1
|
Reed WR, Cranston JT, Onifer SM, Little JW, Sozio RS. Decreased spontaneous activity and altered evoked nociceptive response of rat thalamic submedius neurons to lumbar vertebra thrust. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2883-2892. [PMID: 28687855 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus is a central structure important to modulating and processing all mechanoreceptor input destined for the cortex. A large number of diverse mechanoreceptor endings are stimulated when a high velocity low amplitude thrust is delivered to the lumbar spine during spinal manipulation. The objective of this study was to determine if a lumbar thrust alters spontaneous and/or evoked nociceptive activity in medial thalamic submedius (Sm) neurons. Extracellular recordings were obtained from 94 thalamic Sm neurons in 54 urethane-anesthetized adult Wistar rats. Spontaneous activity was recorded 5 min before and after an L5 control (no thrust) and thrust (85% rat body weight; 100 ms) procedure. In a subset of responsive nociceptive-specific neurons, mean changes in noxious-evoked response (10-s pinch with clip; 795 g) at three sites (tail, contra- and ipsilateral hindpaw) were determined following an L5 thrust. Mean changes in Sm spontaneous activity (60 s bins) and evoked noxious response were compared using a mixed model repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc t tests and paired t tests, respectively. Compared to control, spontaneous Sm activity decreased 180-240 s following the lumbar thrust (p < 0.005). Inhibitory evoked responses were attenuated in the contralateral hindpaw following an L5 thrust compared to control (p < 0.05). No other changes in spontaneous or noxious-evoked Sm activity were found. A delayed, but prolonged suppression of spontaneous Sm activity along with changes in noxious-evoked inhibitory responses in the contralateral hindpaw following lumbar vertebra thrust suggest that thalamic submedius neurons may play a role in central pain modulation related to manual therapy intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Reed
- Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, UAB, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 318, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1212, USA.
| | - Jamie T Cranston
- Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA, USA
| | - Stephen M Onifer
- Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA, USA
| | - Joshua W Little
- Department of Surgery, Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall S Sozio
- Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Powell R, Bubenshchikova E, Fukuyo Y, Hsu C, Lakiza O, Nomura H, Renfrew E, Garrity D, Obara T. Wtip is required for proepicardial organ specification and cardiac left/right asymmetry in zebrafish. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2665-78. [PMID: 27484451 PMCID: PMC4991684 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilm's tumor 1 interacting protein (Wtip) was identified as an interacting partner of Wilm's tumor protein (WT1) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. WT1 is expressed in the proepicardial organ (PE) of the heart, and mouse and zebrafish wt1 knockout models appear to lack the PE. Wtip's role in the heart remains unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrate that wtip expression is identical in wt1a-, tcf21-, and tbx18-positive PE cells, and that Wtip protein localizes to the basal body of PE cells. We present the first genetic evidence that Wtip signaling in conjunction with WT1 is essential for PE specification in the zebrafish heart. By overexpressing wtip mRNA, we observed ectopic expression of PE markers in the cardiac and pharyngeal arch regions. Furthermore, wtip knockdown embryos showed perturbed cardiac looping and lacked the atrioventricular (AV) boundary. However, the chamber-specific markers amhc and vmhc were unaffected. Interestingly, knockdown of wtip disrupts early left-right (LR) asymmetry. Our studies uncover new roles for Wtip regulating PE cell specification and early LR asymmetry, and suggest that the PE may exert non-autonomous effects on heart looping and AV morphogenesis. The presence of cilia in the PE, and localization of Wtip in the basal body of ciliated cells, raises the possibility of cilia-mediated PE signaling in the embryonic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Powell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ekaterina Bubenshchikova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yayoi Fukuyo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chaonan Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Olga Lakiza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erin Renfrew
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Deborah Garrity
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tomoko Obara
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Erfanparast A, Tamaddonfard E, Taati M, Dabaghi M. Role of the thalamic submedius nucleus histamine H1 and H 2 and opioid receptors in modulation of formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:1089-96. [PMID: 26077661 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Histamine and opioid systems are involved in supraspinal modulation of pain. In this study, we investigated the effects of separate and combined microinjections of agonists and antagonists of histamine H1 and H2 and opioid receptors into the thalamic submedius (Sm) nucleus on the formalin-induced orofacial pain. Two guide cannulas were implanted into the right and left sides of the Sm in ketamine- and xylazine-anesthetized rats. Orofacial formalin pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of a diluted formalin solution (50 μl, 1.5%) into the vibrissa pad. Face rubbing durations were recorded at 3-min blocks for 45 min. Formalin produced a biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-3 min and second phase: 15-33 min). Separate and combined microinjections of histamine H1 and H2 receptor agonists, 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PEA) and dimaprit, respectively, and opioid receptor agonist, morphine, attenuated the second phase of pain. The analgesic effects induced by 2-PEA, dimaprit, and morphine were blocked by prior microinjections of fexofenadine (a histamine H1 receptor antagonist), famotidine (a histamine H2 receptor antagonist), and naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist), respectively. Naloxone also prevented 2-PEA- and dimaprit-induced antinociception, and the analgesic effect induced by morphine was inhibited by fexofenadine and famotidine. These results showed the involvement of histamine H1 and H2 and opioid receptors in the Sm modulation of orofacial pain. Opioid receptor might be involved in analgesia induced by activation of histamine H1 and H2 receptors and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Erfanparast
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, 57153-1177, Iran,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|