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Dote K, Ikemune K, Desaki Y, Nandate H, Konisi A, Yorozuya T, Makino H. Two Japanese Pioneers in Anesthesiology: Seishū Hanaoka and Gendai Kamada. J Anesth Hist 2017; 3:19-23. [PMID: 28160985 DOI: 10.1016/j.janh.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Seishū Hanaoka and Gendai Kamada are two Japanese pioneers in anesthesiology. Seishū Hanaoka was the world's first surgeon on record to successfully perform surgery under general anesthesia in 1804. Seishū discovered that six medicinal herbs containing Datura, stramonium, and Aconitum had anesthetic properties. From these, he developed Mafutsusan. His fame spread across Japan, and he was inundated with requests from patients and prospective students. He founded a private medical school (Shunrinken) and trained more than 1000 students. Gendai Kamada was an outstanding pupil of Seishū Hanaoka. From the perspective of the history of anesthesiology, three of Gendai's achievements had a global impact. (1) In 1839, he wrote the first textbook of clinical anesthesiology, Mafutsuto-ron; (2) in 1840, he authored Gekakihai-zufu, which included some of the oldest illustrations of surgery under general anesthesia; and (3) he trained Gensei Matsuoka, the world's second anesthesiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Dote
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Keizo Ikemune
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Desaki
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nandate
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amane Konisi
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tosihiro Yorozuya
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu Medical University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Yachiyo Toho Hospital, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
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Dote K, Yorozuya T, Ikemune K, Desaki Y. Management of patients under general anesthesia with mafutsu-san in Hanaoka-style surgery: comparisons of illustrations from Geka-Kihai-Zufu with descriptions from Mafutsuto-Ron and Yohka-Hiroku. J Anesth 2014; 29:96-101. [PMID: 24970677 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-014-1868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seishu Hanaoka (1760-1835) left behind no books that he himself had written. This is why many aspects of Hanaoka-style general anesthesia using a mixture of herbal extracts, which he called mafutsu-san, remain unknown. We are able to learn about this technique today because there are several descriptions of it in books written by his students, such as Mafutsuto-Ron ("Treatise on Mafutsuto") by Gendai Kamata (1794-1854) and Yohka-Hiroku ("Secret Records of Surgery") by Gencho Homma (1804-1872). On the other hand, Geka-Kihai-Zufu ("Illustrations of Surgical Cases"), a surgical textbook, by Gendai Kamata, containing one of the oldest illustrations of general anesthesia published in 1840, was recently rediscovered (2011). For the first time, this book revealed, in the form of a picture image, the actual circumstances of Hanaoka-style general anesthesia. METHODS We therefore compared the descriptions of general anesthesia featured in these three documents, and thereby investigated the actual anesthetic management and the procedures used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that the circumstances under which Hanaoka-style general anesthesia, using fabrics and futon mattresses, as well as blindfolding and constraining the patient's body during surgery, were exactly as described in Mafutsuto-Ron and Yohka-Hiroku. In addition, besides a surgeon conducting an operation, there was a physician who observed the patient's general condition. Gendai Kamata, the author of Geka-Kihai-Zufu, is believed to have recognized the importance of anesthetic care of surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Dote
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan,
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