1
|
Liu FT, Lu JY, Sun YM, Li L, Yang YJ, Zhao J, Ge JJ, Wu P, Jiang JH, Wu JJ, Zuo CT, Wang J. Dopaminergic Dysfunction and Glucose Metabolism Characteristics in Parkin-Induced Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Compared to Genetically Undetermined Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:22-33. [PMID: 36939793 PMCID: PMC9883374 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
While early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) caused by mutations in the parkin gene (PRKN) tends to have a relatively benign course compared to genetically undetermined (GU)-EOPD, the exact underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to search for the differences between PRKN-EOPD and GU-EOPD by dopamine transporter (DAT) and glucose metabolism positron-emission-tomography (PET) imaging. Twelve patients with PRKN-EOPD and 16 with GU-EOPD who accepted both 11C-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-trimethylstannylphenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET were enrolled. The 11C-CFT uptake was analyzed on both regional and voxel levels, whereas glucose metabolism was assessed in a voxel-wise fashion. Correlations between DAT and glucose metabolism imaging, DAT imaging and clinical severity, as well as glucose metabolism imaging and clinical severity were explored. Both clinical symptoms and DAT-binding patterns in the posterior putamen were highly symmetrical in patients with PRKN-EOPD, and dopaminergic dysfunction in the ipsilateral putamen was severer in patients with PRKN-EOPD than GU-EOPD. Meanwhile, the DAT binding was associated with the severity of motor dysfunction in patients with GU-EOPD only. Patients with PRKN-EOPD showed increased glucose metabolism in the contralateral medial frontal gyrus (supplementary motor area (SMA)), contralateral substantia nigra, contralateral thalamus, and contralateral cerebellum. Notably, glucose metabolic activity in the contralateral medial frontal gyrus was inversely associated with regional DAT binding in the bilateral putamen. Patients with PRKN-EOPD showed enhanced metabolic connectivity within the bilateral putamen, ipsilateral paracentral and precentral lobules, and the ipsilateral SMA. Collectively, compared to GU-EOPD, PRKN-EOPD is characterized by symmetrical, more severe dopaminergic dysfunction and relative increased glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, SMA with elevated glucose metabolism and enhanced connectivity may act as compensatory mechanisms in PRKN-EOPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00077-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jia-Ying Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jing-Jie Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Jie-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dynamic control of the dopamine transporter in neurotransmission and homeostasis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33674612 PMCID: PMC7935902 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT density is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) by neuroimaging; dopamine turnover is dopamine turnover is elevated in early symptomatic PD and in presymptomatic individuals with monogenic mutations causal for parkinsonism. As an integral plasma membrane protein, DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated through endocytic trafficking, enabling flexible control of dopamine signaling in time and space, which in turn critically modulates movement, motivation and learning behavior. Yet the cellular machinery and functional implications of DAT trafficking remain enigmatic. In this review we summarize mechanisms governing DAT trafficking under normal physiological conditions and discuss how PD-linked mutations may disturb DAT homeostasis. We highlight the complexity of DAT trafficking and reveal DAT dysregulation as a common theme in genetic models of parkinsonism.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kong Y, Zhang C, Liu K, Wagle Shukla A, Sun B, Guan Y. Imaging of dopamine transporters in Parkinson disease: a meta-analysis of 18 F/ 123 I-FP-CIT studies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1524-1534. [PMID: 32794655 PMCID: PMC7480930 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18 F-FP-CIT and 123 I-FP-CIT are widely used radiotracers in molecular imaging for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. Compared with 123 I-FP-CIT, 18 F-FP-CIT has superior tracer kinetics. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of using 18 F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography (PET) and 123 I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of dopamine transporters in patients with PD in order to provide evidence for clinical decision-making. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to identify the relevant studies from the time of inception of the databases to 30 April 2020. We identified six PET studies, including 779 patients with PD and 124 healthy controls, which met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven SPECT studies with 1244 PD patients and 859 controls were also included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall effect-size analysis indicated that patients with PD showed significantly reduced 18 F-FP-CIT uptake in three brain regions [caudate nucleus: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.71, Z = -3.31, P = 0.0009; anterior putamen: SMD = -3.71, Z = -6.26, P < 0.0001; and posterior putamen: SMD = -5.49, Z = -5.97, P < 0.0001]. Significant decreases of 123 I-FP-CIT uptake were also observed in the caudate (SMD = -2.31, Z = -11.49, P < 0.0001) and putamen (SMD = -3.25, Z = -14.79, P < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our findings indicate that both 18 F-FP-CIT PET and 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters can provide viable biomarkers for early PD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kawai Liu
- Department of Mathematics, The Shanghai SMIC Private School, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology and Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uslu A, Ergen M, Demirci H, Lohmann E, Hanagasi H, Demiralp T. Event-related potential changes due to early-onset Parkinson's disease in parkin (PARK2) gene mutation carriers and non-carriers. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1444-1452. [PMID: 32388155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cognitive functions in non-demented patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and to compare PARK2 gene mutation carriers and non-carriers by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). METHODS The participants comprised patients with early-onset PD (EOPD) and healthy controls (HC). Patients with EOPD were divided into two groups as carriers of known pathogenic variants of PARK2 gene (EOPD-PC) and non-carriers of genes involved in familial PD (EOPD-NC). ERP data were collected during auditory oddball and visual continuous performance test (CPT). RESULTS Both EOPD groups (EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC) displayed reduced and delayed P3 in response to oddball target and CPT NoGo. CPT Go P3 was reduced in EOPD-NC but not in EOPD-PC. Oddball target N1 was reduced and P2 was enhanced in both EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC. In both cognitive tasks, RTs were prolonged and accuracy was lower in EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC. CONCLUSIONS We found several EOPD-related neurophysiologic changes, implying impairments in cognitive functions. Pairwise comparisons between EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC revealed no significant ERP marker. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the confounding effect of normative aging was somewhat excluded compared with many previous studies. In contrast with the many oddball studies in non-demented PD, we clearly observed reduced and prolonged P3 in early-onset PD. Our NoGo P3 findings also contribute to the limited ERP research concerning response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Uslu
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ergen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir 34752, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebba Lohmann
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory - Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa-Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jayaramayya K, Iyer M, Venkatesan D, Balasubramanian V, Narayanasamy A, Subramaniam MD, Cho SG, Vellingiri B. Unraveling correlative roles of dopamine transporter (DAT) and Parkin in Parkinson's disease (PD) - A road to discovery? Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:169-179. [PMID: 32035946 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by depletion of dopamine(DA) and loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the brain that is believed to be responsible for the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Dopamine Transporter (DAT) is essential for reuptake of DA into the presynaptic terminal, thereby controlling the availability and spatial activity of released DA. Parkin interacts with proteins involved in the endosomal pathway, suggesting that presynaptic Parkin could regulate the expression of DAT in the plasma membrane. Parkin mutations lead to early synaptic damage and it appears as a crucial gene having a vast functioning area. PD-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived DA neurons exist as a potential tool for in-vitro modeling of PD, as they can recapitulate the pathological features of PD. The exact mechanism of PARKIN influenced DAT variations and changes in DA reuptake by DAT remain unknown. Hence, DAT and PARKIN mutated PD-specific iPSCs-derived DA neurons could provide important clues for elucidating the pathogenesis and mechanism of PD. This mysterious and hidden connection may prove to be a boon in disguise, hence, here we review the influence of PARKIN and DAT on DA mechanism and will discuss how these findings underpin the concept of how downregulation or upregulation of DAT is influenced by PARKIN. We conclude that the establishment of new model for PD with a combination of DAT and PARKIN would have a high translational potential, which includes the identification of drug targets and testing of known and novel therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women - University for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women - Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Venkatesh Balasubramanian
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ssang Goo Cho
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fanciulli A, Stankovic I, Krismer F, Seppi K, Levin J, Wenning GK. Multiple system atrophy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:137-192. [PMID: 31779811 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic, adult-onset, relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically characterized by various combinations of autonomic failure, parkinsonism and ataxia. The neuropathological hallmark of MSA are glial cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of misfolded α-synuclein. Selective atrophy and neuronal loss in striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems underlie the division into two main motor phenotypes of MSA-parkinsonian type and MSA-cerebellar type. Isolated autonomic failure and REM sleep behavior disorder are common premotor features of MSA. Beyond the core clinical symptoms, MSA manifests with a number of non-motor and motor features. Red flags highly specific for MSA may provide clues for a correct diagnosis, but in general the diagnostic accuracy of the second consensus criteria is suboptimal, particularly in early disease stages. In this chapter, the authors discuss the historical milestones, etiopathogenesis, neuropathological findings, clinical features, red flags, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, imaging and other biomarkers, current treatment, unmet needs and future treatments for MSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Stankovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niemann N, Jankovic J. Juvenile parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis, genetics, and treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 67:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
8
|
Riederer P, Berg D, Casadei N, Cheng F, Classen J, Dresel C, Jost W, Krüger R, Müller T, Reichmann H, Rieß O, Storch A, Strobel S, van Eimeren T, Völker HU, Winkler J, Winklhofer KF, Wüllner U, Zunke F, Monoranu CM. α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease: causal or bystander? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:815-840. [PMID: 31240402 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) comprises a spectrum of disorders with differing subtypes, the vast majority of which share Lewy bodies (LB) as a characteristic pathological hallmark. The process(es) underlying LB generation and its causal trigger molecules are not yet fully understood. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of LB and SNCA gene missense mutations or duplications/triplications are causal for rare hereditary forms of PD. As typical sporadic PD is associated with LB pathology, a factor of major importance is the study of the α-syn protein and its pathology. α-Syn pathology is, however, also evident in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disease (LBD), making it non-specific for PD. In addition, there is an overlap of these α-synucleinopathies with other protein-misfolding diseases. It has been proven that α-syn, phosphorylated tau protein (pτ), amyloid beta (Aβ) and other proteins show synergistic effects in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Multiple cell death mechanisms can induce pathological protein-cascades, but this can also be a reverse process. This holds true for the early phases of the disease process and especially for the progression of PD. In conclusion, while rare SNCA gene mutations are causal for a minority of familial PD patients, in sporadic PD (where common SNCA polymorphisms are the most consistent genetic risk factor across populations worldwide, accounting for 95% of PD patients) α-syn pathology is an important feature. Conversely, with regard to the etiopathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies PD, MSA and LBD, α-syn is rather a bystander contributing to multiple neurodegenerative processes, which overlap in their composition and individual strength. Therapeutic developments aiming to impact on α-syn pathology should take this fact into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, UKHS, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fubo Cheng
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Dresel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Clinical Neurophysiology, Forschungszentrum Translationale Neurowissenschaften (FTN), Rhein-Main-Neuronetz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Rejko Krüger
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, LCSB (Luxembourg Centre for Systems, Biomedicine), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette and Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,National Center for Excellence in Research, Parkinson's disease (NCER-PD), Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, Alexianer St. Joseph Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Strobel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department Kopfkliniken, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Varrone A, Pellecchia MT. SPECT Molecular Imaging in Familial Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 142:225-260. [PMID: 30409254 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a diagnostic tool to study the integrity of the dopaminergic system in patients with parkinsonism and uncertain diagnosis. DAT SPECT enables to detect the presence of nigrostriatal deficit even in the early or pre-symptomatic stages of the disease and to quantify the DAT loss with the progression of nigrostriatal degeneration. For these reasons, DAT SPECT has been also used as a tool to study genetic conditions that are associated with parkinsonism in order to examine the degree and patterns of dopaminergic deficits that are present in at risk subjects and in affected patients carrying the mutations. Studies included subjects with sporadic mutations of common genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and families with both affected patients and asymptomatic carriers. For obvious reasons, the majority of the studies have included a limited number of subjects. Therefore, because of the heterogeneity and the size of the cohorts examined, in many cases the findings can be merely descriptive and general conclusions on the patterns of dopaminergic deficit in different genetic conditions need to take into account some exceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes clinical and electrical myotonia and provides an update on the classification, diagnosis, and management of myotonic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS In the myotonic dystrophies, antisense oligonucleotides provide a general strategy to correct RNA gain of function and modulate the expression of CTG expanded repeats; they are currently being tested in a phase 1-2 randomized controlled trial in patients with adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1. New genetic mutations are continuously being identified in the nondystrophic myotonias involving sodium and chloride channels. This contributes to the difficulty in describing genotype-phenotype correlations as the same mutations can give rise to different phenotypes, and the same phenotypes can arise from different mutations. Pharmacologic therapy is moving toward mutation-targeted treatments. SUMMARY This article describes the clinical and diagnostic characteristics and management of the myotonic dystrophies and the nondystrophic myotonias. Clinical features of the congenital, juvenile, and classic adult forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 are reviewed, and for the adult form, reference is made to the main diagnostic and follow-up tests for which general consensus exists. The different clinical presentations of myotonic dystrophy type 2 and its main differential diagnostic options are also discussed. The clinical spectrum of the sodium and chloride channelopathies is described, and clinical diagnostic clues to differentiate between these two groups are provided. Therapeutic options for patients with nondystrophic myotonias are also presented with reference to literature review and the author's personal experience.
Collapse
|
11
|
Isaacs D, Claassen D, Bowman AB, Hedera P. Phenotypic Discordance in Siblings with Identical Compound Heterozygous PARK2 Mutations. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070071. [PMID: 28672806 PMCID: PMC5532584 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PARK2 mutations are the most common cause of early-onset Parkinson’s disease. No genotype-phenotype correlation exists, and phenotypic variability is quite common. We report two siblings with confirmed identical compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene manifesting strikingly different phenotypes. The older brother demonstrated marked parkinsonism by his mid-20’s, whereas the younger brother developed exercise-induced dystonia in his mid-30’s with no subsequent clinical progression, highlighting the clinical heterogeneity of the disease and implying the role of other genetic and/or environmental factors in disease progression. The younger sibling, despite his mild symptoms, had a clearly abnormal dopamine transporter (DaT)-SPECT scan. To our knowledge, this is the first such reported case of an abnormal DaT-SPECT scan in a patient with biallelic PARK2 mutations who does not meet the clinical criteria for Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr. Suite 3930, Nashville, TN 37232-5400, USA.
| | - Daniel Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr. Suite 3930, Nashville, TN 37232-5400, USA.
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2594, USA.
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr. Suite 3930, Nashville, TN 37232-5400, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morgante F, Fasano A, Ginevrino M, Petrucci S, Ricciardi L, Bove F, Criscuolo C, Moccia M, De Rosa A, Sorbera C, Bentivoglio AR, Barone P, De Michele G, Pellecchia MT, Valente EM. Impulsive-compulsive behaviors in parkin-associated Parkinson disease. Neurology 2016; 87:1436-1441. [PMID: 27590295 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this multicenter, case-control study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in a cohort of patients with parkin-associated Parkinson disease (PD) compared to a group of patients without the mutation. METHODS We compared 22 patients with biallelic parkin mutations (parkin-PD) and 26 patients negative for parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, and GBA mutations (PD-NM), matched for age at onset, disease duration, levodopa, and dopamine agonist equivalent daily dose. A semistructured interview was used to diagnose each of the following ICBs: compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, binge eating, punding, hobbyism, and compulsive medication use. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was adopted to rate ICB severity. RESULTS Frequency of patients with at least one ICB was comparable between parkin-PD and PD-NM. Nevertheless, when analyzing the distribution of specific ICBs, a higher frequency of compulsive shopping, binge eating, and punding/hobbyism was found in the parkin-PD group. Compared to PD-NM, parkin-PD patients with ICB had younger onset age and higher frequency of smokers; in 5 patients, ICB had predated PD onset. Total and partial (compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, binge eating, hobbyism/punding) QUIP-RS scores were higher in patients with parkin-PD compared to patients with PD-NM. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of parkin mutations was associated with smoking status and higher QUIP-RS total score. CONCLUSIONS Our data expand the parkin-associated phenotypic spectrum demonstrating higher frequency and severity of specific ICBs, and suggesting an association between the parkin genotype, smoking status, and ICB severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Morgante
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricciardi
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bove
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Moccia
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sorbera
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pellecchia MT, Picillo M, Santangelo G, Longo K, Moccia M, Erro R, Amboni M, Vitale C, Vicidomini C, Salvatore M, Barone P, Pappatà S. Cognitive performances and DAT imaging in early Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary study. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131:275-81. [PMID: 25644029 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed an exploratory study to investigate dopaminergic nigrostriatal innervation and its cognitive correlates in early untreated PD patients with MCI as compared to cognitively intact patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 34-de-novo, drug-naïve patients with PD were enrolled. They underwent [123-I] FP-CIT SPECT and comprehensive neuropsychological battery. MCI was identified in 15 of 34 patients with PD. RESULTS The two groups did not show any statistically significant difference in age, sex, disease duration, education, lateralization, and H&Y and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that UPDRS-III was weakly associated with MCI (P = 0.034). Partial correlation analysis controlling for UPDRS-III and age suggested that in PD patients with MCI reduced V3″ values in the more affected caudate were correlated with reduced performances in frontal assessment battery, Trail Making Test: part B minus Part A and copy task of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test. Reduced V3″ values in the more and less affected putamen were significantly related with reduced performance in frontal assessment battery and in copy task of Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, respectively. No correlation was found between neuropsychological scores and DAT availability in PD patients without MCI. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, our results suggest that striatal dopamine depletion may contribute to some cognitive deficit in early never treated PD patients with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - M. Picillo
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - G. Santangelo
- Department of Psychology; Neuropsychology Laboratory; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - K. Longo
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - M. Moccia
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - R. Erro
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - M. Amboni
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - C. Vitale
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
- University Parthenope; Naples Italy
| | - C. Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; CNR; Naples Italy
| | - M. Salvatore
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - P. Barone
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - S. Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; CNR; Naples Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moccia M, Pappatà S, Erro R, Picillo M, Vitale C, Amboni M, Longo K, Palladino R, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Uric acid relates to dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131:127-31. [PMID: 25288358 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) and tracking its progression may require the combination of reliable biomarkers. Among them, both serum uric acid (UA) and dopamine transporter (DaT) binding deserve more investigations. AIMS OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum UA levels and DaT availability in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD patients, by means of semiquantitative [(123) I]FP-CIT-SPECT. METHODS We recruited 52 newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD patients, and performed serum UA dosage and [(123) I]FP-CIT-SPECT. RESULTS Pearson's correlation analysis showed that UA levels were significantly higher in patients with higher averaged, ipsilateral and contralateral DaT binding in caudate, putamen, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS We showed, for the first time, by regional semiquantitative analysis of DaT binding in PD patients that UA levels significantly correlates with the severity of dopaminergic impairment in caudate, putamen, and striatum. This study broadens our knowledge on the importance of UA as a biomarker of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - S. Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; CNR; Naples Italy
| | - R. Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; University College London (UCL), Institute of Neurology; London UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento; Università di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma; Verona Italy
| | - M. Picillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - C. Vitale
- University of Naples Parthenope; Naples Italy
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - M. Amboni
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - K. Longo
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - R. Palladino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health; Imperial College; London UK
- Department of Public Health; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - P. Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND); Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND); Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nürnberger L, Klein C, Baudrexel S, Roggendorf J, Hildner M, Chen S, Kang JS, Hilker R, Hagenah J. Ultrasound-based motion analysis demonstrates bilateral arm hypokinesia during gait in heterozygous PINK1 mutation carriers. Mov Disord 2014; 30:386-92. [PMID: 25545816 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carriers of a single heterozygous PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) gene mutation provide an ideal opportunity to study the development of parkinsonian motor signs from the very beginning. Measuring tools that reliably represent mild motor symptoms could also facilitate the assessment of future neuroprotective therapies and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated nine family members carrying a heterozygous PINK1 mutation in comparison with 25 age-matched healthy controls. Arm kinematics were quantified during treadmill walking at four different speeds using ultrasound-based motion analysis. Heterozygous PINK1 mutation carriers showed a bilateral reduction of arm swing amplitudes (P = 0.003) and arm anteversion (P = 0.001), which was more pronounced on the predominantly affected body side but also was present, albeit to a lesser degree, contralaterally (amplitude P = 0.01, anteversion P = 0.002, repeated measures analysis of covariance [rmANCOVA]). Single post-hoc comparisons revealed similar results for all speeds on both body sides (P < 0.05) except for 2.0 km/h on the less affected side. A single heterozygous mutation in the PINK1 gene is associated with a bilateral dopaminergic dysfunction in this family. Ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analysis of arm swing during gait is a suitable tool to quantify even subtle hypokinesia in mildly affected PINK1 mutation carriers, which tends to be easily overlooked on the less affected body side during clinical examination. Therefore, this technique is a promising application in early stage PD and in at-risk populations for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Nürnberger
- Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Batla A, Erro R, Stamelou M, Schneider SA, Schwingenschuh P, Ganos C, Bhatia KP. Patients with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit: A long-term follow-up study. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1820-5. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
- Second Department of Neurology, Attiko Hospital; University of Athens; Athens Greece
- Neurology Clinic; Philipps-University; Marburg Germany
| | | | | | - Christos Ganos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P. Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shin HW, Kim JS, Oh M, You S, Kim YJ, Kim J, Kim MJ, Chung SJ. Clinical features of drug-induced parkinsonism based on [18F] FP-CIT positron emission tomography. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:269-74. [PMID: 25231645 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the common cause of parkinsonism. It is difficult to make a differentiation between DIP and Parkinson's disease (PD) because there are no notable differences in the clinical characteristics between the two entities. In this study, we examined the relationship between the characteristics of [(18)F] fluorinated-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-β-carboxymethoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) images and clinical features in DIP patients. We retrospectively studied 76 patients with DIP who underwent [(18)F] FP-CIT PET. We also enrolled 16 healthy controls who underwent it. We compared the clinical characteristics between the DIP patients with normal [(18)F] FP-CIT PET scans and those with abnormal ones. Symmetric parkinsonism was more frequent in the patients with normal [(18)F] FP-CIT PET scans as compared with those with abnormal ones. Interval from drug intake to onset of parkinsonism was longer in the patients with abnormal [(18)F] FP-CIT PET scans as compared with those with normal ones. A semi-quantitative analysis showed that specific to non-specific binding ratios in the putamen was lower in the patients with abnormal [(18)F] FP-CIT PET scans as compared with those with normal ones and the age-matched control group. Our results suggest that symmetric parkinsonism was more prevalent, and the duration of drug exposure before the onset of parkinsonism was shorter in the patients with normal [(18)F] FP-CIT PET scans as compared with those with abnormal ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dopamine transporter availability in motor subtypes of de novo drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2014; 261:2112-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Booth TC, Nathan M, Waldman AD, Quigley AM, Schapira AH, Buscombe J. The role of functional dopamine-transporter SPECT imaging in parkinsonian syndromes, part 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 36:229-35. [PMID: 24904053 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY As we defeat infectious diseases and cancer, one of the greatest medical challenges facing us in the mid-21st century will be the increasing prevalence of degenerative disease. Those diseases, which affect movement and cognition, can be the most debilitating. Dysfunction of the extrapyramidal system results in increasing motor disability often manifest as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. The common pathologic pathway of these diseases, collectively described as parkinsonian syndromes, such as Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies, is degeneration of the presynaptic dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia. Conventional MR imaging is insensitive, especially in early disease, so functional imaging has become the primary method used to differentiate a true parkinsonian syndrome from vascular parkinsonism, drug-induced changes, or essential tremor. Unusually for a modern functional imaging technique, the method most widely used in European clinics depends on SPECT and not PET. This SPECT technique (described in the first of 2 parts) commonly reports dopamine-transporter function, with decreasing striatal uptake demonstrating increasingly severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Booth
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (T.C.B.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - M Nathan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.N., A.-M.Q.), Royal Free Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - A D Waldman
- Department of Imaging (A.D.W.), Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - A-M Quigley
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.N., A.-M.Q.), Royal Free Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - A H Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.H.S.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Buscombe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.B.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tatsch K, Poepperl G. Nigrostriatal dopamine terminal imaging with dopamine transporter SPECT: an update. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1331-8. [PMID: 23864718 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article gives an update on nigrostriatal dopamine terminal imaging, with emphasis on SPECT performed with the presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand (123)I-FP-CIT. The paper covers the rational use of this technique in the diagnostic work-up of patients with known or suspected parkinsonian syndromes. In detail, it addresses the impact of the method for the proof or exclusion of neurodegenerative parkinsonism, for its early and preclinical diagnosis, and for the evaluation of disease progression. The importance of normal DAT binding for differentiating symptomatic parkinsonism and relevant tremor syndromes from neurodegeneration is highlighted. Particularly emphasized is the role of DAT SPECT for diagnosing Lewy body dementia and its separation from Alzheimer dementia. Finally, some remarks deal with the economic aspects of the use of these imaging techniques in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Tatsch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe, Inc, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Erro R, Pappatà S, Amboni M, Vicidomini C, Longo K, Santangelo G, Picillo M, Vitale C, Moccia M, Giordano F, Brunetti A, Pellecchia MT, Salvatore M, Barone P. Anxiety is associated with striatal dopamine transporter availability in newly diagnosed untreated Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18:1034-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Aberrant striatal synaptic plasticity in monogenic parkinsonisms. Neuroscience 2011; 211:126-35. [PMID: 21839811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the recent past, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has evolved from a neurodegenerative disorder considered entirely sporadic to a disease with an unequivocal genetic component. Indeed, different inherited forms of PD have been discovered and characterized, although the functional roles of the gene products identified are still under intense investigation. To gain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of hereditary forms of PD, different animal models have been generated. Although most of the rodent models display neither obvious behavioral impairment nor evidence for neurodegeneration, remarkable abnormalities of dopamine-mediated neurotransmission and corticostriatal synaptic plasticity have been described, indicative of a fundamental distortion of network function within the basal ganglia. The picture emerging from a critical review of recent data on monogenic parkinsonisms suggests that mutations in PD genes might cause developmental rearrangements in the corticobasal ganglia circuitry, compensating the dopaminergic dysfunction observed both in mice and humans, in order to maintain proper motor function.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
For mostly arbitrary reasons, the term "juvenile parkinsonism" is restricted to patients aged 20 years or younger, and "young-onset PD" (YOPD) is onset between ages 21 and 40 years. Previous studies suggest that YOPD has a slower disease progression and a greater incidence and earlier appearance of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. Therefore, our therapeutic strategies have to respect the fact that YOPD patients face many years of gradual progression of disease and disability, a greater probability for developing various adverse effects of treatment, and worsening of quality of life. As an individually tailored treatment should be our primary goal, we must bear in mind that the needs and expectations of YOPD patients are different from those of their older counterparts. The therapeutic strategy for YOPD patients should include a relatively low threshold for initiation of treatment, and initiating treatment with a dopamine receptor agonist while maintaining an individually adjusted, moderately high threshold for switching to or adding L-dopa in cases where treatment response is suboptimal or if problematic adverse effects develop. It has been shown that some dopamine receptor agonists may also have antidepressive efficacy, thus potentially managing an additional problem associated with PD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Brüggemann N, Vegt J, Klein C, Siebner H. Neurobildgebung genetischer Aspekte der Parkinson-Krankheit. DER NERVENARZT 2010; 81:1196-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-3024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Nuytemans K, Theuns J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic etiology of Parkinson disease associated with mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 genes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:763-80. [PMID: 20506312 PMCID: PMC3056147 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, molecular genetic analyses have identified over 500 distinct DNA variants in five disease genes associated with familial Parkinson disease; alpha-synuclein (SNCA), parkin (PARK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1 (PARK7), and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). These genetic variants include approximately 82% simple mutations and approximately 18% copy number variations. Some mutation subtypes are likely underestimated because only few studies reported extensive mutation analyses of all five genes, by both exonic sequencing and dosage analyses. Here we present an update of all mutations published to date in the literature, systematically organized in a novel mutation database (http://www.molgen.ua.ac.be/PDmutDB). In addition, we address the biological relevance of putative pathogenic mutations. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive genetic screening of Parkinson patients followed by an insightful study of the functional relevance of observed genetic variants. Moreover, while capturing existing data from the literature it became apparent that several of the five Parkinson genes were also contributing to the genetic etiology of other Lewy Body Diseases and Parkinson-plus syndromes, indicating that mutation screening is recommendable in these patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nuytemans
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jessie Theuns
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
In vivo imaging of synaptic function in the central nervous system. Behav Brain Res 2009; 204:1-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
27
|
Ribeiro MJ, Thobois S, Lohmann E, du Montcel ST, Lesage S, Pelissolo A, Dubois B, Mallet L, Pollak P, Agid Y, Broussolle E, Brice A, Remy P. A multitracer dopaminergic PET study of young-onset parkinsonian patients with and without parkin gene mutations. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1244-50. [PMID: 19617340 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.063529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The impact of parkin gene mutations on nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration is not well established. The purpose of this study was to characterize by PET using (18)F-fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ((18)F-fluoro-l-DOPA), (11)C-PE2I, and (11)C-raclopride the pattern of dopaminergic lesions in young-onset Parkinson disease (YOPD) patients with or without mutations of the parkin gene and to correlate the clinical and neuropsychologic characteristics of these patients with PET results. METHODS A total of 35 YOPD patients were enrolled (16 with parkin mutation, 19 without). The uptake constant (K(i)) of (18)F-fluoro-l-DOPA and the binding potential (BP) of (11)C-PE2I (BP(DAT)) and of (11)C-raclopride (BP(D2)) were calculated in the striatum. Comparisons were made between the 2 groups of YOPD and between controls and patients. For each radiotracer, parametric images were obtained, and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis using a voxel-by-voxel statistical t test was performed. Correlations between the cognitive and motor status and PET results were analyzed. RESULTS In YOPD patients, (18)F-fluoro-l-DOPA K(i) values were reduced to 68% (caudate) and 40% (putamen) of normal values (P < 0.0001). This decrease was symmetric and comparable for nonparkin and parkin patients. No correlation was found between the K(i) values and cognitive or motor status. (11)C-PE2I BP(DAT) values in YOPD patients were decreased to 56% (caudate) and 41% (putamen) of normal values (P < 0.0001) and did not differ between the 2 YOPD populations. The mean (11)C-raclopride BP(D2) values were reduced to 72% (caudate) and 84% (putamen) of the normal values (P < 0.02) and did not differ between nonparkin and parkin patients. SPM analyses showed in patients an additional decrease of (11)C-raclopride in the frontal cortex and a decrease of (18)F-fluoro-l-DOPA and (11)C-PE2I uptake in the substantia nigra bilaterally (P < 0.05, false-discovery rate-corrected). CONCLUSION Carriers of parkin mutations are indistinguishable on PET markers of dopaminergic dysfunction from other YOPD patients with long disease duration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing a truncated mutant parkin exhibit age-dependent hypokinetic motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and accumulation of proteinase K-resistant alpha-synuclein. J Neurosci 2009; 29:1962-76. [PMID: 19228951 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5351-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in parkin are the most common cause of familial early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies suggest that certain parkin mutants may exert dominant toxic effects to cultured cells and such dominant toxicity can lead to progressive dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration in Drosophila. To explore whether mutant parkin could exert similar pathogenic effects to mammalian DA neurons in vivo, we developed a BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) transgenic mouse model expressing a C-terminal truncated human mutant parkin (Parkin-Q311X) in DA neurons driven by a dopamine transporter promoter. Parkin-Q311X mice exhibit multiple late-onset and progressive hypokinetic motor deficits. Stereological analyses reveal that the mutant mice develop age-dependent DA neuron degeneration in substantia nigra accompanied by a significant loss of DA neuron terminals in the striatum. Neurochemical analyses reveal a significant reduction of the striatal dopamine level in mutant mice, which is significantly correlated with their hypokinetic motor deficits. Finally, mutant Parkin-Q311X mice, but not wild-type controls, exhibit age-dependent accumulation of proteinase K-resistant endogenous alpha-synuclein in substantia nigra and colocalized with 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker for oxidative protein damage. Hence, our study provides the first mammalian genetic evidence that dominant toxicity of a parkin mutant is sufficient to elicit age-dependent hypokinetic motor deficits and DA neuron loss in vivo, and uncovers a causal relationship between dominant parkin toxicity and progressive alpha-synuclein accumulation in DA neurons. Our study underscores the need to further explore the putative link between parkin dominant toxicity and PD.
Collapse
|
29
|
van der Vegt JPM, van Nuenen BFL, Bloem BR, Klein C, Siebner HR. Imaging the impact of genes on Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2009; 164:191-204. [PMID: 19409223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been considered to be a non-genetic disorder, recent progress in the neurogenetics of PD provided converging evidence that genetic factors play a relevant role in the etiology of PD. The strongest case for a genetic contribution to PD was made by the discovery of mutations in single genes that can cause autosomal dominant (alpha-synuclein (SNCA)) and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene) or recessive (Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1, and ATP13A2 gene) forms of PD. Here, we review how structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals carrying a mutation in one of the PD genes has offered a unique avenue of research into the pathogenesis of PD. In symptomatic mutation carriers (i.e. those with overt disease), brain mapping can help to link the molecular pathogenesis of PD more directly with functional and structural changes in the intact human brain. In addition, neuroimaging of presymptomatic (i.e. non-manifesting) mutation carriers has emerged as a valuable tool to identify mechanisms of adaptive motor reorganization at the preclinical stage that may prevent or delay clinical manifestation. In addition to mutations causing monogenic forms of PD, common polymorphisms in genes that influence mono-aminergic signaling or synaptic plasticity may have modifying effects on distinct aspects of PD. We also discuss how functional and structural neuroimaging can be used to better characterize these genotype-phenotype correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P M van der Vegt
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amboni M, Pellecchia MT, Cozzolino A, Picillo M, Vitale C, Barone P, Varrone A, Garavaglia B, Gambelli S, Federico A. Cerebellar and pyramidal dysfunctions, palpebral ptosis and weakness as presenting symptoms of PARK-2. Mov Disord 2009; 24:303-5. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
31
|
Lu XH. BAC to degeneration bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-mediated transgenesis for modeling basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 89:37-56. [PMID: 19900614 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)89002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), are characterized by not only spectrum of motor deficits, ranging form hypokinesia to hyperkinesia, but also emotional, cognitive, and psychiatric manifestations. The symptoms and pathogenic mechanism of these disorders should be viewed as dysfunctions of specific cortico-subcortical neurocircuits. Transgenic approaches using large genomic inserts, such as bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-mediated transgenesis, due to its capacity to propagate large-size genomic DNA and faithful production of endogenous-like gene expression pattern/lever, have provided an ideal basis for the generation of transgenic mice as model for basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the functional and structural analysis of neurocircuits. In this chapter, the basic concepts and practical approaches about application of BAC transgenic system are introduced. Existent major BAC transgenic mouse models for PD and HD are evaluated according to their construct, face, and predicative validity. Finally, considerations, possible solutions, and future perspectives of using BAC transgenic approach to study basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martella G, Platania P, Vita D, Sciamanna G, Cuomo D, Tassone A, Tscherter A, Kitada T, Bonsi P, Shen J, Pisani A. Enhanced sensitivity to group II mGlu receptor activation at corticostriatal synapses in mice lacking the familial parkinsonism-linked genes PINK1 or Parkin. Exp Neurol 2008; 215:388-96. [PMID: 19071114 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An altered glutamatergic input at corticostriatal synapses has been shown in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present work, we analyzed the membrane and synaptic responses of striatal neurons to metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor activation in two different mouse models of inherited PD, linked to mutations in PINK1 or Parkin genes. Both in PINK1 and Parkin knockout ((-/-)) mice, activation of group I mGlu receptors by 3,5-DHPG caused a membrane depolarization coupled to an increase in firing frequency in striatal cholinergic interneurons that was comparable to the response observed in the respective wild-type (WT) interneurons. The sensitivity to group II and III mGlu receptors was tested on cortically-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded from medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Both LY379268 and L-AP4, agonists for group II and III, respectively, had no effect on intrinsic membrane properties, but dose-dependently reduced the amplitude of corticostriatal EPSPs. However, both in PINK1(-/-) and Parkin(-/-) mice, LY379268, but not L-AP4, exhibited a greater potency as compared to WT in depressing EPSP amplitude. Accordingly, the dose-response curve for the response to LY379268 in both knockout mice was shifted leftward. Moreover, consistent with a presynaptic site of action, both LY379268 and L-AP4 increased the paired-pulse ratio either in PINK1(-/-) and Parkin(-/-) or in WT mice. Acute pretreatment with L-dopa did not rescue the enhanced sensitivity to LY379268. Together, these results suggest that the selective increase in sensitivity of striatal group II mGlu receptors represents an adaptive change in mice in which an altered dopamine metabolism has been documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Martella
- Department of Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Panzacchi A, Moresco RM, Garibotto V, Antonini A, Gobbo C, Isaias IU, Goldwurm S, Bonaldi L, Carpinelli A, Pezzoli G, Fazio F, Perani D. A voxel-based PET study of dopamine transporters in Parkinson's disease: Relevance of age at onset. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 31:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
34
|
Comparison between a dual-head and a brain-dedicated SPECT system in the measurement of the loss of dopamine transporters with [123I]FP-CIT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1343-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: potential effects of drugs. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 35:424-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
36
|
Pellecchia MT, Varrone A, Annesi G, Amboni M, Cicarelli G, Sansone V, Annesi F, Rocca FE, Vitale C, Pappatà S, Quattrone A, Barone P. Parkinsonism and essential tremor in a family with pseudo-dominant inheritance of PARK2: an FP-CIT SPECT study. Mov Disord 2007; 22:559-63. [PMID: 17149727 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a family with 5 affected individuals manifesting either essential tremor (ET), Parkinsonism, or both, consistent with pseudo-dominant inheritance of PARK2. Two homozygotes presented postural and kinetic tremor several years before the onset of Parkinsonism. Postural and kinetic tremor mimicking ET was the only feature in 1 homozygous and 2 heterozygous carriers of the mutation. Striatal dopamine transporter density was reduced in accordance with phenotype and number of mutated alleles. In 3 homozygotes and 1 heterozygote, a 2-year follow-up single photon emission computed tomography suggested no progression of nigrostriatal deficit.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Abstract
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are predominantly due to progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons. In most cases there is a substantial asymmetry of clinical symptoms from disease onset, which occurs in sporadic and in hereditary forms of the disease. However, the mechanism of such unilaterality of symptom appearance is not understood. There is only sparse information about whether symptom-side predominance is genetically coded and determined years before symptom onset, or whether it is acquired and related to side differences in vulnerability of the degenerating neurons. In this Personal View we review data for unilaterality of symptoms at different disease stages. We also discuss several pathological, genetic, environmental, and toxic possibilities for explaining the mechanism of side predominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shih MC, Hoexter MQ, Andrade LAFD, Bressan RA. Parkinson's disease and dopamine transporter neuroimaging: a critical review. SAO PAULO MED J 2006; 124:168-75. [PMID: 17119698 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802006000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly caused by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. Several nuclear medicine radiotracers have been developed to evaluate PD diagnoses and disease evolution in vivo in PD patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computerized emission tomography (SPECT) radiotracers for the dopamine transporter (DAT) provide good markers for the integrity of the presynaptic dopaminergic system affected in PD. Over the last decade, radiotracers suitable for imaging the DAT have been the subject of most efforts. In this review, we provide a critical discussion on the utility of DAT imaging for Parkinson's disease diagnosis (sensitivity and specificity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chi Shih
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroimagem e Cognição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Bacelar 334, CEP 04026-001 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hesse S, Oehlwein C, Barthel H, Schwarz J, Polster D, Wagner A, Sabri O. Possible impact of dopamine SPECT on decision-making for drug treatment in Parkinsonian syndrome. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1177-90. [PMID: 16463120 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) markers allow measuring the integrity of the brain dopaminergic system in vivo. We used dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT with [(123)I]FP-CIT and dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor SPECT with [(123)I]IBZM to evaluate whether there is a reduction of DAT and/or D(2)/D(3) receptor SPECT in treated and untreated patients with Parkinsonian syndrome (PS). We found that almost a quarter of our patients treated with anti-Parkinsonian medication prior to SPECT imaging did not show evidence of a presynaptic dopaminergic deficit while 37% of untreated patients were diagnosed as having Parkinson's disease. 17% of treated patients had additional loss of D(2)/D(3) receptor binding capacity in concordance with the clinical follow-up diagnoses of multiple system atrophy, progressive nuclear palsy, and vascular Parkinsonism. Apart from 38% clinically uncertain cases, SPECT was in concordance with 75% of initial clinical diagnoses. 25% were reclassified as indicated by SPECT findings and confirmed by a 1.5-year clinical follow-up. We conclude that dopamine SPECT may support establishing or refuting the clinical diagnosis and, therefore, help to make the decision for or against dopaminomimetic treatment in cases with PS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hesse
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Isaias IU, Benti R, Goldwurm S, Zini M, Cilia R, Gerundini P, Di Fonzo A, Bonifati V, Pezzoli G, Antonini A. Striatal dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson's disease associated with theLRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation. Mov Disord 2006; 21:1144-7. [PMID: 16671078 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured striatal dopamine transporter binding using [(123)I]ioflupane and SPECT in patients with Parkinson's disease associated with the LRRK2 (PARK8) Gly2019Ser gene mutation (LRRK2-PD) and in gene-negative patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) of comparable disease duration and severity. The LRRK2-PD group consisted of a total of 10 patients (3 sporadic) with mean age 62 +/- 14 years, disease duration 9 +/- 3 years, and UPDRS III motor score 21.60 +/- 6.65. The control IPD group consisted of 15 patients with mean age 59 +/- 9 years, disease duration 9 +/- 5 years, and UPDRS III motor score 23.80 +/- 8.69. [(123)I]ioflupane-specific uptake ratios were calculated for caudate nucleus and putamen using the occipital cortex as reference region. We found no differences between the LRRK2-PD group and IPD in all items studied. In particular, putamen and caudate uptake values as well as side asymmetry indexes and putamen/caudate ratios all revealed comparable between-group values. We conclude that in these patients carrying the LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation, the neurodegenerative process results in a pattern of nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction similar to that observed in IPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis U Isaias
- Centro Parkinson, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|