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Blommer J, Pitcher T, Mustapic M, Eren E, Yao PJ, Vreones MP, Pucha KA, Dalrymple-Alford J, Shoorangiz R, Meissner WG, Anderson T, Kapogiannis D. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2023; 146:195-208. [PMID: 35833836 PMCID: PMC10060702 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides motor symptoms, many individuals with Parkinson's disease develop cognitive impairment perhaps due to coexisting α-synuclein and Alzheimer's disease pathologies and impaired brain insulin signalling. Discovering biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease could help clarify the underlying pathogenic processes and improve Parkinson's disease diagnosis and prognosis. This study used plasma samples from 273 participants: 103 Parkinson's disease individuals with normal cognition, 121 Parkinson's disease individuals with cognitive impairment (81 with mild cognitive impairment, 40 with dementia) and 49 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin were immunocaptured by targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule, then biomarkers were quantified using immunoassays. α-Synuclein was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.004) and in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease individuals compared to Parkinson's disease with normal cognition (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) individuals. Amyloid-β42 did not differ between groups. Phosphorylated tau (T181) was higher in Parkinson's disease than control individuals (P = 0.003) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.001). Total tau was not different between groups. Tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.03) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and controls (P = 0.01), and also decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.005); serine312-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was not different between groups. Mechanistic target of rapamycin was not different between groups, whereas phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin trended lower in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.05). The ratio of α-synuclein to phosphorylated tau181 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to controls (P = 0.001), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P < 0.001). The ratio of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated serine312 to insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine was higher in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.01), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and increased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.003). α-Synuclein, phosphorylated tau181 and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine contributed in diagnostic classification between groups. These findings suggest that both α-synuclein and tau pathologies and impaired insulin signalling underlie Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. Plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles biomarkers may inform cognitive prognosis in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Blommer
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toni Pitcher
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Maja Mustapic
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erden Eren
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael P Vreones
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Krishna A Pucha
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Reza Shoorangiz
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service de Neurologie—Maladies Neurodégénératives, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tim Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Lees A, Tolosa E, Stocchi F, Ferreira JJ, Rascol O, Antonini A, Poewe W. Optimizing levodopa therapy, when and how? Perspectives on the importance of delivery and the potential for an early combination approach. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:15-24. [PMID: 36729395 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2176220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is currently a resurgence of levodopa as the initial treatment of choice for most patients with Parkinson's disease, albeit at lower doses than previously used. The addition of adjuvant treatments (including MAO-B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors and dopamine agonists) is an established strategy to reduce motor complications that develop with sustained levodopa therapy. AREAS COVERED In this narrative review, the authors discuss the evidence underpinning current levodopa optimization strategies, during early disease and once motor complications occur. To support the discussion, the authors performed a broad PubMed search with the terms 'levodopa/L-dopa/L-Dopa, and Parkinson's disease,' restricted to clinical trials. There is now a wealth of evidence that improving levodopa delivery to the brain improves outcomes and we discuss how agents can be combined earlier in the course of disease to leverage the full potential of this strategy. EXPERT OPINION Levodopa remains the cornerstone of antiparkinsonian therapy. Several promising advances in formulation have been made and include novel extended-release oral drugs as well as non-oral delivery systems. However, evidence has long suggested that anti-parkinsonian medications may be better used in combination earlier in the disease, and consequently patients will benefit from low doses of several agents rather than ever larger levodopa doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lees
- University College London, Reta Lila Weston Institute, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Department of Neurology, University San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CNS - Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Investigation center CIC1436 and NS-Park/FCRIN network; University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM and University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress in a Sample of Patients Recruited in a Dietary Center in a Southern University Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58111670. [DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance after the administration of ethanol in 25% aqueous solution (v/v) at a concentration of 0.76 g/kg of body weight daily in two doses for 3 days. The changes in oxidative stress indices were investigated by standard methods previously described. Results: Ethanol administration has determined a significant increase in plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), malonilaldehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSH ratio. Conclusions: In the proposed experimental condition, the excessive and repeated consumption of ethanol causes oxidative damage, as shown by the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance, which, at least in part, are responsible for the harmful effects of excess ethanol.
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4
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Хамадьянова АУ, Кузнецов КО, Гайфуллина ЭИ, Каландин ДА, Хамидуллина РР, Халитова ИФ, Фаизов РМ, Камалетдинова НО, Асланова БФ, Накиева АГ, Бурангулова ЛЭ, Гайсина ГО. [Androgens and Parkinson's disease: the role in humans and in experiment]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:146-156. [PMID: 36689720 PMCID: PMC9939975 DOI: 10.14341/probl13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence that PD has a wider prevalence among men, which indicates the existing role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease. The article presents an overview of studies devoted to the study of sex differences in the incidence and symptoms of PD. Drug therapy with androgens, androgen precursors, antiandrogens and drugs that modify androgen metabolism is available for the treatment of various endocrine conditions, having translational significance for PD, but none of these drugs has yet shown sufficient effectiveness. Although PD has now been proven to be more common in men than in women, androgens do not always have any effect on the symptoms or progression of the disease. 5α-reductase inhibitors have shown neuroprotective and anti-dyskinetic activity and need further investigation. Despite the fact that the neuroprotective effect of dutasteride was observed only before damage to DA neurons, the absence of a negative effect makes it an attractive drug for use in patients with PD due to its anti-dyskinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Д. А. Каландин
- Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
| | | | | | - Р. М. Фаизов
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
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Mitkov J, Kondeva-Burdina M, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. Synthesis, in silico prediction of sites of metabolism and in-vitro hepatotoxicity evaluationofnew seriesN’-substituted 3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazides. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e83535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of 3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The targed compounds were obtained in yields of 54 to 100% and their structures were elucidated by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR, MS and microanalyses.
The tested compounds were subjected to in silico prediction of sites of metabolism (SOMs). The predictions show thatthe main metabolic changes will be primarily related to oxidation of the sulfur atom in the side chain, carried out under the action of CYP2C19, as well as O-demethylation of compounds containing methoxy groups.The N-demethylation of the xanthine fragment was determined to be regulated by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Theperformed in vitro studies confirmed for two of the tested compounds to be low hepatotoxic, due to the presented prooxidant effects at subcellular level (isolated rat liver microsomes). These results highlight these molecules as promising hydrazide-hydrazone structures for the design of compounds with low hepatotoxicity.
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6
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Bourque M, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Androgens and Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Human Studies and Animal Models. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 2:294-303. [PMID: 35024696 PMCID: PMC8744006 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. A greater prevalence and incidence of PD are reported in men than in women, suggesting a potential contribution of sex, genetic difference and/or sex hormones. This review presents an overview of epidemiological and clinical studies investigating sex differences in the incidence and symptoms of PD. This sex difference is replicated in animal models of PD showing an important neuroprotective role of sex steroids. Therefore, although gender and genetic factors likely contribute to the sex difference in PD, focus here will be on sex hormones because of their neuroprotective role. Androgens receive less attention than estrogen. It is well known that endogenous androgens are more abundant in healthy men than in women and decrease with aging; lower levels are reported in PD men than in healthy male subjects. Drug treatments with androgens, androgen precursors, antiandrogens, and drugs modifying androgen metabolism are available to treat various endocrine conditions, thus having translational value for PD but none have yet given sufficient positive effects for PD. Variability in the androgen receptor is reported in humans and is an additional factor in the response to androgens. In animal models of PD used to study neuroprotective activity, the androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have given inconsistent results. 5α-Reductase inhibitors have shown neuroprotective activity in animal models of PD and antidyskinetic activity. Hence, androgens have not consistently shown beneficial or deleterious effects in PD but numerous androgen-related drugs are available that could be repurposed for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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7
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Steinbusch HWM, Dolatkhah MA, Hopkins DA. Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the serotonergic system in the mammalian brain and in particular the involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus in relation to neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:41-81. [PMID: 33785137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The brainstem is a neglected brain area in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and autonomic dysfunction. In Depression, several observations have been made in relation to changes in one particular the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (DRN) which also points toward as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. The DRN is further thought to be related to stress regulated processes and cognitive events. It is involved in neurodegeneration, e.g., amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and impaired synaptic transmission in Alzheimer's disease as shown in our autopsy findings. The DRN is a phylogenetically old brain area, with projections that reach out to a large number of regions and nuclei of the central nervous system, particularly in the forebrain. These ascending projections contain multiple neurotransmitters. One of the main reasons for the past and current interest in the DRN is its involvement in depression, and its main transmitter serotonin. The DRN also points toward the increased importance and focus of the brainstem as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. This review describes the morphology, ascending projections and the complex neurotransmitter nature of the DRN, stressing its role as a key research target into the neural bases of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology-DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | | | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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8
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Sim TM, Tarini D, Dheen ST, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6070. [PMID: 32842530 PMCID: PMC7503838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ming Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Dinesh Tarini
- Government Kilpauk Medical College, The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600032, India;
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
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9
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Bianchi VE, Rizzi L, Bresciani E, Omeljaniuk RJ, Torsello A. Androgen Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa120. [PMID: 33094209 PMCID: PMC7568521 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington disease, are characterized by the loss of neurons as well as neuronal function in multiple regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several studies in animal models have shown that androgens have neuroprotective effects in the brain and stimulate axonal regeneration. The presence of neuronal androgen receptors in the peripheral and central nervous system suggests that androgen therapy might be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To illustrate, androgen therapy reduced inflammation, amyloid-β deposition, and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. As well, improvements in remyelination in MS have been reported; by comparison, only variable results are observed in androgen treatment of PD. In ALS, androgen administration stimulated motoneuron recovery from progressive damage and regenerated both axons and dendrites. Only a few clinical studies are available in human individuals despite the safety and low cost of androgen therapy. Clinical evaluations of the effects of androgen therapy on these devastating diseases using large populations of patients are strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Center Stella Maris, Strada Rovereta, Falciano, San Marino
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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10
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Maheshwari H, Vilà N, Herzog G, Walcarius A. Selective Detection of Cysteine at a Mesoporous Silica Film Electrode Functionalized with Ferrocene in the Presence of Glutathione. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Maheshwari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) UMR 7564Université de Lorraine - CNRS 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy France
| | - Neus Vilà
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) UMR 7564Université de Lorraine - CNRS 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy France
| | - Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) UMR 7564Université de Lorraine - CNRS 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy France
| | - Alain Walcarius
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME) UMR 7564Université de Lorraine - CNRS 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy France
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11
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Olatunji FP, Kesic BN, Choy CJ, Berkman CE. Phosphoramidate derivates as controlled-release prodrugs of l-Dopa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2571-2574. [PMID: 31400939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
l-Dopa has continued to be a mainstay in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, extensive peripheral metabolism, a short systemic circulation half-life and development of motor complications called dyskinesia prevents its long-term utilization as a PD therapeutic. Herein, we report a series of phosphoramidate derivatives of l-Dopa and controlled release of l-Dopa at pH 7.4 and 3. The kinetic data for the release of l-Dopa support our hypothesis that a proximal carboxylic acid can promote the pH-triggered hydrolysis of the phosphoramidate PN bond. As expected, esterification of the proximal carboxylic acid protects the scaffold from rapid release at low pH. This latter observation is particularly noteworthy as it suggests that the phosphoramidate-based l-Dopa-conjugate scaffold can be adapted for oral administration as an ester prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisola P Olatunji
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Brittany N Kesic
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Cindy J Choy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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12
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Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Tanaka H, Mochizuki H, Kato H, Hatazawa J, Tomiyama N. Quantifying the Severity of Parkinson Disease by Use of Dopaminergic Neuroimaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 213:163-168. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Schneider RB, Lu X, Biglan K, McDermott MP. Earlier Dopaminergic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease Is Not Associated With Improved Outcomes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:222-226. [PMID: 30949553 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The appropriate timing of dopaminergic treatment initiation in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a matter of debate. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether earlier initiation of treatment was associated with less worsening of total UPDRS scores over 48 months. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from the CALM-PD (Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease) trial to examine the associations between years since diagnosis and 48-month changes in total and component UPDRS scores, Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQUALIF) score, and the EuroQol-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results There were no associations between years since PD diagnosis and 48-month changes in total UPDRS, component UPDRS scores, PDQUALIF score, or EuroQol-5D VAS score. Conclusion Earlier treatment was not associated with improved long-term outcomes in this secondary analysis. Prospective studies are required to determine the appropriate timing of initiation of dopaminergic treatment to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B Schneider
- Department of Neurology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | | | - Michael P McDermott
- Department of Neurology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA
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14
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Ju UH, Liu FC, Lin CS, Huang WY, Lin TY, Shen CH, Chou YC, Lin CL, Lin KT, Kao CH, Chen CH, Yang TY. Risk of Parkinson disease in Sjögren syndrome administered ineffective immunosuppressant therapies: A nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14984. [PMID: 30946325 PMCID: PMC6455855 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the incidence and risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) according to a nationwide population-based database.In total, 12,640 patients in the SS cohort and 50,560 in the non-SS cohort were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010. We used the Cox multivariable proportional hazards model to determine the risk factors for PD in the SS cohort.We observed an increased incidence of PD in patients with SS, with a crude hazard ratio (HR) of 1.40 and an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.23. The cumulative incidence of PD was 1.95% higher in the SS cohort than in the non-SS cohort. The SS cohort had an elevated HR under medication use, namely cevimeline and pilocarpine (crude HR, 1.28), hydroxychloroquine (crude HR, 1.43; aHR, 1.46), and methylprednisolone (crude HR, 2.21; aHR, 1.49). Patients receiving other non-hydroxychloroquine immunosuppressant therapies had a lower risk (aHR, 0.86) of PD. Furthermore, patients with SS aged 20 to 49 years had a 1.93-fold higher risk of PD than did those without SS (aHR, 1.93). The risk of PD was higher (aHR, 2.20) in patients with SS without comorbidities than in those with comorbidities. The aHR of PD significantly increased when the follow-up period exceeded 9 years (aHR, 1.93).We determined an increased risk of PD in patients with SS. Further investigation is warranted to determine the possible underlying mechanisms and the potential role of non-hydroxychloroquine immunosuppressants in ameliorating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uei-Han Ju
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy
| | | | | | | | - Te-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Division of Infectious disease, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Chih-Hao Shen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
| | | | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University
| | - Chao-Hsien Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, HsinChu County, China Medical University
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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15
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Nunez MT, Chana-Cuevas P. New perspectives in iron chelation therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1905-1906. [PMID: 31290444 PMCID: PMC6676885 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Nunez
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Chana-Cuevas
- Movement Disorders Center, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Tanaka H, Mihara M, Mochizuki H, Takahashi K, Yamamoto K, Liu T, Wang Y, Tomiyama N. Comprehensive MRI quantification of the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Radiol 2018; 109:48-56. [PMID: 30527311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify dopaminergic neurodegeneration and iron overload in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to evaluate Parkinson's disease (PD) using both quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and neuromelanin imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 39 PD patients (PD group) and 25 healthy controls (HC group) who underwent brain MRI with QSM and neuromelanin imaging. QSM and neuromelanin values of the SNpc were obtained using a voxel-based automated region segmentation system. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SNpc in the neuromelanin images was calculated based on the mean value for the background region. The neuromelanin value was defined as the neuromelanin volume with an SNR higher than that of the background. The significance of the intergroup differences, and according to the severity stages in the PD group was tested for each QSM and neuromelanin value. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for diagnosing PD was performed for QSM and neuromelanin values. RESULTS The QSM value was significantly higher in the PD group than in the HC group (P < 0.05). The neuromelanin value was significantly smaller in the PD group than in the HC group (P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve were 0.68 and 0.86 for QSM and neuromelanin values, respectively. Using QSM and neuromelanin imaging to classify the PD stage was difficult. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying the SNpc alterations with our region-based approach is useful for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Mihara
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Cornell University, MedImageMetric LLC, New York, NY, 10044, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Cornell University, MedImageMetric LLC, New York, NY, 10044, USA
| | - N Tomiyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Lang AE, Espay AJ. Disease Modification in Parkinson's Disease: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Considerations. Mov Disord 2018; 33:660-677. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Repurposing sex steroids and related drugs as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 147:37-54. [PMID: 29649433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which a greater prevalence and incidence is described in men. This suggests a protective effect of sex hormones in the brain. Therefore, steroids and drugs to treat endocrine conditions could have additional application for PD. Here, we review the protective effect of sex hormones, particularly estrogens, progesterone, androgens and dehydroepiandrosterone, in animal models of PD and also in human studies. Data also support that drugs affecting estrogen neurotransmission such as selective estrogen receptor modulators or affecting steroid metabolism with 5α-reductase inhibitors could be repositioned for treatment of PD. Sex steroids are also modulator of neurotransmission, thus they could repurposed to treat PD motor symptoms and to modulate the response to PD medication. No drug is yet available to limit PD progression. PD is a complex disease implicating multiple pathological processes and a therapeutic strategy using drugs with several mechanisms of action, such as sex steroids and endocrine drugs are interesting repositioning options for symptomatic treatment and disease-modifying activity for PD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Drug Repurposing: old molecules, new ways to fast track drug discovery and development for CNS disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada.
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19
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Wang W, Hou X, Li X, Chen C, Luo X. An ultra-sensitive fluorescent “Turn On” biosensor for glutathione and its application in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 998:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Metro D, Cernaro V, Santoro D, Papa M, Buemi M, Benvenga S, Manasseri L. Beneficial effects of oral pure caffeine on oxidative stress. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017; 10:22-27. [PMID: 29204368 PMCID: PMC5691215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of coffee (which is a mixture of over 1000 hydrosoluble substances) is known to protect from type-2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, and other chronic disorders associated with increased oxidative damage in blood and tissues. This protection is generally attributed to polyphenols and melanoidins. Very few studies were conducted on the amelioration of classic blood markers of oxidative stress induced after a few days of caffeine administration, but results vary. To assess whether caffeine per se could account for antioxidant properties of coffee in the short-term, we tested the ability of pure caffeine ingestion (5 mg/kg body weight/day in two daily doses for seven consecutive days) to improve plasma levels of six biochemical indices in healthy male volunteers (n = 15). These indices were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH to GSSG ratio, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). We found that all indices changed significantly (P < .05 or < .01) in a favourable manner, ranging from -41% for GSSG to -70% for LHP levels, and +106% for GSH levels to +249% for the GSG/GSSG ratio. Changes of any given index were uniform across subjects, with no outliers. We conclude that caffeine has unequivocal, consistent antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione G, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino Padiglione C, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino Padiglione C, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Mattia Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione G, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Buemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino Padiglione C, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Italy
- Interdep Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Manasseri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione G, Messina, Italy
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21
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Non-human primate models of PD to test novel therapies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:291-324. [PMID: 28391443 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson disease show many similarities with the human disease. They are very useful to test novel pharmacotherapies as reviewed here. The various NHP models of this disease are described with their characteristics including the macaque, the marmoset, and the squirrel monkey models. Lesion-induced and genetic models are described. There is no drug to slow, delay, stop, or cure Parkinson disease; available treatments are symptomatic. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) still remains the gold standard symptomatic treatment of Parkinson. However, involuntary movements termed L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias appear in most patients after chronic treatment and may become disabling. Dyskinesias are very difficult to manage and there is only amantadine approved providing only a modest benefit. In this respect, NHP models have been useful to seek new drug targets, since they reproduce motor complications observed in parkinsonian patients. Therapies to treat motor symptoms in NHP models are reviewed with a discussion of their translational value to humans. Disease-modifying treatments tested in NHP are reviewed as well as surgical treatments. Many biochemical changes in the brain of post-mortem Parkinson disease patients with dyskinesias are reviewed and compare well with those observed in NHP models. Non-motor symptoms can be categorized into psychiatric, autonomic, and sensory symptoms. These symptoms are present in most parkinsonian patients and are already installed many years before the pre-motor phase of the disease. The translational usefulness of NHP models of Parkinson is discussed for non-motor symptoms.
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Xu T, Zhou J, Zhu J, Zhang S, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Ding C, Shi X, Yao J. Carnosic acid protects non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced dopaminergic neuron injury in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:483-491. [PMID: 27957651 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported to induce cognitive impairments of hippocampus and may influence central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated whether carnosic acid (CA) ameliorates dopaminergic neuron injury in a rat model of NAFLD. In order to induce NAFLD, rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. We found that continued CA administration reduced lipid accumulation marked by decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the serum. H&E staining revealed that feeding CA reduced lipid droplets accumulation, and alleviated oxidative stress by increasing in superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and decreasing in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver. In addition, by measuring several parameters of gait analysis, we demonstrated that CA treatment ameliorated behavioral impairments, as evidenced by decreased duration and maximum variation, accompanied by increased average speed and cadence. Furthermore, CA treated-animals displayed an increase in the contents of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacelic acid (DOPAC) and elevated the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) as well as the TH protein in the striatum. Together, these findings suggest that CA may be an effective agent in protecting rats from NAFLD-induced dopaminergic neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Shi C, Zheng Z, Wang Q, Wang C, Zhang D, Zhang M, Chan P, Wang X. Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants on Clinical Profiles of Parkinson's Disease Assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn-Yahr Stage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155758. [PMID: 27299523 PMCID: PMC4907455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic variants have been linked to familial or sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), among which those identified in PARK16, BST1, SNCA, LRRK2, GBA and MAPT genes have been demonstrated to be the most common risk factors worldwide. Moreover, complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been highlighted in PD pathogenesis. Compared to studies focusing on the predisposing effects of genes, there is a relative lack of research investigating how these genes and their interactions influence the clinical profiles of PD. In a cohort consisting of 2,011 Chinese Han PD patients, we selected 9 representative variants from the 6 above-mentioned common PD genes to analyze their main and epistatic effects on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage of PD. With multiple linear regression models adjusting for medication status, disease duration, gender and age at onset, none of the variants displayed significant main effects on UPDRS or the H-Y scores. However, for gene-gene interaction analyses, 7 out of 37 pairs of variants showed significant or marginally significant associations with these scores. Among these, the GBA rs421016 (L444P)×LRRK2 rs33949390 (R1628P) interaction was consistently significant in relation to UPDRS III and UPDRS total (I+II+III), even after controlling for the family-wise error rate using False Discovery Rate (FDR-corrected p values are 0.0481 and 0.0070, respectively). Although the effects of the remaining pairs of variants did not survive the FDR correction, they showed marginally significant associations with either UPDRS or the H-Y stage (raw p<0.05). Our results highlight the importance of epistatic effects of multiple genes on the determination of PD clinical profiles and may have implications for molecular classification and personalized intervention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Dabao Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Min Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Alzheimer Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
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Botsakis K, Theodoritsi S, Grintzalis K, Angelatou F, Antonopoulos I, Georgiou C, Margarity M, Matsokis N, Panagopoulos N. 17β-Estradiol/N-acetylcysteine interaction enhances the neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the weaver model of dopamine deficiency. Neuroscience 2016; 320:221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Kobayashi M, Ohira T, Mihara B, Fujimaki T. Changes in intracortical inhibition and clinical symptoms after STN-DBS in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2031-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lafo JA, Jones JD, Okun MS, Bauer RM, Price CC, Bowers D. Memory Similarities Between Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease: A Final Common Pathway? Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29:985-1001. [PMID: 26689342 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of literature supports the view that essential tremor (ET) involves alteration of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks which can result in working memory and executive deficits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with ET would exhibit worse performance on memory tasks requiring more intrinsic organization and structuring (i.e., word lists) relative to those with fewer 'executive' demands (i.e., stories), similar to that previously observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD Participants included a convenience sample of 68 ET patients and 68 idiopathic PD patients, retrospectively matched based on age, education, and sex. All patients underwent routine neuropsychological evaluation assessing recent memory, auditory attention/working memory, language, and executive function. Memory measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R and WMS-III Logical Memory. RESULTS Both ET and PD patients performed significantly worse on word list than story memory recall tasks. The magnitude of the difference between these two memory tasks was similar for ET and PD patients. In both patient groups, performance on measures of executive function and auditory attention/working memory was not distinctly correlated with word list vs. story recall. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that frontal-executive dysfunction in both ET and PD may negatively influence performance on memory tests that are not inherently organized. Although the pathophysiology of these two 'movement disorders' are quite distinct, both have downstream effects on thalamo-frontal circuitry which may provide a common pathway for a similar memory phenotype. Findings are discussed in terms of neuroimaging evidence, conceptual models, and best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Lafo
- a Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health & Health Professions , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Jacob D Jones
- a Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health & Health Professions , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- b Department of Neurology , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Russell M Bauer
- a Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health & Health Professions , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- a Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health & Health Professions , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- b Department of Neurology , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration , University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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27
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Neuroactive gonadal drugs for neuroprotection in male and female models of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 67:79-88. [PMID: 26708712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The existence of sex differences in Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence is well documented with greater prevalence and earlier age at onset in men than in women. These reported sex differences could be related to estrogen exposure. In PD animal models, estrogen is well documented to be neuroprotective against dopaminergic neuron loss induced by neurotoxins. Using the 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model, we showed that several compounds are neuroprotective on dopaminergic neurons including estrogen, the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist PPT as well as the G protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER1) specific agonist G1. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPER1 could be implicated in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen, raloxifene and G1 in collaboration with ERα. We recently reported that the 5α-reductase inhibitor Dutasteride is also neuroprotective and could bring an alternative to estrogens for therapy in male. Additional studies are needed to optimize therapies with these gonadal drugs into safe personalized treatments according to sex for treatment of PD.
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Chou KL, Kotagal V, Bohnen NI. Neuroimaging and clinical predictors of fatigue in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 23:45-9. [PMID: 26683744 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is disabling in Parkinson disease. It is often associated with other non-motor symptoms, but little is known about its underlying pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To investigate neuroimaging (using dopaminergic and cholinergic PET) and clinical factors associated with fatigue severity in PD. METHODS 133 PD subjects (96M/37F) completed the Fatigue Severity Scale, Movement Disorders Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Hoehn-Yahr staging, validated scales for depression, anxiety, apathy, sleep, and cognition, and underwent [(11)C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate (PMP) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and [(11)C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) monoaminergic PET imaging. We explored contributions to PD fatigue using separate regression models based either on neuroimaging parameters or clinicometric scales. RESULTS In a neuroimaging regression model, neither striatal DTBZ uptake nor AChE PMP uptake were predictors of fatigue in PD. In a post-hoc neuroimaging regression model, stratifying the total cohort into mild vs. moderate-to-severe PD, striatal DTBZ uptake was a significant predictor of fatigue in mild but not moderate-to-severe PD. In a clinicometric regression model, higher Beck Depression Inventory-somatic subscore, higher levodopa dose equivalents and younger age were all significant predictors of fatigue in PD, but the MDS-UPDRS non-motor experiences of daily living score was the best predictor overall. CONCLUSIONS Cholinergic uptake was not a predictor of fatigue in PD, but nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation predicted fatigue in mild disease. Total non-motor symptom burden, somatic affective symptoms, levodopa dose equivalents, and younger age were independent clinical predictors of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin L Chou
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Vikas Kotagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neurology Service and GRECC, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neurology Service and GRECC, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chen H, Bao X, Li F, Zhou B, Ye R, Zhu J. Synthesis of a new highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent iridium(iii) probe and its application for the highly selective detection of glutathione. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new near-IR fluorescent probe (probe 1) based on the IR 780 skeleton exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards Ir(iii) in an EtOH/H2O solution. The probe 1–Ir(iii) complex was also used for the highly selective detection of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Renlong Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- PR China
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Lotfi Zadeh Zhad HR, Lai RY. A Hg(ii)-mediated “signal-on” electrochemical glutathione sensor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8385-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Funke C, Schneider SA, Berg D, Kell DB. Genetics and iron in the systems biology of Parkinson’s disease and some related disorders. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:637-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhou J, Sun Y, Zhao X, Deng Z, Pu X. 3-O-demethylswertipunicoside inhibits MPP⁺-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Brain Res 2013; 1508:53-62. [PMID: 23499562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 3-O-demethylswertipunicoside (3-ODS) is extracted from Swertia punicea. Recent study from our laboratory has demonstrated that the 3-ODS protects against oxidative toxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells (Zhang, S.P., Du, X.G., Pu, X.P., 2010. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 33, 1529-1533). The aim of our study is to further investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of 3-ODS in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The results indicated that pre-treatment with 3-ODS significantly increased the cell viability compared with MPP(+) treatment. It also alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level and reactive oxygen specise (ROS) production. Moreover, 3-ODS also attenuated MPP(+)-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Bax and Bcl-2 expressions, activating caspase-9, caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation and α-synuclein expression. These results suggest that 3-ODS might has applications as a complementary medicine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhou
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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ZITKA ONDREJ, SKALICKOVA SYLVIE, GUMULEC JAROMIR, MASARIK MICHAL, ADAM VOJTECH, HUBALEK JAROMIR, TRNKOVA LIBUSE, KRUSEOVA JARMILA, ECKSCHLAGER TOMAS, KIZEK RENE. Redox status expressed as GSH:GSSG ratio as a marker for oxidative stress in paediatric tumour patients. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:1247-1253. [PMID: 23205122 PMCID: PMC3506742 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes profound alterations of various biological structures, including cellular membranes, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and it is involved in numerous malignancies. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is considered to be one of the most important scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its ratio with oxidised glutathione (GSSG) may be used as a marker of oxidative stress. The main aim of this study was to determine GSH:GSSG ratio in the blood serum of paediatric cancer patients to use this ratio as a potential marker of oxidative stress. The whole procedure was optimised and the recoveries for both substances were greater than 80% under the optimised conditions. We analysed a group of paediatric patients (n=116) with various types of cancer, including neuroblastoma, anaplastic ependymoma, germ cell tumour, genital tract tumour, lymphadenopathy, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, medulloblastoma and retinoblastoma. We simultaneously determined the levels of reduced and oxidised glutathione, and thus, its ratio in the blood serum of the patients. The highest ratio was observed in retinoblastoma patients and the lowest in anaplastic ependymoma. We were able to distinguish between the diagnoses based on the results of the obtained GSH:GSSG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- ONDREJ ZITKA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
| | - SYLVIE SKALICKOVA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
| | - JAROMIR GUMULEC
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500
| | - MICHAL MASARIK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500
| | - VOJTECH ADAM
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600
| | - JAROMIR HUBALEK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
| | - LIBUSE TRNKOVA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500
| | - JARMILA KRUSEOVA
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 15006,
Czech Republic
| | - TOMAS ECKSCHLAGER
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 15006,
Czech Republic
| | - RENE KIZEK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600
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Du G, Lewis MM, Sen S, Wang J, Shaffer ML, Styner M, Yang QX, Huang X. Imaging nigral pathology and clinical progression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1636-43. [PMID: 23008179 PMCID: PMC3510346 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of dopamine cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to be prominent in the ventrolateral and caudal substantia nigra (SN), but less severe in the dorsal and rostral region. Both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and R2* relaxometry of the SN have been reported as potential markers for PD, but their relative ability to mark disease progression and differences in pathophysiological bases remains unclear. High-resolution T2-weighted, R2*, and DTI were obtained from 28 controls and 40 PD subjects [15 early stage [disease duration ≤1 year], 14 mid stage [duration 2-5 years], and 11 late stage [duration >5 years]). Fractional anisotropy and R2* values in both rostral and caudal SN were obtained for all subjects, and clinical measures (e.g., disease duration, levodopa-equivalent daily dosage, and "off"-drug UPDRS motor score) were obtained for Parkinson's subjects. There was no correlation between fractional anisotropy and clinical measures, whereas R2* was strongly associated with disease progression. Compared to controls, fractional anisotropy in caudal SN was significantly decreased in PD patients of all stages, whereas in rostral SN, it was decreased significantly only in the late-stage group. R2* in both SN regions was significantly increased in the mid- and late-stage, but not early-stage, of PD subjects. These findings suggest that fractional anisotropy changes may mark early pathological changes in caudal SN, whereas the changes in R2* may more closely track PD's clinical progression after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Mechelle M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Suman Sen
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Michele L. Shaffer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Qing X. Yang
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Aluf Y, Vaya J, Khatib S, Loboda Y, Finberg JPM. Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A or B reduces striatal oxidative stress in rats with partial depletion of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway. Neuropharmacology 2012; 65:48-57. [PMID: 22982254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Partial lesion (50%) of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway induces compensatory increase in dopamine release from the remaining neurons and increased extracellular oxidative stress (OS(-ec)) in the striatum. The present study was designed to explore the role of monoamine oxidase types A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) in producing this increased oxidative stress. Lesion of the dopaminergic pathways in the CNS was produced in rats by intra-cerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 250 μg) and striatal microdialysis was carried out 5 weeks later. Striatal OS(ec) was determined by measurement of oxidized derivatives of the marker molecule N-linoleyl-tyrosine. Striatal tissue MAO-A activity was unchanged by 6-OHDA lesion but MAO-B activity was increased by 16%, together with a 45% increase in glial cell content. The selective MAO-B inhibitor rasagiline (0.05 mg/kg s.c. daily for 14 days) did not affect microdialysate dopamine concentration [DA(ec)] in sham-operated rats, but decreased OS(ec) by 30%. In lesioned rats, rasagiline decreased [DA(ec)] by 42% with a 49% reduction in OS(ec). The decrease in [DA(ec)] was reversed by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (10 mg/kg s.c.). The selective MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline (0.2 mg/kg s.c. daily for 14 days) increased striatal [DA(ec)] by 72% in sham-operated rats with no change in OS(ec). In lesioned rats clorgyline increased [DA(ec)] by 66% and decreased OS(ec) by 44%. Rasagiline and clorgyline were effective to a similar extent in reduction of tissue levels of 7-ketocholesterol and the ratio GSSG/GSH, indicative of reduced intracellular oxidative stress level. This data implies that gliosis in our 6-OHDA animals together with inhibition of glial cell MAO-B by rasagiline causes an increase in local levels of dopamine at the presynaptic receptors, and a reduction in dopamine release (and in [DA(ec)]) by presynaptic inhibition. Moreover, inhibition of MAO-A or MAO-B reduces the enhanced level of oxidative stress in the lesioned striatum, and while both clorgyline and rasagiline reduced DA oxidative metabolism, rasagiline possesses an additional antioxidant property, not only that resulting from MAO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Aluf
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Medical Faculty, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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36
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Lang AE, Melamed E, Poewe W, Rascol O. Trial designs used to study neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 28:86-95. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Eldad Melamed
- The Norma and Alan Aufzien Chair for Resarch of Parkinson's Disease; Tel Aviv University; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv; Israel
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck; Austria
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Clinical Investigation Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences; CIC9302 INSERM and UMR825; Toulouse University Hospital; University of Toulouse-3; Toulouse; France
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Dickson DW. Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:cshperspect.a009258. [PMID: 22908195 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism, the clinical term for a disorder with prominent bradykinesia and variable associated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, is accompanied by degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, with neuronal loss and reactive gliosis in the substantia nigra found at autopsy. Parkinsonism is pathologically heterogeneous, with the most common pathologic substrates related to abnormalities in the presynaptic protein α-synuclein or the microtubule binding protein tau. In idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein accumulates in neuronal perikarya (Lewy bodies) and neuronal processes (Lewy neurites). The disease process is multifocal and involves select central nervous system neurons and peripheral autonomic nervous system neurons. The particular set of neurons affected determines nonmotor clinical presentations. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is the other major α-synucleinopathy. It is also associated with autonomic dysfunction and in some cases with cerebellar signs. The hallmark histopathologic feature of MSA is accumulation of α-synuclein within glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI). The most common of the Parkinsonian tauopathies is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which is clinically associated with severe postural instability leading to early falls. The tau pathology of PSP also affects both neurons and glia. Given the population frequency of PD, α-synuclein pathology similar to that in PD, but not accompanied by neuronal loss, is relatively common (10% of people over 65 years of age) in neurologically normal individuals, leading to proposed staging schemes for PD progression. Although MSA-like and PSP-like pathology can be detected in neurologically normal individuals, such cases are too infrequent to permit assessment of patterns of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Postuma RB, Lang AE, Gagnon JF, Pelletier A, Montplaisir JY. How does parkinsonism start? Prodromal parkinsonism motor changes in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2012; 135:1860-70. [PMID: 22561644 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism, as a gradually progressive disorder, has a prodromal interval during which neurodegeneration has begun but cardinal manifestations have not fully developed. A systematic direct assessment of this interval has never been performed. Since patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder are at very high risk of parkinsonism, they provide a unique opportunity to observe directly the development of parkinsonism. Patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder in an ongoing cohort study were evaluated annually with several quantitative motor measures, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Purdue Pegboard, alternate-tap test and timed up-and-go. Patients who developed parkinsonism were identified from this cohort and matched according to age to normal controls. Their results on motor testing from the preceding years were plotted, and then assessed with regression analysis, to determine when markers first deviated from normal values. Sensitivity and specificity of quantitative motor markers for diagnosing prodromal parkinsonism were assessed. Of 78 patients, 20 developed parkinsonism. On regression analysis, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale first intersected normal values at an estimated 4.5 years before diagnosis. Voice and face akinesia intersected earliest (estimated prodromal interval = 9.8 years), followed by rigidity (4.4 years), gait abnormalities (4.4 years) and limb bradykinesia (4.2 years). Quantitative motor tests intersected normal values at longer prodromal intervals than subjective examination (Purdue Pegboard = 8.6 years, alternate-tap = 8.2, timed up-and-go = 6.3). Using Purdue Pegboard and the alternate-tap test, parkinsonism could be detected with 71-82% sensitivity and specificity 3 years before diagnosis, whereas a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score >4 identified prodromal parkinsonism with 88% sensitivity and 94% specificity 2 years before diagnosis. Removal of action tremor scores improved sensitivity to 94% and specificity to 97% at 2 years before diagnosis (cut-off >3). Although distinction between conditions was often difficult, prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies appeared to have a slower progression than Parkinson's disease (prodromal interval = 6.0 versus 3.8 years). Using a cut-off of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale >3 (excluding action tremor), 25% of patients with 'still-idiopathic' REM sleep behaviour disorder demonstrated evidence of possible prodromal parkinsonism. Therefore, using direct assessment of motor examination before parkinsonism in a REM sleep behaviour disorder, we have estimated a prodromal interval of ∼4.5 years on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; other quantitative markers may detect parkinsonism earlier. Simple quantitative motor measures may be capable of reliably detecting parkinsonism, even before a clinical diagnosis can be made by experienced movement disorders neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
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Harfield JC, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Electrochemical determination of glutathione: a review. Analyst 2012; 137:2285-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Frazão NF, Albuquerque EL, Fulco UL, Azevedo DL, Mendonça GLF, Lima-Neto P, Caetano EWS, Santana JV, Freire VN. Four-level levodopa adsorption on C60 fullerene for transdermal and oral administration: a computational study. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20606d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Archer T, Kostrzewa RM, Beninger RJ, Palomo T. Staging neurodegenerative disorders: structural, regional, biomarker, and functional progressions. Neurotox Res 2011; 19:211-34. [PMID: 20393891 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The notion of staging in the neurodegenerative disorders is modulated by the constant and progressive loss of several aspects of brain structural integrity, circuitry, and neuronal processes. These destructive processes eventually remove individuals' abilities to perform at sufficient and necessary functional capacity at several levels of disease severity. The classification of (a) patients on the basis of diagnosis, risk prognosis, and intervention outcome, forms the basis of clinical staging, and (b) laboratory animals on the basis of animal model of brain disorder, extent of insult, and dysfunctional expression, provides the components for the clinical staging and preclinical staging, respectively, expressing associated epidemiological, biological, and genetic characteristics. The major focus of clinical staging in the present account stems from the fundamental notions of Braak staging as they describe the course and eventual prognosis for Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Mild cognitive impairment, which expresses the decline in episodic and semantic memory performance below the age-adjusted normal range without marked loss of global cognition or activities of daily living, and the applications of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, major instruments for the monitoring of either disease progression in dementia, present important challenges for staging concepts. Although Braak notions present the essential basis for further developments, current staging conceptualizations seem inadequate to comply with the massive influx of information dealing with neurodegenerative processes in brain, advanced both under clinical realities, and discoveries in the laboratory setting. The contributions of various biomarkers of disease progression, e.g., amyloid precursor protein, and neurotransmitter system imbalances, e.g., dopamine receptor supersensitivity and interactive propensities, await their incorporation into the existing staging models thereby underlining the ongoing, dynamic feature of the staging of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Limsoontarakul S, Campbell MC, Black KJ. A perfusion MRI study of emotional valence and arousal in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:742907. [PMID: 21969917 PMCID: PMC3182403 DOI: 10.4061/2011/742907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Brain regions subserving emotion have mostly been studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during emotion provocation procedures in healthy participants.
Objective. To identify neuroanatomical regions associated with spontaneous changes in emotional state over time. Methods. Self-rated emotional valence and arousal scores, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by perfusion MRI, were measured 4 or 8 times spanning at least 2 weeks in each of 21 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). A random-effects SPM analysis, corrected for multiple comparisons, identified significant clusters of contiguous voxels in which rCBF varied with valence or arousal. Results. Emotional valence correlated positively with rCBF in several brain regions, including medial globus pallidus, orbital prefrontal cortex (PFC), and white matter near putamen, thalamus, insula, and medial PFC. Valence correlated negatively with rCBF in striatum, subgenual cingulate cortex, ventrolateral PFC, and precuneus—posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Arousal correlated positively with rCBF in clusters including claustrum-thalamus-ventral striatum and inferior parietal lobule and correlated negatively in clusters including posterior insula—mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the temporal stability of perfusion MRI allows within-subject investigations of spontaneous fluctuations in mental state, such as mood, over relatively long-time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunsern Limsoontarakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Asymmetry in parkinsonism, spreading pathogens and the nose. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 18:1-9. [PMID: 21752693 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, as well as many other parkinsonisms, including most toxic, neurodegenerative and familial types are typically asymmetric. No explanation for this phenomenon exists. A summary of the frequency of asymmetry in a spectrum of parkinsonian disorders is provided. Evidence against asymmetry being the result of normal asymmetries of the substantia nigrais reviewed. Asymmetry either results from a greater susceptibility on one side or a spreading pathology entering or starting on one side of the CNS. With the increasing evidence for spreading pathologies (toxins, viruses, α-synuclein), knowledge of neuroanatomical connections, and literature implicating spreading pathogens from the enteric and olfactory nerves, potential explanations can be theorized and explored, including the possibility of a pathogen preferentially entering or originating in the olfactory bulb on one side, with subsequent involvement of the other side.
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Clarke CE, Patel S, Ives N, Rick C, Wheatley K, Gray R. Should treatment for Parkinson's disease start immediately on diagnosis or delayed until functional disability develops? Mov Disord 2011; 26:1187-93. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Leduc V, Domenger D, De Beaumont L, Lalonde D, Bélanger-Jasmin S, Poirier J. Function and comorbidities of apolipoprotein e in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:974361. [PMID: 21559182 PMCID: PMC3089878 DOI: 10.4061/2011/974361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)—the most common type of dementia among the elderly—represents one of the most challenging and urgent medical mysteries affecting our aging population. Although dominant inherited mutation in genes involved in the amyloid metabolism can elicit familial AD, the overwhelming majority of AD cases, dubbed sporadic AD, do not display this Mendelian inheritance pattern. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the main lipid carrier protein in the central nervous system, is the only gene that has been robustly and consistently associated with AD risk. The purpose of the current paper is thus to highlight the pleiotropic roles and the structure-function relationship of APOE to stimulate both the functional characterization and the identification of novel lipid homeostasis-related molecular targets involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Leduc
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Perry Pavilion, E-3207.1, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H1R3
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Cordellini MF, Piazzetta G, Pinto KC, Delattre AM, Matheussi F, Carolino ROG, Szawka RE, Anselmo-Franci JA, Ferraz AC. Effect of Different Doses of Estrogen on the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System in Two 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Lesion Models of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:955-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Distinct effects of pramipexole on the proliferation of adult mouse sub-ventricular zone-derived cells and the appearance of a neuronal phenotype. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60:892-900. [PMID: 21272591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pramipexole (PPX) is a dopamine agonist with an 8-fold higher affinity for D3 than D2 receptor, whose efficacy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is based on dopamine agonistic activity. PPX has also been recently shown to be endowed with neuroprotective activity and neurogenic potential. The aim of this study was a more detailed characterization of PPX-induced neurogenesis. Both D2 and D3 receptors are expressed in floating and differentiated neurospheres obtained from the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of adult mice. Treatment of secondary neurospheres with 10 μM PPX causes a marked induction of cell proliferation, assessed by enhanced cell number and S phase population at cell cycle analysis. Stimulation of proliferation by PPX is still detectable in plated neurospheres before the onset of migration and differentiation, as by enhanced BrdU incorporation. This effect is sensitive to the selective D3 dopamine receptor antagonist U99194A, as well as to sulpiride. A 24 h treatment with PPX does not modify the morphology of neurosphere-derived cells, but causes an increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells, an effect sensitive to both D2 and D3 antagonism. Differentiation toward the neuronal lineage is increased by PPX as shown by enhancement of the cell population positive to the early neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX) at 24 h and the mature neuronal marker microtubule associated protein (MAP2) at 72 h. This effect is not modified by treatment with U99194A and is mimicked by BDNF. Accordingly, PPX increases BDNF release with a mechanism involving D2 but not D3 receptors.
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de la Fuente-Fernández R, Schulzer M, Kuramoto L, Cragg J, Ramachandiran N, Au WL, Mak E, McKenzie J, McCormick S, Sossi V, Ruth TJ, Lee CS, Calne DB, Stoessl AJ. Age-specific progression of nigrostriatal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2011; 69:803-10. [PMID: 21246604 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in vivo the impact of age on nigrostriatal dopamine dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS PD patients (n = 78) and healthy control subjects (n = 35) underwent longitudinal positron emission tomography assessments using 3 presynaptic dopamine markers: (1) [¹¹C](±)dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ), to estimate the density of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2; (2) [¹¹C]d-threo-methylphenidate, to estimate the density of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter; and (3) 6-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-L-dopa, to estimate the activity of the enzyme dopa-decarboxylase. RESULTS The study comprised 438 PD scans and 241 control scans (679 scans in total). At symptom onset, the loss of putamen DTBZ binding was substantially greater in younger compared to older PD patients (p = 0.015). Remarkably, however, the rate of progression of DTBZ binding loss was significantly slower in younger patients (p < 0.05). The estimated presymptomatic phase of the disease spanned more than 2 decades in younger patients, compared to 1 decade in older patients. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that, compared to older patients, younger PD patients progress more slowly and are able to endure more damage to the dopaminergic system before the first motor symptoms appear. These observations suggest that younger PD patients have more efficient compensatory mechanisms.
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van Rooden SM, Colas F, Martínez-Martín P, Visser M, Verbaan D, Marinus J, Chaudhuri RK, Kok JN, van Hilten JJ. Clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 26:51-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Maetzler W, Schmid SP, Wurster I, Liepelt I, Gaenslen A, Gasser T, Berg D. Reduced but not oxidized cerebrospinal fluid glutathione levels are lowered in Lewy body diseases. Mov Disord 2010; 26:176-81. [PMID: 20842692 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced (GSH(R)) but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) has been shown to be dramatically altered in the substantia nigra (SN) of Lewy body disease (LBD) patients post mortem; but up to now, there is no convincing evidence that these changes can be monitored in vivo. We investigated GSH(R) and GSSG in rapidly processed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples of 80 LBD and 35 control subjects and detected reduced CSF GSH(R) levels in LBD subjects. The reduction was negatively associated with age but not with disease-associated parameters. Plasma GSH(R), CSF GSSG, and plasma GSSG levels did not significantly differ between the groups. Our findings confirm the results from neuropathologic studies, which demonstrated an alteration of the glutathione system in LBD. We hypothesize that alterations of the glutathione system occur in a very early stage of the disease or may even represent a risk marker for LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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