1
|
Wu XW, Feng QL, Xie YF, Song SC, Cheng B, Ma Y, Li Q, Ji X, Li XL, Cao G, Xiao WL. Diverse diterpenoids from Callicarpa rubella Lindl. As natural inhibitors of macrophage foam cell formation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113748. [PMID: 37286023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed diterpenoids namely rubellawus E-N of structural types pimarane (1, 3-4), nor-abietane (2), nor-pimarane (5-6), isopimarane (7-9), and nor-isopimarane (10), along with eleven known compounds, were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Callicarpa rubella Lindl. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical computations. Pharmacologically, almost all the compounds exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that these compounds may be promising candidates in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Qian-Lang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Si-Chen Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China.
| | - Guang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva de Carvalho V, Melo Lima KM, Calandrini de Azevedo LF, Panarra Ferreira Gomes das Neves PA, Borges RDS, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. New derivative of trans-dehydrocrotonin isolated from Croton cajucara shows reduced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Toxicon 2022; 220:106940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Potential of Diterpenes as Antidiabetic Agents: Evidence from Clinical and Pre-Clinical Studies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106158. [PMID: 35272043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenes are a diverse group of structurally complex natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antidiabetic potential. In the last 25 years, numerous diterpenes have been investigated for antidiabetic activity, with some of them reaching the stage of clinical trials. However, these studies have not been comprehensively reviewed in any previous publication. Herein, we critically discussed the literature on the potential of diterpenes as antidiabetic agents, published from 1995 to September, 2021. In the period under review, 427 diterpenes were reported to have varying degrees of antidiabetic activity. Steviol glycosides, stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2), were the most investigated diterpenes with promising antidiabetic property using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human subjects. All the tested pimaranes consistently showed good activity in preclinical evaluations against diabetes. Inhibitions of α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) activities and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ) agonistic property, were the most frequently used assays for studying the antidiabetic activity of diterpenes. The molecular mechanisms of action of the diterpenes include increased GLUT4 translocation, and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent signaling pathways. Our data revealed that diterpenes hold promising antidiabetic potential. Stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2) are the only diterpenes that were advanced to the clinical trial stage of the drug discovery pipeline. Diterpenes belonging to the abietane, labdane, pimarane and kaurane class have shown promising activity in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes and should be further investigated.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jünior SFP, Conserva LM, Filho JMB. Clerodane Diterpenes from Croton Species: Distribution and a Compilation of their 13C NMR Spectral Data. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a review of the literature of clerodane diterpenes from Croton species. It contains a compilation of 13C NMR data of 83 of these diterpenoids and their biological activities. This review covers a period from 1969 to October 2005 and 224 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia M. Conserva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió–AL, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-970, João Pessoa–PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kozioł A, Grela E, Macegoniuk K, Grabowiecka A, Lochyński S. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing monoterpenoids with antibacterial activity. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1074-1079. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1548456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kozioł
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Cosmetology, Wrocław College of Physiotherapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Grela
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Macegoniuk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowiecka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Lochyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Cosmetology, Wrocław College of Physiotherapy, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kozioł A, Frątczak J, Grela E, Szczepanik M, Gabryś B, Dancewicz K, Lochyński S. Synthesis and biological activity of new derivatives with the preserved carane system. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1399-1403. [PMID: 30427737 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1512992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoid derivatives, which contain a preserved carane system in their structure, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Among them, we can distinguish insecticides, structures with pharmacological application etc. In the presented paper, the substrate - (-)-cis-caran-trans-4-ol was transformed using the reactions of typical organic synthesis to obtain novel derivatives. Most importantly, bromolactone ((-)-(1R,4R,6S)-2'-(bromomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethylspiro[bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3,3'-furan]-5'(4'H)-one) with the preserved carane system was synthesized. This bromolactone was tested for antifeedant activity against the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, and peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae). In addition, its moderate antibacterial activity was observed against the Bacillus subtilis strain (with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of 200 µg/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kozioł
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.,Institute of Cosmetology, Academy of Physiotherapy in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Frątczak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Grela
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maryla Szczepanik
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Stanisław Lochyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.,Institute of Cosmetology, Academy of Physiotherapy in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vinayagam KS, Khan HBH, Keerthiga G, Palanivelu S, Panchanatham S. Hypolipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in high cholesterol fed hypercholesterolemic rats. Chin J Integr Med 2012. [PMID: 23212575 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn nut milk extract (SA) in high cholesterol fed hyperlipidemic rat model. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups which included control animals, hypercholesterolemic animals, hypercholesterolemic animals treated with SA (200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil), and drug control rats. Lipid levels in serum and liver, and lipid metabolising enzymes were determined after treatment. RESULTS: High cholesterol diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the lipid levels in serum and liver and altered the activities of lipid metabolising enzymes. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in plasma and liver lipid levels were observed whereas the drug ameliorated the activities of lipid metabolising enzymes in drug treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: SA demonstrated remarkable hypolipidemic activity in high cholesterol fed hypercholesterolemic rats. The potential antihyperlipidemic action is plausibly due to its underlying antioxidant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaladevi Siddhi Vinayagam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PG. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caruzo MBR, van Ee BW, Cordeiro I, Berry PE, Riina R. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of the “sacaca” clade: Novel relationships of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 60:193-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Rabelo AFL, Guedes MM, da Rocha Tomé A, Lima PR, Maciel MA, de Sousa Lira SR, da Silva Carvalho AC, Santos FA, Rao VS. Vitamin E Ameliorates High Dose trans-Dehydrocrotonin-Associated Hepatic Damage in Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
trans-Dehydrocrotonin ( t-DCTN), the diterpenoid from Croton cajucara Bentham, exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, but in high doses is associated with a discrete hepatotoxicity. In the search for measures to mitigate this, pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E has been examined. Mice that received a high dose t-DCTN (100 mg/kg) manifested hepatic damage, as evidenced by significant elevations in serum ALT and AST, and hepatic GSH, and histological alterations, which could be obliterated by pretreatment with vitamin E, but not with N-acetylcysteine, possibly by creating an effective antioxidant balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana Fontales Lima Rabelo
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Moreira Guedes
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Rocha Tomé
- Post-Graduation Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rodrigues Lima
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Maciel
- Department of Chemistry, CCS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silveria Regina de Sousa Lira
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla da Silva Carvalho
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva RM, Oliveira FA, Cunha KMA, Maia JL, Maciel MAM, Pinto AC, Nascimento NRF, Santos FA, Rao VSN. Cardiovascular effects of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a diterpene from Croton cajucara in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2005; 43:11-8. [PMID: 15975531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established the gastroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects of trans-dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN), a major diterpene isolated from the Amazon medicinal plant Croton cajucara. This study aims to examine the potential effects of t-DCTN on hemodynamic parameters that include resting arterial blood pressure and heart rate in vivo, and on left atrial force, spontaneous beating atria, and aortic rings of rats in vitro. Intravenous bolus injections of t-DCTN (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) to urethane anesthetized normotensive rats reduced the mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. The hypotensive effect of t-DCTN (10 mg/kg) appears not mediated through effects on the muscarinic cholinergic receptor, beta-adrenoceptor, or ganglionic blockade, for it was not affected by atropine, propranolol, or hexamethonium but was abolished by N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. The diterpene t-DCTN showed no significant influence on inotropism. In isolated rat aortic rings with intact or denuded endothelium, t-DCTN relaxed the tonic contraction induced by phenylephrine (1 microM). Its vasorelaxant effect seen at smaller concentrations in endothelium intact preparations was, however, abolished in endothelium denuded or in l-NAME treated tissues. These data indicate the hypotensive and bradycardia effects of t-DCTN, possibly related in part to the release of nitric oxide and in part to direct effects on vascular smooth muscle, and cardiac pacemaker activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regilane M Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, FM, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Caixa Postal-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bighetti EJB, Souza-Brito ARM, de Faria EC, Oliveira HCF. Chronic treatment with bark infusion fromCroton cajucaralowers plasma triglyceride levels in genetic hyperlipidemic mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 82:387-92. [PMID: 15381962 DOI: 10.1139/y04-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous infusion and preparations containing dehydrocrotonin (DHC) and essential oil from Croton cajucara bark were tested for plasma lipid-lowering effects in genetically modified hyperlipidemic mice. Two mouse models were tested: 1) primary hypercholesterolemia resulting from the LDL-receptor gene knockout, and 2) combined hyperlipidemia resulting from crosses of LDL-receptor knockout mice with transgenic mice overexpressing apolipo protein (apo) CIII and cholesteryl ester-transfer protein. Mice treated with bark infusion, DHC, essential oil, or placebos for 25 days showed no signals of toxicity as judged by biochemical tests for liver and kidney functions. The bark infusion reduced triglyceride plasma levels by 40%, while essential oil and DHC had no significant effects on plasma lipid levels. The bark infusion treatment promoted a redistribution of cholesterol among the lipoprotein fractions in combined hyperlipidemic mice. There was a marked reduction in the VLDL fraction and an increase in the HDL fraction, in such a way that the (VLDL + LDL)/HDL ratio was reduced by half. The bark infusion treatment did not modify cholesterol distribution in hypercholesterolemic mice. In conclusion, C. cajucara bark infusion reduced plasma triglycerides levels and promoted a redistribution of cholesterol among lipoproteins in genetically combined hyperlipidemic mice. These changes modify risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic diseases.Key words: hyperlipidemia, transgenic mice, Croton cajucara, dehydrocrotonin, cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliete J B Bighetti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
do Socorro S Rosa MDSS, Mendonça-Filho RR, Bizzo HR, de Almeida Rodrigues I, Soares RMA, Souto-Padrón T, Alviano CS, Lopes AHCS. Antileishmanial activity of a linalool-rich essential oil from Croton cajucara. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1895-901. [PMID: 12760864 PMCID: PMC155815 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.6.1895-1901.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro leishmanicidal effects of a linalool-rich essential oil from the leaves of Croton cajucara against Leishmania amazonensis were investigated. Morphological changes in L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with 15 ng of essential oil per ml were observed by transmission electron microscopy; leishmanial nuclear and kinetoplast chromatin destruction, followed by cell lysis, was observed within 1 h. Pretreatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with 15 ng of essential oil per ml reduced by 50% the interaction between these macrophages and L. amazonensis, with a concomitant increase by 220% in the level of nitric oxide production by the infected macrophages. Treatment of preinfected macrophages with 15 ng of essential oil per ml reduced by 50% the interaction between these cells and the parasites, which led to a 60% increase in the amount of nitric oxide produced by the preinfected macrophages. These results provide new perspectives on the development of drugs with activities against Leishmania, as linalool-rich essential oil is a strikingly potent leishmanicidal plant extract (50% lethal doses, 8.3 ng/ml for promastigotes and 8.7 ng/ml for amastigotes) which inhibited the growth of L. amazonensis promastigotes at very low concentrations (MIC, 85.0 pg/ml) and which presented no cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro S do Socorro S Rosa
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, R.J., 219491-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lochyński S, Frąckowiak B, Librowski T, Czarnecki R, Grochowski J, Serda P, Pasenkiewicz-Gierula M. Stereochemistry of terpene derivatives. Part 3: Hydrolytic kinetic resolution as a convenient approach to chiral aminohydroxyiminocaranes with local anaesthetic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|