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Mahalak KK, Bobokalonov J, Firrman J, Williams R, Evans B, Fanelli B, Soares JW, Kobori M, Liu L. Analysis of the Ability of Capsaicin to Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota In Vitro. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061283. [PMID: 35334939 PMCID: PMC8950947 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on capsaicin, the bioactive compound in chili peppers, have shown that it may have a beneficial effect in vivo when part of a regular diet. These positive health benefits, including an anti-inflammatory potential and protective effects against obesity, are often attributed to the gut microbial community response to capsaicin. However, there is no consensus on the mechanism behind the protective effect of capsaicin. In this study, we used an in vitro model of the human gut microbiota to determine how regular consumption of capsaicin impacts the gut microbiota. Using a combination of NextGen sequencing and metabolomics, we found that regular capsaicin treatment changed the structure of the gut microbial community by increasing diversity and certain SCFA abundances, particularly butanoic acid. Through this study, we determined that the addition of capsaicin to the in vitro cultures of the human gut microbiome resulted in increased diversity of the microbial community and an increase in butanoic acid. These changes may be responsible for the health benefits associated with CAP consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karley K. Mahalak
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600E Mermaid Lane, Montgomery, PA 19038, USA; (J.B.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-836-6922
| | - Jamshed Bobokalonov
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600E Mermaid Lane, Montgomery, PA 19038, USA; (J.B.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600E Mermaid Lane, Montgomery, PA 19038, USA; (J.B.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Russell Williams
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; (R.W.); (B.E.)
| | - Bradley Evans
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; (R.W.); (B.E.)
| | - Brian Fanelli
- CosmosID Inc., 1600 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Middlesex, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan;
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600E Mermaid Lane, Montgomery, PA 19038, USA; (J.B.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
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Debray D, Rainteau D, Barbu V, Rouahi M, Mourabit HE, Lerondel S, Rey C, Humbert L, Wendum D, Cottart CH, Dawson P, Chignard N, Housset C. Defects in gallbladder emptying and bile Acid homeostasis in mice with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator deficiencies. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1581-91.e6. [PMID: 22370478 PMCID: PMC3579557 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have poorly defined defects in biliary function. We evaluated the effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) deficiency on the enterohepatic disposition of bile acids (BAs). METHODS Bile secretion and BA homeostasis were investigated in Cftr(tm1Unc) (Cftr-/-) and CftrΔF508 (ΔF508) mice. RESULTS Cftr-/- and ΔF508 mice did not grow to normal size, but did not have liver abnormalities. The gallbladders of Cftr-/- mice were enlarged and had defects in emptying, based on (99m)technetium-mebrofenin scintigraphy or post-prandial variations in gallbladder volume; gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin-8 was normal. Cftr-/- mice had abnormal gallbladder bile and duodenal acidity, and overexpressed the vasoactive intestinal peptide-a myorelaxant factor for the gallbladder. The BA pool was larger in Cftr-/- than wild-type mice, although there were no differences in fecal loss of BAs. Amounts of secondary BAs in portal blood, liver, and bile of Cftr-/- mice were much lower than normal. Expression of genes that are induced by BAs, including fibroblast growth factor-15 and BA transporters, was lower in the ileum but higher in the gallbladders of Cftr-/- mice, compared with wild-type mice, whereas enzymes that synthesize BA were down-regulated in livers of Cftr-/- mice. This indicates that BAs underwent a cholecystohepatic shunt, which was confirmed using cholyl-(Ne-NBD)-lysine as a tracer. In Cftr-/- mice, cholecystectomy reversed most changes in gene expression and partially restored circulating levels of secondary BAs. The ΔF508 mice overexpressed vasoactive intestinal peptide and had defects in gallbladder emptying and in levels of secondary BAs, but these features were less severe than in Cftr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Cftr-/- and CftrΔF508 mice have defects in gallbladder emptying that disrupt enterohepatic circulation of BAs. These defects create a shunt pathway that restricts the amount of toxic secondary BAs that enter the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Debray
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Hépato-Gastroentérologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, ERL U1057/UMR 7203, Paris, France,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Biochimie, Hépato-Gastroentérologie & Anatomo-Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Barbu
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Biochimie, Hépato-Gastroentérologie & Anatomo-Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Rouahi
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Colette Rey
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, ERL U1057/UMR 7203, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Biochimie, Hépato-Gastroentérologie & Anatomo-Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Cottart
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,Université Paris Descartes, EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Paul Dawson
- Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicolas Chignard
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 and INSERM, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Biochimie, Hépato-Gastroentérologie & Anatomo-Pathologie, Paris, France
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Fisher JT, Zhang Y, Engelhardt JF. Comparative biology of cystic fibrosis animal models. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 742:311-34. [PMID: 21547741 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-120-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of human diseases are critical for dissecting mechanisms of pathophysiology and developing therapies. In the context of cystic fibrosis (CF), mouse models have been the dominant species by which to study CF disease processes in vivo for the past two decades. Although much has been learned through these CF mouse models, limitations in the ability of this species to recapitulate spontaneous lung disease and several other organ abnormalities seen in CF humans have created a need for additional species on which to study CF. To this end, pig and ferret CF models have been generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer and are currently being characterized. These new larger animal models have phenotypes that appear to closely resemble human CF disease seen in newborns, and efforts to characterize their adult phenotypes are ongoing. This chapter will review current knowledge about comparative lung cell biology and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biology among mice, pigs, and ferrets that has implications for CF disease modeling in these species. We will focus on methods used to compare the biology and function of CFTR between these species and their relevance to phenotypes seen in the animal models. These cross-species comparisons and the development of both the pig and the ferret CF models may help elucidate pathophysiologic mechanisms of CF lung disease and lead to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Fisher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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CFTR expression but not Cl- transport is involved in the stimulatory effect of bile acids on apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in human pancreatic duct cells. Pancreas 2009; 38:921-9. [PMID: 19752774 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181b65d34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low doses of chenodeoxycholate (CDC) stimulate apical anion exchange and HCO3(-) secretion in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells (Gut. 2008;57:1102-1112). We examined the effects of CDC on intracellular pH (pHi), intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), and apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity in human pancreatic duct cells and determined whether any effects were dependent on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and Cl(-) channel activity. METHODS Polarized CFPAC-1 cells (expressing F508del CFTR) were transduced with Sendai virus constructs containing complementary DNAs for either wild-type CFTR or beta-galactosidase. Microfluorimetry was used to record pHi and [Ca(2+)]i and apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity. Patch clamp experiments were performed on isolated guinea pig duct cells. RESULTS Chenodeoxycholate induced a dose-dependent intracellular acidification and a marked increase in [Ca(2+)]i in CFPAC-1 cells. CFTR expression slightly reduced the rate of acidification but did not affect the [Ca(2+)]i changes. Luminal administration of 0.1 mmol/L of CDC significantly elevated apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange activity but only in cells that expressed CFTR. However, CDC did not activate CFTR Cl(-) conductance. CONCLUSIONS Bile salts modulate pHi, [Ca(2+)]i, and apical anion exchange activity in human pancreatic duct cells. The stimulatory effect of CDC on anion exchangers requires CFTR expression but not CFTR channel activity.
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Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have a long established role in fat digestion in the intestine by acting as tensioactives, due to their amphipathic characteristics. BAs are reabsorbed very efficiently by the intestinal epithelium and recycled back to the liver via transport mechanisms that have been largely elucidated. The transport and synthesis of BAs are tightly regulated in part by specific plasma membrane receptors and nuclear receptors. In addition to their primary effect, BAs have been claimed to play a role in gastrointestinal cancer, intestinal inflammation and intestinal ionic transport. BAs are not equivalent in any of these biological activities, and structural requirements have been generally identified. In particular, some BAs may be useful for cancer chemoprevention and perhaps in inflammatory bowel disease, although further research is necessary in this field. This review covers the most recent developments in these aspects of BA intestinal biology.
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Rohacova J, Marin ML, Martínez-Romero A, O'Connor JE, Gomez-Lechon MJ, Donato MT, Castell JV, Miranda MA. Photophysical characterization and flow cytometry applications of cholylamidofluorescein, a fluorescent bile acid scaffold. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:860-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b806366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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