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Gohel P, White M, Agarwal N, Fields P D, Ozpinar A, Alan N. Longitudinal Analysis of Peripheral Nerve Surgery Training: Comparison of Neurosurgery to Plastic and Orthopedic Surgery. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:e41-e48. [PMID: 35108647 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents in multiple surgical specialties are trained to perform peripheral nerve surgery (PNS), but the extent of exposure to this field varies among specialties. This study evaluates trends in volume of PNS performed during residency for neurologic surgery trainees compared to those in plastic and orthopedic surgery between 2009 and 2019. METHODS We queried ACGME for neurologic, plastic, and orthopedic surgery resident case-logs and compared mean number of PNS between graduating residents of each specialty using a one-way analysis of variance test. Linear regression was utilized to determine trends within and across the specialties over the study period. RESULTS Neurosurgery residents (24.76 ± 3.41) performed significantly fewer PNS than their counterparts in orthopedic (54.56 ± 6.85) and plastic surgery (71.96 ± 12.20), P < 0.001. Residents in neurologic surgery reported over 1.5-fold as many cases as their ACGME-required minimum, in contrast to plastic (2.5-fold) and orthopedic (5-fold). Plastics residents (3.46 cases/year) demonstrated the greatest longitudinal increase in PNS, followed by neurosurgery residents (0.81 cases/year). PNS accounted for a mean of 5.81% of neurosurgery resident cases, 4.20% of plastic surgery resident cases, and 2.98% of orthopedic surgery resident cases (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgery residents exceeded the required minimum number of PNS and were increasingly more exposed to PNS. However, compared with their counterparts in orthopedic and plastic surgery, neurosurgery residents performed significantly fewer cases. Exposure for neurosurgery residents remains unchanged over the study period while plastic surgery residents experienced an increase in case volume. The deficiency in exposure for neurosurgical residents must be addressed to harness interest and proficiency in PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulomi Gohel
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael White
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daryl Fields P
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nima Alan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Wilson CM, Brown NJ, Detchou DKE. Letter: Impact of Sub-Internship Cancellations in Neurosurgery During COVID-19. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:E201-E202. [PMID: 34192742 PMCID: PMC8344663 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma M Wilson
- Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nolan J Brown
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Irvine, California, USA
| | - Donald K E Detchou
- Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Frazier Scholar Program Department of Neurosurgery Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Kumar R, Hersh DS, Smith LGF, Gordon WE, Khan NR, Gienapp AJ, Gungor B, Herr MJ, Vaughn BN, Michael LM, Klimo P. Resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across the United States. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021; 27:716-724. [PMID: 33836496 DOI: 10.3171/2020.9.peds20518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurosurgical residents receive exposure to the subspecialty of pediatric neurosurgery during training. The authors sought to determine resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgical programs. METHODS During 2018-2019, pediatric neurosurgical case logs for recent graduates or current residents who completed their primary pediatric exposure were collected from US continental ACGME training programs. Using individual resident reports and procedure designations, operative volumes and case diversity were analyzed collectively, according to training site characteristics, and also correlated with the recently described Resident Experience Score (RES). RESULTS Of the 114 programs, a total of 316 resident case logs (range 1-19 residents per program) were received from 86 (75%) programs. The median cumulative pediatric case volume per resident was 109 (IQR 75-161). Residents at programs with a pediatric fellowship reported a higher median case volume (143, IQR 96-187) than residents at programs without (91, IQR 66-129; p < 0.0001). Residents at programs that outsource their pediatric rotation had a lower median case volume (84, IQR 52-114) compared with those at programs with an in-house experience (117, IQR 79-170; p < 0.0001). The case diversity index among all programs ranged from 0.61 to 0.80, with no statistically significant differences according to the Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships designation or pediatric experience site (p > 0.05). The RES correlated moderately (r = 0.44) with median operative volumes per program. A program's annual pediatric operative volume and duration of pediatric experience were identified as significant predictive factors for median resident operative volume. CONCLUSIONS Resident experience in pediatric neurosurgery is variable within and between programs. Case volumes are generally higher for residents at programs with in-house exposure and an accredited fellowship, but case diversity is relatively uniform across all programs. RES provides some insight on anticipated case volume, but other unexplained factors remain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Hersh
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington.,3Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut; and
| | - Luke G F Smith
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Andrew J Gienapp
- Departments of5Neurosurgery and.,6Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; and
| | | | - Michael J Herr
- 7Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | | - L Madison Michael
- Departments of5Neurosurgery and.,6Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; and.,8Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Departments of5Neurosurgery and.,6Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; and.,8Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
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4
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Salwi S, Chitale RV, Kelly PD. Harvey Cushing's Wanderjahr (1900-1901). World Neurosurg 2020; 142:476-480. [PMID: 32698081 PMCID: PMC8048037 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Harvey Cushing's 14-month Wanderjahr had a profound effect on his subsequent personal career, which in turn ushered in the modern age of American neurosurgery. From July 1900 to August 1901, he traveled to European neurosurgical centers in England, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany. His excursion happened at a crucial moment in his trajectory; it was built on his existing foundation of Halstedian surgical training and occurred at a time when interest in the special field of neurological surgery was emerging. The research and clinical experiences on his journey-good and bad-undoubtedly informed his fledgling neurosurgical practice. We present a concise account of Harvey Cushing's time in Europe that consolidates accounts from Cushing's travel journals, biographers, and other neurosurgeons. This article highlights tensions in prior works and reveals new insights into the transformative nature of his Wanderjahr. Furthermore, we contextualize his travels and achievements within the broader transformation of American medical education at the turn of the 20th century to elucidate how Europe influenced American medicine. We briefly consider parallel benefits of Harvey Cushing's Wanderjahr and modern domestic or international training opportunities and present potential areas of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Salwi
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Rohan V Chitale
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrick D Kelly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Gordon WE, Gienapp AJ, Khan NR, Hersh DS, Parikh K, Vaughn BN, Madison Michael L, Klimo P. Commentary: The Clinical Experience of a Junior Resident in Pediatric Neurosurgery and Introduction of the Resident Experience Score. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E447-E454. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William E Gordon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew J Gienapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nickalus R Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David S Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kara Parikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - L Madison Michael
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
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Ottenhausen M, Anetsberger S, Kleffmann J, Schuss P, Konczalla J, Krawagna M, Burkhardt JK, Reitz M, Xu R, Albers L, Ntoulias G, Meyer B, Joedicke A, Krieg SM. Risk Factors for Dropping Out of Neurosurgical Residency Programs—A Survey Study. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e100-e106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Davidson B, Alotaibi NM, Guha D, Amaral S, Kulkarni AV, Lozano AM. Studying Behaviors Among Neurosurgery Residents Using Web 2.0 Analytic Tools. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2017; 74:1088-1093. [PMID: 28583426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web 2.0 technologies (e.g., blogs, social networks, and wikis) are increasingly being used by medical schools and postgraduate training programs as tools for information dissemination. These technologies offer the unique opportunity to track metrics of user engagement and interaction. Here, we employ Web 2.0 tools to assess academic behaviors among neurosurgery residents. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all educational lectures, part of the core Neurosurgery Residency curriculum at the University of Toronto, posted on our teaching website (www.TheBrainSchool.net). Our website was developed using publicly available Web 2.0 platforms. Lecture usage was assessed by the number of clicks, and associations were explored with lecturer academic position, timing of examinations, and lecture/subspecialty topic. RESULTS The overall number of clicks on 77 lectures was 1079. Most of these clicks were occurring during the in-training examination month (43%). Click numbers were significantly higher on lectures presented by faculty (mean = 18.6, standard deviation ± 4.1) compared to those delivered by residents (mean = 8.4, standard deviation ± 2.1) (p = 0.031). Lectures covering topics in functional neurosurgery received the most clicks (47%), followed by pediatric neurosurgery (22%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the value of Web 2.0 analytic tools in examining resident study behavior. Residents tend to "cram" by downloading lectures in the same month of training examinations and display a preference for faculty-delivered lectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davidson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naif M Alotaibi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daipayan Guha
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandi Amaral
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhaya V Kulkarni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Villwock JA, Hamill CS, Ryan JT, Nicholas BD. The Role of the Away Rotation in Otolaryngology Residency. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:1104-1107. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599817698431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the availability and purpose of away rotations during otolaryngology residency. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Otolaryngology residency programs. Subjects and Methods An anonymous web-based survey was sent to 98 allopathic otolaryngology training program directors, of which 38 programs responded. Fisher exact tests and nonparametric correlations were used to determine statistically significant differences among various strata of programs. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Thirty-nine percent (n = 38) of queried programs responded. Mandatory away rotations and elective away rotations were both present in 6 of 38 programs (16%). Neither number of faculty ( P = .119) nor residents ( P = .88) was predictive of away rotation. Away rotations were typically >151 miles from the home institution and typically used to address deficiencies in clinical exposure (67%) or case volume (50%). Participants of mandatory away rotations were universally provided housing, with other consideration such as stipend (33%), relocation allowance (33%), or food allowance (16%) sometimes offered. In contrast to mandatory rotations, half of elective rotations were to obtain a unique international mission trip experience. Nearly one-third of surveyed program directors (29%) would consider adding an away rotation to their curriculum in the next 3 years. Conclusions Mandatory and elective away rotations play a role in a small, but not insignificant, number of training programs. The rationale for these rotations is variable. Given that nearly one-third of program directors would consider adding an away rotation in the near future, further research into components of a meaningful away rotation and how to optimize the away rotation experience is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Villwock
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chelsea S. Hamill
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jesse T. Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Brian D. Nicholas
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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9
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Abstract
Background Currently, the literature lacks reliable data regarding operative case volumes at Canadian neurosurgery residency programs. Our objective was to provide a snapshot of the operative landscape in Canadian neurosurgical training using the trainee-led Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative. METHODS Anonymized administrative operative data were gathered from each neurosurgery residency program from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. Procedures were broadly classified into cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and miscellaneous procedures. A number of prespecified subspecialty procedures were recorded. We defined the resident case index as the ratio of the total number of operations to the total number of neurosurgery residents in that program. Resident number included both Canadian medical and international medical graduates, and included residents on the neurosurgery service, off-service, or on leave for research or other personal reasons. RESULTS Overall, there was an average of 1845 operative cases per neurosurgery residency program. The mean numbers of cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and miscellaneous procedures were 725, 466, 48, and 193, respectively. The nationwide mean resident case indices for cranial, spine, peripheral nerve, and total procedures were 90, 58, 5, and 196, respectively. There was some variation in the resident case indices for specific subspecialty procedures, with some training programs not performing carotid endarterectomy or endoscopic transsphenoidal procedures. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the breadth of neurosurgical training within Canadian neurosurgery residency programs. These results may help inform the implementation of neurosurgery training as the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons residency training transitions to a competence-by-design curriculum.
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10
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Stienen MN, Netuka D, Demetriades AK, Ringel F, Gautschi OP, Gempt J, Kuhlen D, Schaller K. Residency program trainee-satisfaction correlate with results of the European board examination in neurosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:1823-30. [PMID: 27517689 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial country differences in neurosurgical training throughout Europe have recently been described, ranging from subjective rating of training quality to objective working hours per week. The aim of this study was to analyse whether these differences translate into the results of the written and oral part of the European Board Examination in Neurological Surgery (EBE-NS). METHODS Country-specific composite scores for satisfaction with quality of theoretical and practical training, as well as working hours per week, were obtained from an electronic survey distributed among European neurosurgical residents between June 2014 and March 2015. These were related to anonymous country-specific results of the EBE-NS between 2009 and 2016, using uni- and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of n = 1025 written and n = 63 oral examination results were included. There was a significant linear relationship between the country-specific EBE-NS result in the written part and the country-specific composite score for satisfaction with quality of theoretical training [adjusted regression coefficient (RC) -3.80, 95 % confidence interval (CI) -5.43-7 -2.17, p < 0.001], but not with practical training or working time. For the oral part, there was a linear relationship between the country-specific EBE-NS result and the country-specific composite score for satisfaction with quality of practical training (RC 9.47, 95 % CI 1.47-17.47, p = 0.021), however neither with satisfaction with quality of theoretical training nor with working time. CONCLUSION With every one-step improvement on the country-specific satisfaction score for theoretical training, the score in the EBE-NS Part 1 increased by 3.8 %. With every one-step improvement on the country-specific satisfaction score for practical training, the score in the EBE-NS Part 2 increased by 9.47 %. Improving training conditions is likely to have a direct positive influence on the knowledge level of trainees, as measured by the EBE-NS. The effect of the actual working time on the theoretical and practical knowledge of neurosurgical trainees appears to be insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Faculté de Médicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Suisse.
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, 1st Medical Faculty, Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver P Gautschi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Faculté de Médicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Suisse
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique Kuhlen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Department of Neurosurgery and Faculté de Médicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Suisse
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