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Zhang RH, Cao SS, Shi Y, Wang X, Shi LL, Zhang YH, Han CJ, Wang B, Feng L, Liu JP. Astragaloside IV-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress by upregulation of ghrelin in type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2637-2650. [PMID: 37097336 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This study is to observe the upregulation effect of astragaloside IV on ghrelin in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) rats and to investigate the pathway in prevention and treatment by reducing oxidative stress. The DCI model was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in conjunction with a high-fat and high-sugar diet and divided into three groups: model, low-dose (40 mg/kg), and high-dose (80 mg/kg) astragaloside IV. After 30 days of gavage, the learning and memory abilities of rats, as well as their body weight and blood glucose levels, were tested using the Morris water maze and then detection of insulin resistance, SOD activity, and serum MDA levels. The whole brain of rats was sampled for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining to observe pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ghrelin expression in the hippocampal CA1 region. A Western blot was used to determine changes in GHS-R1α/AMPK/PGC-1α/UCP2. RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of ghrelin mRNA. Astragaloside IV reduced nerve damage, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased MDA levels, and improved insulin resistance. Ghrelin levels and expression increased in serum and hippocampal tissues, and ghrelin mRNA levels increased in rat stomach tissues. According to Western blot, it increased the expression of the ghrelin receptor GHS-R1α and upregulated the mitochondrial function associated-protein AMPK-PGC-1α-UCP2. Astragaloside IV increases ghrelin expression in the brain to reduce oxidative stress and delay diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. It may be related to the promotion of ghrelin mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People's Republic of China.
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Pharmacological Mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9007396. [PMID: 35140802 PMCID: PMC8820867 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus (AM, family: Leguminosae) exerts significant therapeutic effect on gastric ulcer (GU); however, there are scarce studies on its molecular mechanism against GU. This study aims to explore the key ingredients, key targets, and potential mechanisms of AM in the treatment of GU by utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS Several public databases were used to predict the targets of AM and GU, respectively, and the drug and disease targets were intersected to obtain the common targets. Next, the key ingredients and key targets were identified by constructing ingredient-target network and protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network. Gene Ontology biological processes (GOBP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the common targets in order to ascertain the biological processes and signaling pathways involved. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to verify the binding affinity between the key ingredients and key targets. RESULTS A total of 552 predicted targets were obtained from 23 screened active ingredients, of which 203 targets were the common targets with GU. Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were identified as the key ingredients by constructing ingredient-target network, and TP53, AKT1, VEGFA, IL6, TNF, CASP3, and EGFR were selected as the key targets by constructing PPI network. GOBP and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the therapeutic effect of AM on GU involved multiple biological processes and signaling pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Molecular docking validation demonstrated that all key ingredients had good binding affinity with the key targets. CONCLUSION This study revealed the key ingredients, key targets, and potential mechanisms of AM against GU, and these data may provide some crucial references for subsequent research and development of drugs for treating GU.
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TANG Z, WANG Y, HUANG Y. Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits apoptosis and inflammation to alleviate chronic atrophic gastritis through NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi WANG
- Xiaochang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Yan HUANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
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Gastroprotective Effect of Juanislamin on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Sulfhydryl Groups in the Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092246. [PMID: 32397642 PMCID: PMC7248697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease, the most common gastrointestinal disorder, is currently treated with several types of drugs, but all have severe side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of juanislamin, isolated from Calea urticifolia, in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Thirty minutes after orally administering a given dose of juanislamin (from 1 to 30 mg/kg) or carbenoxolone (the reference drug, at 1–100 mg/kg) to rats, 1 mL of ethanol was applied, and the animals were sacrificed 2 h later. The stomachs were removed and opened to measure the total area of lesions in each. To examine the possible participation of prostaglandins, nitric oxide and/or sulfhydryl groups in the mechanism of action of juanislamin, the rats received indomethacin, NG-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) or N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment, respectively, before being given juanislamin and undergoing the rest of the methodology. Juanislamin inhibited gastric lesions produced by ethanol in a non-dose-dependent manner, showing the maximum gastroprotective effect (100%) at 10 mg/kg. The activity of juanislamin was not modified by pretreatment with indomethacin, l-NAME or N-ethylmaleimide. In conclusion, juanislamin protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced damage, and its mechanism of action apparently does not involve prostaglandins, nitric oxide or sulfhydryl groups.
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Somensi LB, Costa P, Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Longo B, Magalhães CG, Duarte LP, Maciel E Silva AT, de Souza P, de Andrade SF, da Silva LM. Gastroprotective properties of Lupeol-derived ester: Pre-clinical evidences of Lupeol-stearate as a potent antiulcer agent. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 321:108964. [PMID: 32006539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol (1) was isolated from hexane branch extract of Maytenus salicifolia and the Lupeol stearate (2), Lupeol palmitate (3), Lupeol myristate (4), Lupeol laurate (5) and Lupeol caprylate (6) were obtained reacting 1 with an adequate carboxylic acid. Swiss mice were treated with vehicle, carbenoxolone or Lupeol esters before administration of ethanol/HCl or indomethacin. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), sulfhydryl compounds (NP-SH), α-2 adrenergic receptors (α2-AR) and prostaglandins (PGE) in antiulcer effects was investigated using appropriate inhibitors or antagonist. Oxidative and inflammatory parameters were measured after euthanasia and anti-secretory effects was evaluated in pylorus-ligated rats. Ethanol/HCl ulcerated the gastric mucosa by 64.45 ± 6.58 mm2, which the oral treatment with 1, 4 and 6 (10 mg/kg), and 3 and 5 (30 mg/kg) reduced the lesion area. Interestingly, 2 reduced the gastric ulcer by oral route in a potent and dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 0.40 mg/kg), which was accompanied by the increase in reduced glutathione levels and by the reduction of lipids peroxidation and myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, 2 (0.1 mg/kg) also prevented the ulcerogenesis by intraperitoneal route. The participation of NO, NP-SH, α2-AR and PGE in 2-mediated gastroprotection was confirmed. In indomethacin-induced ulcer, 2 (1 mg/kg, p.o) also reduced the ulcer area and increased the PGE2 levels. However, 2 did not alter the gastric acid secretion. Therefore, these findings indicate that the obtention of 2 potentiated the antiulcer activity of 1 and that this compound can elicit gastroprotective action due a diversified mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Philipe Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Longo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Cássia Gonçalves Magalhães
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucenir Pain Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Aline Teixeira Maciel E Silva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
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Gastroprotective Effects of Paeonia Extract Mixture HT074 against Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3546258. [PMID: 30906413 PMCID: PMC6398042 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3546258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Paeonia extract mixture HT074 is a standardized multiherbal mixture comprising extracts from Inula britannica flowers and Paeonia lactiflora roots, which are used to treat digestive disorders in traditional Korean medicine. This study was focused on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the gastroprotective effects of HT074 in different gastric ulcer models. Methods Gastric lesions were induced in rats by an HCl/EtOH solution, water immersion-restraint stress (WIRS), and indomethacin. Gastric secretions were studied in pylorus-ligated rats, while mucus secretions were assessed by measuring alcian blue-binding capacity of mucus in the rat model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds in HT074-mediated mucosal protection was elucidated using their inhibitors, i.e., NG-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), respectively. Furthermore, the effects on indomethacin-induced cell death and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were assessed in AGS cells. Results Oral administration of HT074 significantly decreased gastric lesions induced by HCl/EtOH, WIRS, and indomethacin. Furthermore, it significantly decreased the volume, acidity, and total acidity of gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats and increased the alcian blue-stained gastric mucus in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Pretreatment with NEM abolished the gastroprotective effects of HT074, while L-NAME did not. In AGS cells, HT074 significantly reduced indomethacin-induced cell death and increased the PGE2 levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that HT074 has gastroprotective effects against various ulcerogens, including HCl/EtOH, immersion stress, and NSAIDs. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of gastric secretions and preservation of the gastric mucosal barrier by increased mucus production, which is partially mediated through endogenous sulfhydryl compounds and PGE2. Based on these findings, we propose that HT074 may be a promising therapeutic agent for gastritis and gastric ulcer.
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Mata R, Figueroa M, Navarrete A, Rivero-Cruz I. Chemistry and Biology of Selected Mexican Medicinal Plants. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 108:1-142. [PMID: 30924013 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are an integral element of alternative medical care in Mexico, and the best testimony to their efficacy and cultural value is their persistence in contemporary Mexican marketplaces where the highest percentages of medicinal and aromatic plants are sold. This chapter summarizes current trends in research on medicinal plants in Mexico, with emphasis on work carried out at the authors' laboratories. The most relevant phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of a selected group of plants used widely for treating major national health problems are described.From this contribution, it is evident that in the last five decades a significant amount of research on medicinal plants has been performed by Mexican scientists. Such efforts have led to the publication of many research papers in noted peer-reviewed journals and technical books. The isolation and structural characterization of hundreds of bioactive secondary metabolites have been accomplished, and most importantly, these studies have tended to support the ethnomedical uses of many different species. A multidisciplinary approach for investigating these plants has led to an increased emphasis on areas such as phytopharmacology, phytotoxicology, quality control, regulation, and conservation issues for these valuable resources. The medicinal plants analyzed so far have shown a very broad chemical diversity of their constituents, which have a high potential for exhibiting novel mechanistic effects biologically. The chapter shows also that there is need to conduct additional clinical studies on herbal drugs, in particular because the longstanding traditional evidence for their safety is not always sufficient to assure their rational use. There is also need to move to "omics" approaches for investigating the holistic effect and the influence of groups of phytochemicals on the whole organism. Mexican scientists may be expected to have bright prospects in this regard, which will imbue medicinal plant research with a new dynamism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mata
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Fan DD, Lin S, Song YP, Wang ZY, Liu B, Gao SN, Fan YH, Zhu S, Li S, Jiang L. Astragaloside IV protects rat gastric mucosa against aspirin-induced damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:47-55. [PMID: 27816726 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (Asp) is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug, but the long-term usage of Asp can lead to severe gastrointestinal damage. Thus the co-administering of Asp with another drug that can suppress its side effect while having no impact on its anti-inflammatory activity would be ideal. Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) is a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has been shown to protect rat gastric mucosa from anhydrous ethanol-inflicted damage. In this study, we investigated whether AST-IV could protect rat gastric mucosa against Asp-induced gastric mucosal damage. Wistar rats administered 150mg/kg Asp showed significant damage to the gastric mucosa, as revealed by gastric damage score and histological evaluation. However, this was largely abolished by co-administering Asp and 25mg/kg or 50mg/kg AST-IV. The protective mechanism of AST-IV involved the suppression of Asp-induced inhibition of cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) expression, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production. AST-IV blocked Asp-induced inhibition of SOD activity through preventing Asp from inhibiting the expression of SOD-1, both at the mRNA and protein levels. AST-IV did not appear to interfere with the anti-inflammatory activity of Asp since COX-2 level in model gastritis rats treated with Asp plus AST-IV was equally suppressed as in model gastritis rats treated with Asp alone. The results clearly showed that AST-IV could neutralize the toxicity of Asp while having no impact on its anti-inflammatory activity. AST-IV could therefore be considered as a potential drug for relieving the side effect associated with the long-term usage of Asp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Sai-Nan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Mao S, Yang G, Li W, Zhang J, Liang H, Li J, Zhang M. Gastroprotective Effects of Astragaloside IV against Acute Gastric Lesion in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148146. [PMID: 26845156 PMCID: PMC4742075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protection of the gastric mucosa from acute lesions induced by various irritants is a pertinent issue in the field of critical care medicine. In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective effects of astragaloside IV on acute gastric lesions in rats under stressful conditions. Methods Rats were randomized into six groups. Group 1 and 2 received 10% Tween 80 (vehicle). Group 3 received 20 mg/kg of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received astragaloside IV at concentration of 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg, respectively. As a means to induce gastric lesions, Groups 2–6 were subjected to water immersion and restraint stress for 12 hours after treatment. Results Our present studies show that compared to rats in group 2, treatment with 1 to 50 mg/kg astragaloside IV significantly decreased the size of gastric lesions, MDA, TNFα and MCP1 levels, in addition to normalizing gastric pH, gastric mucus and SOD levels (P<0.05). Histomorphological examination confirmed that treatment with astragaloside IV elicited a dosage-dependent protective effect on the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, pretreatment with astragaloside IV resulted in significant elevations in HSP70 and reduction in Bax, along with over-expression of PLCγ response level, which was further confirmed via immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusions The acute gastric lesions induced are attenuated by pretreatment with astragaloside IV which is possibly due to the enhancing of the expression of HSP70 with concomitant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Winny Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Ave., Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hailong Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Road Dade, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Road Jichang, Guangzhou 510405, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhong L, Zhang Y, Chi R, Yu J. Optimization of Microwave-assisted Ethanol Reflux Extraction Process of Flavonoids and Saponins Simultaneously from Radix Astragali Using Response Surface Methodology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of chemistry and Environmental engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology
| | - Ruan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology
| | - Junxia Yu
- School of chemistry and Environmental engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology
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Velázquez-Moyado JA, Martínez-González A, Linares E, Bye R, Mata R, Navarrete A. Gastroprotective effect of diligustilide isolated from roots of Ligusticum porteri coulter & rose (Apiaceae) on ethanol-induced lesions in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:403-409. [PMID: 26320689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rhizome of Ligusticum porteri Coulter& Rose (LP) has been traditionally used by the ethnic group Raramuri in the North of México for treatment of diabetes, tuberculosis, stomachaches, diarrhea and ritual healing ceremonies. It is use as antiulcer remedy has been extended to all Mexico. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the gastroprotective activity of LP organic extracts and the major natural product diligustilide (DLG),using as experimental model the inhibition of the ethanol-induced lesions in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric ulcers were induced by intragastric instillation of absolute ethanol (1 mL). We tested the gastroprotective activity of the organic extracts of LP and the pure compound DLG. The ulcer index (UI) was determined to measure the activity. In order to elucidate the action mechanism of DLG the animals were treated with L-NAME, N-ethylmalemide, Forskolin, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, Indomethacin, Glibenclameide, Diazoxide, NaHS and DL-Propargylglycine. The pylorus-ligated rat model was used to measure gastric secretion. RESULTS The oral administration of organic extracts of Ligusticum porteri showed gastroprotective effect at 30 mg/Kg on ethanol induced gastric lesions; hexane and dichloromethane extracts were the most active. DLG was the major compound in the hexane extract. This compound at 10 mg/kg prevented significantly the gastric injuries induced by ethanol. The alkylation of endogenous non-protein-SH groups with N-ethylmaleimide abolished the gastroprotective effect of DLG and blocking the formation of endogenous prostaglandins by the pretreatment with indomethacin attenuated the gastroprotective effect of DLG. CONCLUSION The gastroprotective activity demonstrated in this study tends to support the ethnomedical use of Ligusticum porteri roots. DLG, isolated as major compound of this medicinal plant has a clear gastroprotective effect on the ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of DLG depends on the participation of the endogenous non-protein -SH groups and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué A Velázquez-Moyado
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Alejandro Martínez-González
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Edelmira Linares
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Robert Bye
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Rachel Mata
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México.
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Wang Z, Zhai Y, Ma Z, Yang C, Pan R, Yu J, Wang Q, Yang B, Kuang H. Triterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Leaves of
Astragalus membranaceus
and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1575-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ya‐Dong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
| | - Zhen‐Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
| | - Chun‐Juan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rong Pan
- Austar Pharma LLC, 18 Mayfield Ave, Edison, NJ 08837, USA
| | - Jia‐Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
| | - Qiu‐Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
| | - Bing‐You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
| | - Hai‐Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China, (phone: +86‐451‐82193001; fax: +86‐451‐82110803)
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13
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Singh R, Mishra V, Pandeti S, Palit G, Barthwal MK, Pandey HP, Narender T. Cytoprotective and Anti-secretory Effects of Azadiradione Isolated from the Seeds of Azadirachta indica
(neem) on Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models. Phytother Res 2015; 29:910-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vaibhav Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sukanya Pandeti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gautam Palit
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manoj K. Barthwal
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Haushila Prasad Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
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14
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Balan T, Mohd Sani MH, Suppaiah V, Mohtarrudin N, Suhaili Z, Ahmad Z, Zakaria ZA. Antiulcer activity of Muntingia calabura leaves involves the modulation of endogenous nitric oxide and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 52:410-418. [PMID: 24192248 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.839713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Context: Muntingia calabura L. (Muntingiaceae) is a native plant species of the American continent and is widely cultivated in warm areas in Asia, including Malaysia. The plant is traditionally used to relieve pain from gastric ulcers. Objective: This study was designed to determine the antiulcer activity of a methanol extract of M. calabura leaves (MEMC) and the possible mechanisms of action involved. Materials and methods: An acute toxicity study was conducted using a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg MEMC. The antiulcer activity of MEMC was evaluated in absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rat models. MEMC was administered orally (dose range 25-500 mg/kg) to rats fasted for 24 h. The animals were pretreated with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl esters (l-NAME) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) prior to MEMC treatment to assess the possible involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) compounds in the gastroprotective effect of MEMC. Results: As the administered dose did not cause toxicity in the rats, the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of MEMC was >2000 mg/kg in rats. MEMC exerted significant (p < 0.001) gastroprotective activity in the ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models dose-dependently. Histological evaluation supported the observed antiulcer activity of MEMC. l-NAME and NEM pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) reversed and abolished the gastroprotective effect of MEMC, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained indicate that MEMC has significant antiulcer activity that might involve the participation of endogenous NO and NP-SH compounds. These findings provide new pharmacological information regarding the potential use of M. calabura.
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Yang LP, Shen JG, Xu WC, Li J, Jiang JQ. Secondary Metabolites of the GenusAstragalus:Structure and Biological-Activity Update. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1004-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Fong SYK, Liu M, Wei H, Löbenberg R, Kanfer I, Lee VHL, Amidon GL, Zuo Z. Establishing the pharmaceutical quality of Chinese herbal medicine: a provisional BCS classification. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1623-43. [PMID: 23473440 DOI: 10.1021/mp300502m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), which is a scientific approach to categorize active drug ingredient based on its solubility and intestinal permeability into one of the four classes, has been used to set the pharmaceutical quality standards for drug products in western society. However, it has received little attention in the area of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). This is likely, in part, due to the presence of multiple active components as well as lack of standardization of CHM. In this report, we apply BCS classification to CHMs provisionally as a basis for establishing improved in vitro quality standards. Based on a top-200 drugs selling list in China, a total of 31 CHM products comprising 50 official active marker compounds (AMCs) were provisionally classified according to BCS. Information on AMC content and doses of these CHM products were retrieved from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. BCS parameters including solubility and permeability of the AMCs were predicted in silico (ACD/Laboratories). A BCS classification of CHMs according to biopharmaceutical properties of their AMCs is demonstrated to be feasible in the current study and can be used to provide a minimum set of quality standards. Our provisional results showed that 44% of the included AMCs were classified as Class III (high solubility, low permeability), followed by Class II (26%), Class I (18%), and Class IV (12%). A similar trend was observed when CHMs were classified in accordance with the BCS class of AMCs. Most (45%) of the included CHMs were classified as Class III, followed by Class II (16%), Class I (10%), and Class IV (6%); whereas 23% of the CHMs were of mixed class due to the presence of multiple individual AMCs with different BCS classifications. Moreover, about 60% of the AMCs were classified as high-solubility compounds (Class I and Class III), suggesting an important role for an in vitro dissolution test in setting quality control standards ensuring consistent biopharmaceutical quality for the commercially available CHM products. That is, provisionally, more than half of the AMCs of the top-selling CHMs included in this study would be candidates for a bioequivalence (BE) biowaiver, based on WHO recommendations and EMEA guidelines. Thus a dissolution requirement on these AMCs would represent a significant advance in the pharmaceutical quality of CHM today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Y K Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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17
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Kuang HX, Wang QH, Yang BY, Wang ZB, Okada Y, Okuyama T. Huangqiyenins G - J, Four New 9,10-Secocycloartane (=9,19-Cyclo-9,10-secolanostane) Triterpenoidal Saponins from Astragalus membranaceusBunge Leaves. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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XIAO WEILIE, MOTLEY TIMOTHYJ, UNACHUKWU UCHENNAJ, LAU CLARABIKSAN, JIANG BEI, HONG FENG, LEUNG PINGCHUNG, WANG QINGFENG, LIVINGSTON PHILIPO, CASSILETH BARRIER, KENNELLY EDWARDJ. Chemical and genetic assessment of variability in commercial Radix Astragali (Astragalus spp.) by ion trap LC-MS and nuclear ribosomal DNA barcoding sequence analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1548-56. [PMID: 21322556 PMCID: PMC3058609 DOI: 10.1021/jf1028174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (Huangqi) has been demonstrated to have a wide range of immunopotentiating effects and has been used as an adjuvant medicine during cancer therapy. Identity issues in the collection of Radix Astragali exist because many sympatric species of Astragalus occur in the northern regions of China. In order to assess the quality, purity, and uniformity of commercial Radix Astragali, 44 samples were purchased from herbal stores in Hong Kong and New York City. The main constituents, including four isoflavonoids and three saponins, were quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). There was significant sample-to-sample variability in the amounts of the saponins and isoflavonoids measured. Furthermore, DNA barcoding utilizing the variable nuclear ITS spacer regions of the 44 purchased Radix Astragali samples were sequenced, aligned and compared. Eight polymorphic point mutations were identified which separated the Radix Astragali samples into three groups. These results indicate that the chemical and genetic variability that exists among Radix Astragali medicinal products is still a consistency and quality issue for this herbal. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed significant effects on the contents of the seven tested compounds when both phylogenetic and geographic (i.e., point of purchase) factors were considered. Therefore, chemical profiles determined by LC-MS and DNA profiles in ITS spacer domains could serve as barcode markers for quality control of Radix Astragali.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI-LIE XIAO
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - TIMOTHY J. MOTLEY
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - UCHENNA J. UNACHUKWU
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - CLARA BIK SAN LAU
- Institute of Chinese Medicines, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - BEI JIANG
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Snowman Road, Xiaguan, Dali 671000, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - FENG HONG
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - PING-CHUNG LEUNG
- Institute of Chinese Medicines, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - QING-FENG WANG
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Wuhan Botanical Institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - PHILIP O. LIVINGSTON
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - BARRIE R CASSILETH
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - EDWARD J. KENNELLY
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
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19
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Zhang Y, Hu G, Lin HC, Hong SJ, Deng YH, Tang JY, Seto SW, Kwan YW, Waye MMY, Wang YT, Lee SMY. Radix Astragali extract promotes angiogenesis involving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in human endothelial cells. Phytother Res 2011; 23:1205-13. [PMID: 19274678 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in a wide range of physiological processes and many diseases are associated with dysregulation of angiogenesis. Radix Astragali, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, is a potential candidate for treating such diseases. However, the biological effects of Radix Astragali on angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated fully. This study describes the angiogenic effects of Radix Astragali extract (RAE) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. It was shown that RAE treatment stimulated HUVEC to proliferate. A significant increase in migration was observed in RAE-treated HUVEC using the wound healing migration assay. In addition, a significant increase in the number of branching points was observed during endothelial cell capillary formation after RAE treatment. It was shown that RAE enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression, and that a specific blocker of VEGF receptor 2 (KDR/Flk) inhibited the RAE-induced HUVEC proliferation. In addition, a decrease in the RAE-induced HUVEC proliferation was observed after treatment with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Taken together, these data suggest that RAE is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis and that its pro-angiogenic effects involve the VEGF-KDR/Flk and PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
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Chávez-Piña AE, Tapia-Álvarez GR, Reyes-Ramínrez A, Navarrete A. Carbenoxolone gastroprotective mechanism: participation of nitric oxide/(c) GMP/K(ATP) pathway in ethanol-induced gastric injury in the rat. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 25:717-22. [PMID: 21105909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbenoxolone, a semi-synthetic triterpenoid, exhibits gastroprotective activity related to the participation of nitric oxide (NO); however, the complete NO/(c) GMP/K(ATP) channels pathway for carbenoxolone is unknown. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the NO/(c) GMP/K(ATP) channels pathway as the gastroprotective mechanism of carbenoxolone in the ethanol-induced gastric injury model in the rat. Oral administration of carbenoxolone (30 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Pretreatment with N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 70 mg/kg, i.p.); 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ, guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p.); or glibenclamide (K(ATP) channels inhibitor, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the gastroprotective effect of carbenoxolone for ethanol-induced gastric injury. Furthermore, gastric prostaglandins and NO levels increased after carbenoxolone administration in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase of NO levels in gastric tissue after pretreatment with carbenoxolone activates the NO/(c)GMP/K(ATP) channels pathway, the principal gastroprotective mechanism of carbenoxolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, México
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Inhibition of endogenous hydrogen sulfide synthesis by PAG protects against ethanol-induced gastric damage in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 630:131-6. [PMID: 20035745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a gaseous mediator involved in a multitude of physiological functions; however the role of H(2)S in the gut is far from being understood completely. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of d-l-propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of H(2)S synthesis, on ethanol-induced gastric injury in rat and to examine the role of l-cysteine, exogenous H(2)S, prostaglandins, non-protein sulphydryls groups, nitric oxide and K(ATP) channels in the gastroprotective effect of PAG. Administration of PAG (3.12 to 75mg/kg i.p.) or l-cysteine (0.3 to 300mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited a dose-dependent protective effect after intragastric administration of 1ml of ethanol to induce gastric injury. The gastroprotective effect of PAG (25mg/kg i.p.) was maintained after post-treatment with l-cysteine (10mg/kg p.o.), while NaHS (8.4mg/kg p.o.) inhibited this effect. The levels of gastric hydrogen sulfide were increased after ethanol-induced gastric damage and they were reverted by PAG while prostaglandin E(2) levels in gastric tissue were decreased by ethanol and PAG did not revert to this effect. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10mg/kg i.p.) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10mg/kg s.c.) resulted in a reversion of the gastroprotective effect of PAG while N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 70mg/kg s.c.), glibenclamide (1mg/kg i.p.) or diazoxide (3mg/kg i.p.) did not induce any changes. These results suggest that ethanol-induced gastric injury is related with an increment of endogenous H(2)S levels, and therefore a decrement of H(2)S levels by PAG is a benefit to protect gastric injury caused by ethanol.
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Jeong JS, Lee JH, Lee SH, Kang SS, Jeong CS. Suppressive Actions of Astragali Radix (AR) Ethanol Extract and Isolated Astragaloside I on HCl/ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Song JZ, Yiu HH, Qiao CF, Han QB, Xu HX. Chemical comparison and classification of Radix Astragali by determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sánchez-Mendoza ME, Arrieta J, Navarrete A. Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric oxide, Sulfhydryls and Capsaicin-sensitive Neurons in Gastroprotection of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation the gastroprotective activity of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was evaluated. Gastric mucosal damage was induced in rats by intragastric ethanol (1 mL/rat). Rats treated orally with stigmasterol suspended in Tween 80 at 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg kg−1 showed 26.2, 39.6, 58.3 and 70.7% gastroprotection, respectively. β-Sitosterol at 10, 30,100 and 300 mg kg−1 showed 21.6, 42.5, 48.5 and 71.2% gastroprotection, correspondingly. The gastroprotection observed at 30 mg kg−1 for stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was attenuated in rats pretreated with indomethacin, (10 mg kg−1, s. c.), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 70 mg kg−1, i. p.) and capsaicin (125 mg kg−1, s. c), suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of these sterols involves, at least in part, the participation of prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO) and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons (CPSN). The gastroprotection of β-sitosterol was also attenuated by the pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10 mg kg−1, s. c.) indicating that endogenous sulfrydryls may be involved in the gastrorpotection of this compound. Carbenoxolone was used as a gastroprotective model drug and showed a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect (25.7, 33.6 and 88.3% of gastroprotection, at 3, 10 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively). The partial participation of PGs, sulfhydryls and NO was observed in the gastroprotective mechanism of carbenoxolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Jesús Arrieta
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México
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Kim JS, Yean MH, Lee EJ, Jung HS, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Kang SS. Two new cycloartane saponins from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:105-8. [PMID: 18175987 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new cycloartane-type triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (FISCH.) BGE. (Leguminosae) cultivated in Kangwon province, Korea. These saponins were named astramembranosides A and B and were established to be cycloastragenol 6,25-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astramembranoside A) and cyclocanthogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranoside (astramembranoside B) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. In addition, 12 known saponins were also isolated from the same materials. Although cycloastragenol 3-O-xyloside and agroastragalosides I and II have already been isolated from A. membranaceus adventitious roots, these three saponins together with brachyoside B and azukisaponin V methyl ester were isolated for the first time from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sun Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhu SQ, Qi L, Rui YF, Li RX, He XP, Xie ZP. Astragaloside IV inhibits spontaneous synaptic transmission and synchronized Ca2+ oscillations on hippocampal neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:57-64. [PMID: 18158866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the changes in the spontaneous neuronal excitability induced by astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) in the cultured hippocampal network. METHODS Hippocampal neurons in culture for 9-11 d were used for this study. The spontaneous synaptic activities of these hippocampal neurons were examined by Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. In total, 40 mg/L AGS-IV dissolved in DMSO and 2 mL/L DMSO were applied to the neurons under a microscope while the experiments were taking place. RESULTS AGS-IV inhibited the frequencies of synchronized spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations to 59.39%+/- 3.25%(mean+/-SEM), the spontaneous postsynaptic currents to 43.78%+/- 7.72%(mean+/-SEM), and the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents to 49.25%+/- 7.06%(mean+/-SEM) of those of the control periods, respectively, at 16 min after the AGSIV applications. AGS-IV also decreased the peak values of the voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channel currents at that time point. CONCLUSION These results indicate that AGS-IV suppresses the spontaneous neuronal excitabilities effectively. Such a modulation of neuronal activity could represent new evidence for AGS-IV as a neuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-qing Zhu
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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