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Junker A, Wang J, Gouspillou G, Ehinger JK, Elmér E, Sjövall F, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Molina AJA, Ferrucci L, Picard M. Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22146. [PMID: 35073429 PMCID: PMC9885138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited organelles that play critical tissue-specific roles, including hormone synthesis and energy production, that influence human development, health, and aging. However, whether mitochondria from women and men exhibit consistent biological differences remains unclear, representing a major gap in knowledge. This meta-analysis systematically examined four domains and six subdomains of mitochondrial biology (total 39 measures), including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Standardized effect sizes (Hedge's g) of sex differences were computed for each measure using data in 2258 participants (51.5% women) from 50 studies. Only two measures demonstrated aggregate binary sex differences: higher mitochondrial content in women's WAT and isolated leukocyte subpopulations (g = 0.20, χ2 p = .01), and higher ROS production in men's skeletal muscle (g = 0.49, χ2 p < .0001). Sex differences showed weak to no correlation with age or BMI. Studies with small sample sizes tended to overestimate effect sizes (r = -.17, p < .001), and sex differences varied by tissue examined. Our findings point to a wide variability of findings in the literature concerning possible binary sex differences in mitochondrial biology. Studies specifically designed to capture sex- and gender-related differences in mitochondrial biology are needed, including detailed considerations of physical activity and sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Cung S, Pyle L, Nadeau K, Dabelea D, Cree-Green M, Davis SM. In-vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in Klinefelter syndrome. J Investig Med 2022; 70:104-107. [PMID: 34493629 PMCID: PMC8712372 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) occurs in 1 in 600 males, resulting in testosterone deficiency and a high prevalence of insulin resistance. Testosterone deficiency in men is a known cause of insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction is hypothesized to mediate this relationship. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate muscle mitochondrial function in XXY compared with male controls. Twenty-seven boys with XXY (age 14.7±1.8 years) were compared with 87 controls (age 16.9±0.9). In-vivo calf muscle mitochondrial function was assessed via phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) following 90 s of isometric 70% maximal exercise. Multiple linear regression was used to compare 31P-MRS outcomes (ADP and phosphocreatine (PCr) time constants, rate of oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and Qmax or the maximal mitochondrial function relative to mitochondrial density) between groups after adjusting for age differences. There were no statistically significant differences in the mitochondrial outcomes of ADP, Oxphos, PCr, and Qmax between the groups. There were also no differences in a sensitivity analysis within the XXY group by testosterone treatment status. In this study, in-vivo postexercise skeletal muscle mitochondrial function does not appear to be impaired in adolescents with XXY compared with controls and is not significantly different by testosterone treatment status in XXY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cung
- University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristin Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA.,Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Shanlee M. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA.,eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic and Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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Tommerdahl KL, Baumgartner K, Schäfer M, Bjornstad P, Melena I, Hegemann S, Baumgartner AD, Pyle L, Cree-Green M, Truong U, Browne L, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JEB, Nadeau KJ. Impact of Obesity on Measures of Cardiovascular and Kidney Health in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes as Compared With Youth With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:795-803. [PMID: 33402367 PMCID: PMC7896261 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and obesity are independently associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and are known risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney diseases, the leading causes of death in T1D. We evaluated the effect of BMI on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in youth with T1D versus control youth with normal weight or obesity and youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pubertal youth (n = 284) aged 12-21 years underwent assessments of resting heart rate (RHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), leptin, hs-CRP, adiponectin, ratio of urine albumin to creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Participants with T1D underwent bicycle ergometry for VO2peak, monitoring for peripheral brachial artery distensibility (BAD), endothelial function testing for reactive hyperemic index, and aortic MRI for central arterial stiffness or shear. RESULTS In adolescents with T1D, RHR, SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure, leptin, hs-CRP, and hypertension prevalence were significantly higher, and BAD, descending aorta pulse wave velocity, and VO2peak lower with an obese versus normal BMI. Although hypertension prevalence and RHR were highest in obese adolescents with T1D and adiponectin lowest in youth with T2D, other measures were similar between obese adolescents with T1D and those with T2D. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, now increasingly prevalent in people with T1D, correlates with a less favorable cardiovascular and kidney risk profile, nearly approximating the phenotype of youth with T2D. Focused lifestyle management in youth-onset T1D is critically needed to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie L Tommerdahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Karl Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michal Schäfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Isabella Melena
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shannon Hegemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy D Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Uyen Truong
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Lorna Browne
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO .,Center for Women's Health Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Cree-Green M, Wiromrat P, Stuppy JJ, Thurston J, Bergman BC, Baumgartner AD, Bacon S, Scherzinger A, Pyle L, Nadeau KJ. Muscle Insulin Resistance in Youth with Obesity and Normoglycemia is Associated with Altered Fat Metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:2046-2054. [PMID: 31659873 PMCID: PMC6897373 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to phenotype and compare adipose, hepatic, and muscle insulin sensitivity (IS) in a diet- and physical activity-controlled cohort of normoglycemic youth with obesity with that of participants without obesity (controls) to distinguish early metabolic abnormalities in pediatric obesity. METHODS Thirty-eight participants (17 in the control group [BMI < 85th percentile] and 21 youth with obesity [BMI ≥ 95th percentile]; age: 12-21 years; 76% female; Tanner stage 4-5; sedentary) were enrolled. Tissue-specific IS was measured using a four-phase hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with glucose and glycerol isotope tracers to assess suppression of endogenous glucose release and lipolysis by insulin. Intramyocellular lipid content was assessed by 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and visceral fat were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Calf-muscle mitochondrial activity was measured with exercise-stimulated 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Youth with obesity had higher HFF (P < 0.001), visceral fat (P = 0.024), and intramyocellular lipid content (P = 0.017) and lower muscle (glucose clearance rate [P < 0.001]), adipose (P < 0.0001), and hepatic IS (P < 0.003). Mitochondria postexercise response was not different. In participants with obesity, muscle IS inversely correlated with HFF (r = 0.700, P = 0.002) and suppressed free fatty acid concentrations (r = -0.65, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Inactive normoglycemic youth with obesity had decreased muscle, adipose, and hepatic IS. Free fatty acids and liver fat were inversely associated with muscle IS, which argues for lipid-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Pattara Wiromrat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob J. Stuppy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jessica Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy D. Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Samantha Bacon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ann Scherzinger
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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5
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Cree-Green M, Carreau AM, Rahat H, Garcia-Reyes Y, Bergman BC, Pyle L, Nadeau KJ. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolomic profile during fasting and hyperinsulinemia in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E707-E718. [PMID: 30753112 PMCID: PMC6580169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00532.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and altered muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. IR in adults with obesity and diabetes is associated with changes in amino acid, free fatty acid (FFA), and mitochondrial acylcarnitine (AC) metabolism. We sought to determine whether these metabolites are associated with IR and/or androgens in youth-onset PCOS. We enrolled obese girls with PCOS [ n = 15, 14.5 yr (SD 1.6), %BMI 98.5 (SD 1.0)] and without PCOS [ n = 6, 13.2 yr (SD 1.2), %BMI 98.0 (SD 1.1)]. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Untargeted metabolomics of plasma was performed while fasting and during hyperinsulinemia. Fasting arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were higher ( P < 0.04 for all but P < 0.001 for valine), as were glutamine and histidine during hyperinsulinemia ( P < 0.03). Higher valine during hyperinsulinemia was associated with IR ( r = 0.59, P = 0.006). Surprisingly, end-clamp AC C4 was lower in PCOS, and lower C4 was associated with IR ( r = -0.44, P = 0.04). End-clamp FFAs of C14:0, C16:1, and C18:1 were higher in PCOS girls, and C16:1 and C18:1 strongly associated with IR ( r = 0.73 and 0.53, P < 0.01). Free androgen index related negatively to short-, medium-, and long-chain AC ( r = -0.41 to -0.71, P < 0.01) but not FFA or amino acids. Obese girls with PCOS have a distinct metabolic signature during fasting and hyperinsulinemia. As in diabetes, IR related to valine and FFAs, with an unexpected relationship with AC C4, suggesting unique metabolism in obese girls with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Haseeb Rahat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
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Lin H, Xing W, Li Y, Xie Y, Tang X, Zhang Q. Downregulation of serum long noncoding RNA GAS5 may contribute to insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:784-788. [PMID: 29648472 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1459548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease that affects reproductive-aged women and mostly characterized by insulin resistance (IR). The underlying mechanism remains unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in various levels of biological regulation process of cell development, metabolism, and differentiation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between IR and differential expression of lncRNA Growth-arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in patients' serum with and without PCOS. A total of 76 cases of serum was collected from non-PCOS and PCOS patients with and without IR to measure interleukin-18 (IL-18) and GAS5 expression, which were correlated with IR status. The IL-18 concentration in serums was significantly increased in PCOS patients with IR. GAS5 expression was decreased in serums in PCOS patients with IR. Result of correlation analysis shows that there is a negative association between GAS5 expression and homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). GAS5 was yielded the ROC curve (AUC). Our study implied that elevated IL-18 expression and downregulation of GAS5 in serums might contribute to IR in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lin
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weijie Xing
- b Reproductive Center , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu Li
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanxin Xie
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoshi Tang
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingxue Zhang
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Vriens A, Plusquin M, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Loots I, Nelen V, Schoeters G, Janssen BG, Nawrot TS. Cord blood leptin and insulin levels in association with mitochondrial DNA content. J Transl Med 2018; 16:224. [PMID: 30103773 PMCID: PMC6090601 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The developmental origins of health and disease theory states that a disturbance in the early life environment can contribute to disease risk in later life. Leptin and insulin are anorectic hormones involved in energy homeostasis and are crucial for foetal growth. Disturbances in the levels of these hormones contribute to obesity and diabetes. In adults, altered mitochondrial function is an important hallmark of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. However, the mitochondrial effects of early life metabolic variation are unexplored. We investigated whether there is an association between metabolic hormones and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in early life. Methods The study included 236 newborns from the FLEHS III birth cohort, Flanders (Belgium). Relative mtDNA content of cord blood leukocytes was determined using quantitative PCR. Cord blood levels of leptin and insulin were determined using immunoassays. We studied the association between these metabolic hormones and mtDNA content using multiple linear regression models, while accounting for covariates and potential confounders. Results Leptin and insulin levels were positively associated with cord blood mtDNA content. mtDNA content was respectively 4.49% (95% CI 1.15–7.93; p = 0.008) and 1.60% (95% CI 0.31–2.91; p = 0.02) higher for a interquartile range increase of respectively cord blood leptin and insulin levels. In a sensitivity analysis, we observed that insulin and leptin were independently associated to mtDNA content and that insulin was stronger associated to mtDNA content in boys than in girls. Conclusion Neonatal metabolic hormones were associated with cord blood mtDNA content, which suggests that in early life the variation of mtDNA content might accommodate or reflect changes in the metabolic status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1599-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Loots
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO-Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,School of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
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8
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Du C, Zhang C, Wu W, Liang Y, Wang A, Wu S, Zhao Y, Hou L, Ning Q, Luo X. Circulating MOTS-c levels are decreased in obese male children and adolescents and associated with insulin resistance. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1058-1064. [PMID: 29691953 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A novel bioactive peptide, mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c), has recently attracted attention as a potential prevention or therapeutic option for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MOTS-c profiles have not yet been reported in human obesity and T2DM. We aimed to determine circulating MOTS-c levels in obesity and explore the association between MOTS-c levels and various metabolic parameters. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 obese children and adolescents (27 males) and 57 controls (40 males) were recruited in the Hubei Province of China in 2017. Circulating MOTS-c levels were measured, clinical data (eg, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile) were recorded, and anthropometric measurements were performed. Finally, we investigated correlations between MOTS-c levels and related variables. RESULTS MOTS-c levels were significantly decreased in the obese group compared with the control group (472.61 ±22.83 vs 561.64 ±19.19 ng/mL, P <.01). After classification by sex, MOTS-c levels were significantly decreased in obese male children and adolescents compared to their counterparts (465.26 ±24.53 vs 584.07 ±21.18 ng/mL, P <.001), while they were comparable between the obese and healthy female subjects (487.89 ±49.77 vs 508.85 ±38.76 ng/mL, P >.05). Further, MOTS-c levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), BMI SD score, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the male cohort. CONCLUSIONS Circulating MOTS-c levels were decreased in obese male children and adolescents and correlated with markers of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cree-Green M, Rahat H, Newcomer BR, Bergman BC, Brown MS, Coe GV, Newnes L, Garcia-Reyes Y, Bacon S, Thurston JE, Pyle L, Scherzinger A, Nadeau KJ. Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Mitochondria Dysfunction in Nonobese Girls With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:931-944. [PMID: 29264544 PMCID: PMC5686696 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obese girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have decreased insulin sensitivity (IS), muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and increased liver fat, which may contribute to their increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Less is known regarding normal-weight girls with PCOS. Methods: Normal-weight girls with PCOS [n =18, age 15.9 ± 1.8 years, body mass index (BMI) percentile 68 ± 18] and normal-weight controls (NWC; n = 20; age 15.0 ± 2.1 years, BMI percentile 60 ± 21) were studied. Tissue-specific IS was assessed with a four-phase hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with isotope tracers and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Hepatic fat was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Postexercise muscle mitochondrial function was assessed with 31P MR spectroscopy. Results: Both groups had similar demographics, anthropomorphics, physical attributes, habitual physical activity levels and fasting laboratory values, except for increased total testosterone and DHEAS in PCOS. Clamp-assessed peripheral IS was lower in PCOS (10.4 ± 2.4 mg/kg/min vs 12.7 ± 2.1; P = 0.024). The 120-minute OGTT insulin and glucose concentrations were higher in PCOS (114 IU/mL ± 26 vs 41 ± 25, P = <0.001 and 119 ± 22 mg/dL vs 85 ± 23, P = 0.01, respectively). Muscle mitochondrial ADP and phosphocreatine time constants were slower in PCOS. Despite a higher percentage liver fat in PCOS, hepatic IS was similar between groups, as was adipose IS. Conclusions: Normal-weight girls with PCOS have decreased peripheral IS and muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal glucose disposal, relative postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and increased hepatic fat compared to NWC. Despite a normal BMI, multiple aspects of metabolism appear altered in normal-weight girls with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Haseeb Rahat
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Bradley R Newcomer
- Deptartment of Physics, James Madison University, Harrisburg, Virginia 22807
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mark S Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Gregory V Coe
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Lindsey Newnes
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Samantha Bacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Jessica E Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ann Scherzinger
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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