolactinomas in hCGβ+ females remains unclear. TGFβ1 is an inhibitor of lactotroph function, and the reduced TGFβ1 activity found in prolactinomas has been proposed to be involved in tumor development. The aim of the present work was to study the role of TGFβ1 in the gender-specific development of prolactinomas in hCGβ+ mice. We compared the expression of different components of the pituitary TGFβ1 system in males and females in this model. We found reduced TGFβ1 levels, reduced expression of TGFβ1 target genes, TGFβ1 receptors, Ltbp1, Smad4 and Smad7 in hCGβ+ female pituitaries. However, no differences were found between the transgenic and wild-type male pituitaries. We postulate that decreased pituitary TGFβ1 activity in hCGβ+ females is involved in the development of prolactinomas. In fact, we demonstrated that an in vivo treatment carried out for increasing pituitary TGFβ1 activity, was successful in reducing the prolactinoma development, and the hyperprolactinemia in hCGβ+ females. Moreover, the stronger TGFβ1 system found in males could protect them from excessive lactotroph proliferation. Sex differences in the regulation of the pituitary TGFβ1 system could explain gender differences in the incidence of prolactinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Andrea Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Abeledo-Machado
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura D Ratner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones FarmacológicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery & CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susana B Rulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruskyte K, Liutkevicienė R, Vilkeviciute A, Vaitkiene P, Valiulytė I, Glebauskiene B, Kriauciuniene L, Zaliuniene D. MMP-14 and TGFβ-1 methylation in pituitary adenomas. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3013-3017. [PMID: 27698891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the most common abnormalities in the sellar region. Despite the fact that PA is a benign monoclonal neoplasm, it can cause serious complications, including ophthalmological, neurological and endocrinological abnormalities. Currently, the causes that increase the progression of tumors are unknown. Epigenetic silencing of the matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) genes may be associated with the development of PA, since these genes are important in the processes of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the methylation status of the MMP-14 and TGFβ-1 promoters is associated with PA development. In the present study, 120 tissue samples of PA were used. The methylation status of the MMP-14 and TGFβ-1 promoters was investigated by methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between the methylation status, age and gender of PA patients, PA tumoral activity, recurrence and invasiveness. The MMP-14 gene was methylated in 30.00% (17/56 functioning and 19/64 non-functioning) of patients with PA, while the TGFβ-1 gene was methylated in 13.33% (9/56 functioning and 7/64 non-functioning) of patients with PA. It was also observed that promoter methylation of MMP-14 correlated with the male gender (58.8 vs. 35.7%, P=0.022), while unmethylated (non-silenced) MMP-14 correlated with the female gender (64.3 vs. 41.7%, P=0.027). Associations between the promoter methylation status of the MMP-14 and TGFβ-1 genes and PA functioning or recurrence were not identified. The present study reveals that silencing of the MMP-14 gene correlates with patients' gender. However, MMP-14 and TGFβ-1 promoter methylation cannot be considered as a prognostic marker in PAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornelija Ruskyte
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkevicienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania; Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Vaitkiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Indre Valiulytė
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Glebauskiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania; Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Zaliuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brooker SM, Bond AM, Peng CY, Kessler JA. β1-integrin restricts astrocytic differentiation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Glia 2016; 64:1235-51. [PMID: 27145730 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored. We show that β1-integrin expression in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) is localized to radial NSCs and early progenitors, but is lost in more mature progeny. Although NSCs in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) normally only infrequently differentiate into astrocytes, deletion of β1-integrin significantly enhanced astrocyte differentiation. Ablation of β1-integrin also led to reduced neurogenesis as well as depletion of the radial NSC population. Activation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in cultured adult NSCs from β1-integrin knockout mice reduced astrocyte differentiation, suggesting that at least some of the inhibitory effects of β1-integrin on astrocytic differentiation are mediated through ILK. In addition, β1-integrin conditional knockout also resulted in extensive cellular disorganization of the SGZ as well as non-neurogenic regions of the DG. The effects of β1-integrin ablation on DG structure and astrogliogenesis show sex-specific differences, with the effects following a substantially slower time-course in males. β1-integrin thus plays a dual role in maintaining the adult hippocampal NSC population by supporting the structural integrity of the NSC niche and by inhibiting astrocytic lineage commitment. GLIA 2016;64:1235-1251.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brooker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Allison M Bond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recouvreux MV, Camilletti MA, Rifkin DB, Díaz-Torga G. The pituitary TGFβ1 system as a novel target for the treatment of resistant prolactinomas. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R73-83. [PMID: 26698564 PMCID: PMC4760866 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most frequently observed pituitary adenomas and most of them respond well to conventional treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs). However, a subset of prolactinomas fails to respond to such therapies and is considered as DA-resistant prolactinomas (DARPs). New therapeutic approaches are necessary for these tumors. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a known inhibitor of lactotroph cell proliferation and prolactin secretion, and it partly mediates dopamine inhibitory action. TGFβ1 is secreted to the extracellular matrix as an inactive latent complex, and its bioavailability is tightly regulated by different components of the TGFβ1 system including latent binding proteins, local activators (thrombospondin-1, matrix metalloproteases, integrins, among others), and TGFβ receptors. Pituitary TGFβ1 activity and the expression of different components of the TGFβ1 system are regulated by dopamine and estradiol. Prolactinomas (animal models and humans) present reduced TGFβ1 activity as well as reduced expression of several components of the TGFβ1 system. Therefore, restoration of TGFβ1 inhibitory activity represents a novel therapeutic approach to bypass dopamine action in DARPs. The aim of this review is to summarize the large literature supporting TGFβ1 important role as a local modulator of pituitary lactotroph function and to provide recent evidence of the restoration of TGFβ1 activity as an effective treatment in experimental prolactinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Recouvreux
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of MedicineCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USADepartment of Cell BiologyNew York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of MedicineCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USADepartment of Cell BiologyNew York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - M Andrea Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of MedicineCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USADepartment of Cell BiologyNew York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Daniel B Rifkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of MedicineCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USADepartment of Cell BiologyNew York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina ExperimentalConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of MedicineCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USADepartment of Cell BiologyNew York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|