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Kondoh D, Nakamura T, Tsuji E, Hosotani M, Ichii O, Irie T, Mishima T, Nagasaki KI, Kon Y. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) with a high prevalence of hydrocephalus without clinical symptoms. Neuropathology 2021; 42:16-27. [PMID: 34957592 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition in which the ventricle is enlarged without elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and it generally develops in later life and progresses slowly. A complete animal model that mimics human idiopathic NPH has not yet been established, and the onset mechanisms and detailed pathomechanisms of NPH are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate a high spontaneous prevalence (34.6%) of hydrocephalus without clinical symptoms in inbred cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). In all 46 hydrocephalic cotton rats, the severity was mild or moderate and not severe. The dilation was limited to the lateral ventricles, and none of the hemorrhage, ventriculitis, meningitis, or tumor formation was found in hydrocephalic cotton rats. These findings indicate that the type of hydrocephalus in cotton rats is similar to that of communicating idiopathic NPH. Histopathological examinations revealed that the inner granular and pyramidal layers (layers IV and V) of the neocortex became thinner in hydrocephalic brains. A small number of pyramidal cells were positive for Fluoro-Jade C (a degenerating neuron marker) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)-immunoreactive microglia were in contact with the degenerating neurons in the hydrocephalic neocortex, suggesting that hydrocephalic cotton rats are more or less impaired projections from the neocortex. This study highlights cotton rats as a candidate for novel models to elucidate the pathomechanism of idiopathic NPH. Additionally, cotton rats have some noticeable systemic pathological phenotypes, such as chronic kidney disease and metabolic disorders. Thus, this model might also be useful for researching the comorbidities of NPH to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Erika Tsuji
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagasaki
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Nakamura T, Sumi K, Tsuji E, Hosotani M, Namba T, Ichii O, Irie T, Nagasaki KI, Kon Y, Mishima T, Yoshiyasu T. Novel polychrome staining distinguishing osteochondral tissue and bone cells in decalcified paraffin sections. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:727-737. [PMID: 34410480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone is a dynamic and metabolically active organ in which growth and resorption of the osteochondral matrix is orchestrated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. For decalcified paraffin-embedded specimens, decalcifying agents alter the staining intensity, and excess decalcification interferes with bone staining. Robust bone staining methods independent of the decalcification conditions and animal species are lacking. In this study, we have developed a novel polychrome staining method, named JFRL staining, which stains the components of osteochondral tissue in different colors. With this staining we could visualize the hyaline cartilage as blue by alcian blue, osteoid as red by picrosirius red, and mineralized bone as green by picro-light green SF or picro-naphthol green B and easily distinguished osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. In mineralized bone, this staining revealed the obvious lamellar structures and woven bone. Notably, this staining was independent of the decalcification conditions and experimental animal species examined. To verify the usefulness of JFRL staining, we observed cotton rat tail which has shorter length and shows a false autotomy. The caudal vertebrae were normally developed via endochondral ossification without a fracture plane. At 6 months of age, the number of chondrocytes declined and the hypertrophic zone was absent at the epiphyseal plate, which might reflect the shorter tail. In conclusion, JFRL staining is the first method to simultaneously distinguish osteochondral matrix and bone cells in one section regardless of decalcifying conditions. This robust staining will provide new information for a wide number of biomedical fields, including bone development, physiology, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Nakamura
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido, Chitose, 066-0052, Japan. .,Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Kanako Sumi
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido, Chitose, 066-0052, Japan
| | - Erika Tsuji
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido, Chitose, 066-0052, Japan
| | - Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagasaki
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Tama, 206-0025, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido, Chitose, 066-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoji Yoshiyasu
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido, Chitose, 066-0052, Japan
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Ananjeva NB, Gordeev DA, Korost DV. The Review of the Autotomy of Agamid Lizards with Considerations about the Types of Autotomy and Regeneration. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030032. [PMID: 34449652 PMCID: PMC8395757 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a review of the data on the intervertebral autotomy and regeneration of agamid lizards based on an analysis of information obtained over a 35-year period after the publication of thorough reviews (Arnold, 1984, 1988 and Bellairs, Bryant, 1985). It is supplemented by our own studies of 869 specimens of agamid lizards (Sauria, Agamidae) stored in the herpetological collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia) and the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), represented by 31 species of 16 genera. The manifestations of the ability for autotomy and regeneration in phylogenetic lineages within the family—Leiolepidinae, Amphibolurinae, Agaminae, Draconinae—are considered. A comparative morphological analysis of the structure of the caudal vertebrae was carried out using the Computer Microtomography Methods (micro-CT) in the following ecomorphological types of agama: (1) with developed abilities to caudal autotomy and regeneration, (2) with the ability to caudal autotomy but without regeneration and (3) without the ability to autotomy. The phenomenon of intervertebral autotomy (urotomy) in snakes is considered too. Possible ways of evolution of the ability to caudal autotomy as a defense strategy against predators are discussed in the phylogenetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Anatolyevich Gordeev
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia;
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VolgogradNIRO), 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Dmitry Vyacheslavovich Korost
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry of Fossil Fuels, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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