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Lepechkin-Zilbermintz V, Bareket D, Gonnord V, Steffen A, Morice C, Michaut M, Munder A, Korshin EE, Contreras JM, Cerasi E, Sasson S, Gruzman A. Moderately lipophilic 2-(Het)aryl-6-dithioacetals, 2-phenyl-1,4-benzodioxane-6-dithioacetals and 2-phenylbenzofuran-5-dithioacetals: Synthesis and primary evaluation as potential antidiabetic AMPK-activators. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 87:117303. [PMID: 37167713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1950's, AMP-kinase (AMPK) has been used as a promising target for the development of antidiabetic drugs against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Indeed, the canonical antidiabetic drug metformin recruits, at least partially, AMPK activation for its therapeutic effect. Herein we present design and synthesis of 20 novel relatively polar cyclic and acyclic dithioacetals of 2-(Het)arylchroman-6-carbaldehydes, 2-phenyl-1,4-benzodioxane-6-carbaldehyde, and 2-phenylbenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde, which were developed as potential AMPK activators. Three of the synthesized dithioacetals demonstrated significant enhancement (≥70%) of glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Noteworthy, one of the dithioacetals, namely 4-(6-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)chroman-2-yl)pyridine, exhibited high potency comparing to other molecules. It increased the rate of glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes and augmented insulin secretion from rat INS-1E cells in pharmacological relevant concentrations (up to 2 μM). Both effects were mediated by activation of AMPK. In addition, the compound showed excellent pharmacokinetic profile in healthy mice, including maximal oral bioavailability. Such bifunctionality (increased glucose uptake and insulin secretion) can be used as a starting point for the development of a novel class of antidiabetic drugs with dual activity that is relevant for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Bareket
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Virginie Gonnord
- PRESTWICK CHEMICAL, 220 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandre Steffen
- PRESTWICK CHEMICAL, 220 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Morice
- PRESTWICK CHEMICAL, 220 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Mathieu Michaut
- PRESTWICK CHEMICAL, 220 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Anna Munder
- RECIPHARM Israel Ltd., 9 Hamzamara Str., 7404709, Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Edward E Korshin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Erol Cerasi
- The Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Myers TD, Palladino MJ. Newly discovered roles of triosephosphate isomerase including functions within the nucleus. Mol Med 2023; 29:18. [PMID: 36721084 PMCID: PMC9890696 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is best known as a glycolytic enzyme that interconverts the 3-carbon sugars dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). TPI is an essential enzyme that is required for the catabolism of DHAP and a net yield of ATP from anaerobic glucose metabolism. Loss of TPI function results in the recessive disease TPI Deficiency (TPI Df). Recently, numerous lines of evidence suggest the TPI protein has other functions beyond glycolysis, a phenomenon known as moonlighting or gene sharing. Here we review the numerous functions ascribed to TPI, including recent findings of a nuclear role of TPI implicated in cancer pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey D Myers
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Effects of High Glucose on Human Endothelial Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020189. [PMID: 36830559 PMCID: PMC9952903 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A diabetogenic state induced by spaceflight provokes stress and health problems in astronauts. Microgravity (µg) is one of the main stressors in space causing hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying molecular pathways and synergistic effects of µg and hyperglycaemia are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of high glucose on EA.hy926 endothelial cells in simulated µg (s-µg) using a 3D clinostat and static normogravity (1g) conditions. After 14 days of cell culture under s-µg and 1g conditions, we compared the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis-related genes and proteins through qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated via TUNEL staining. Gene interactions were examined via STRING analysis. Our results show that glucose concentrations had a weaker effect than altered gravity. µg downregulated the ECM gene and protein expression and had a stronger influence on glucose metabolism than hyperglycaemia. Moreover, hyperglycaemia caused more pronounced changes in 3D cultures than in 2D cultures, including bigger and a greater number of spheroids, upregulation of NOX4 and the apoptotic proteins NF-κB and CASP3, and downregulation of fibronectin and transglutaminase-2. Our findings bring new insights into the possible molecular pathways involved in the diabetogenic vascular effects in µg.
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Langlois A, Dumond A, Vion J, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Crosstalk Communications Between Islets Cells and Insulin Target Tissue: The Hidden Face of Iceberg. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836344. [PMID: 35185804 PMCID: PMC8851682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin secretion is under control of a complex inter-organ/cells crosstalk involving various metabolites and/or physical connections. In this review, we try to illustrate with current knowledge how β-cells communicate with other cell types and organs in physiological and pathological contexts. Moreover, this review will provide a better understanding of the microenvironment and of the context in which β-cells exist and how this can influence their survival and function. Recent studies showed that β-cell insulin secretion is regulated also by a direct and indirect inter-organ/inter-cellular communication involving various factors, illustrating the idea of "the hidden face of the iceberg". Moreover, any disruption on the physiological communication between β-cells and other cells or organs can participate on diabetes onset. Therefore, for new anti-diabetic treatments' development, it is necessary to consider the entire network of cells and organs involved in the regulation of β-cellular function and no longer just β-cell or pancreatic islet alone. In this context, we discuss here the intra-islet communication, the β-cell/skeletal muscle, β-cell/adipose tissue and β-cell/liver cross talk.
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