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Bonham LW, Geier EG, Steele NZR, Holland D, Miller BL, Dale AM, Desikan RS, Yokoyama JS. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 Is Associated With Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Shows Differential Expression in Transgenic Mice. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:476. [PMID: 30061810 PMCID: PMC6055061 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain insulin resistance and subsequent impairment of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling are associated with the neurodegenerative and clinical features of AD. Nevertheless, how the brain insulin/IGF signaling system is altered in AD and the effects of these changes on AD pathobiology are not well understood. IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is an abundant cerebral IGF signaling protein and there is early evidence suggesting it associates with AD biomarkers. We evaluated the relationship between protein levels of IGFBP-2 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and neuroimaging markers of AD progression in 300 individuals from across the AD spectrum. CSF IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with CSF tau levels and brain atrophy in non-hippocampal regions. To further explore the role of IGFBP2 in tau pathobiology, we evaluated the expression of IGFBP2 in different human and mouse brain cell types and brain tissue from two transgenic mouse models: the P301L-tau model of tauopathy and TASTPM model of AD. We observed significant differential expression of IGFBP2 in both transgenic mouse models relative to wild-type mice in cortex but not in hippocampus. In both humans and mice, IGFBP2 is most highly expressed in astrocytes. Taken together, our findings suggest that IGFBP-2 may be linked to tau pathology and provides further evidence for a relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neurodegeneration. Our results also raise the possibility that this relationship may extend beyond neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Natasha Z R Steele
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative adult-onset dementias are complex and multifactorial diseases that are most commonly caused by environmental, genetic, or mixed environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the genetic causes, a variety of phenotypes may present. This article reviews several of the genetic risk factors for the most common dementias encountered in neurology. Practical implications of genetic testing and pharmacogenomic considerations for clinical practice are also discussed.
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CME ARTICLE Updated guidelines for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: A clinical review. JAAPA 2012; 25:50-5. [DOI: 10.1097/01720610-201204000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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