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Diba Lahmidi M, Le Noc M, Dali O, Kernanec PY, Merret PE, Jaulin C, Smagulova F. Sex-specific transgenerational effects on murine thyroid gland imposed by ancestral exposure to neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13047. [PMID: 38844538 PMCID: PMC11156953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, a relatively new widely used class of insecticide is used in agriculture to control insect populations. We examined the capacity of ancestral exposure to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (thia) to induce transgenerational effects on thyroid tissue. Pregnant outbred Swiss female mice were exposed to thia at embryonic days E6.5 to E15.5 using 0, 0.6, and 6 mg/kg/day doses. Thyroid paraffin sections were prepared for morphology analysis. We apply ELISA method to measure T4 and TSH levels, RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis, ChIP-qPCR techniques for sperm histone H3K4me3 analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy and western blots for protein detection. We observed an alteration in the morphology of thyroids in both males and females in the F3 generation. We observed an increase in T4 hormone in F1 females and a significant T4 level decrease in F3 males. T4 changes in F1 females were associated with a TSH increase. We found that the amount of Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1 (DIO1) (an enzyme converting T4 to T3) was decreased in both F1 and F3 generations in female thyroids. GNAS protein which is important for thyroid function has increased in female thyroids. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding thyroid gland development, chromatin, biosynthesis and transport factors were affected in the thyroid gland in both sexes in F1 and F3. The analysis of sperm histone H3K4me3 showed that H3K4me3 occupancy at the Dio1 locus has decreased while Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2) genes have increased H3K4me3 occupancy in the sperm of F3 mice. Besides, DNA methylation analysis of our previously published datasets showed that, in the sperm of F1 and F3 thia-derived mice, several genes related to thyroid function show consistent alterations. Our data suggest that ancestral exposure to thiacloprid affects thyroid function not only in exposed but also in indirectly exposed F3 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Diba Lahmidi
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Le Noc
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Etienne Merret
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christian Jaulin
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Irset-Inserm UMR 1085, 9 Avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Chang J, Xu Y, Fu Y, Liu J, Jiang D, Pan J, Ouyang H, Liu W, Xu J, Tian Y, Huang Y, Ruan J, Shen X. The dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements in the mediobasal hypothalamus influences the seasonal activation of the reproductive axis in the male quail under long light exposure. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:197. [PMID: 38373887 PMCID: PMC10877898 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cold and temperate zones, seasonal reproduction plays a crucial role in the survival and reproductive success of species. The photoperiod influences reproductive processes in seasonal breeders through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, in which the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) serves as the central region responsible for transmitting light information to the endocrine system. However, the cis-regulatory elements and the transcriptional activation mechanisms related to seasonal activation of the reproductive axis in MBH remain largely unclear. In this study, an artificial photoperiod program was used to induce the HPG axis activation in male quails, and we compared changes in chromatin accessibility changes during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. RESULTS Alterations in chromatin accessibility occurred in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and stabilized at LD7 during the activation of the HPG axis. Most open chromatin regions (OCRs) are enriched mainly in introns and distal intergenic regions. The differentially accessible regions (DARs) showed enrichment of binding motifs of the RFX, NKX, and MEF family of transcription factors that gained-loss accessibility under long-day conditions, while the binding motifs of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and BZIP family gained-open accessibility. Retinoic acid signaling and GTPase-mediated signal transduction are involved in adaptation to long days and maintenance of the HPG axis activation. According to our footprint analysis, three clock-output genes (TEF, DBP, and HLF) and the THRA were the first responders to long days in LD3. THRB, NR3C2, AR, and NR3C1 are the key players associated with the initiation and maintenance of the activation of the HPG axis, which appeared at LD7 and tended to be stable under long-day conditions. By integrating chromatin and the transcriptome, three genes (DIO2, SLC16A2, and PDE6H) involved in thyroid hormone signaling showed differential chromatin accessibility and expression levels during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. TRPA1, a target of THRB identified by DAP-seq, was sensitive to photoactivation and exhibited differential expression levels between short- and long-day conditions. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that trans effects were the main factors affecting gene expression during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. This study could lead to further research on the seasonal reproductive behavior of birds, particularly the role of MBH in controlling seasonal reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Chang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yanglong Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jianqiu Pan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Jue Ruan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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3
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. GLIS3 expression in the thyroid gland in relation to TSH signaling and regulation of gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:65. [PMID: 38281222 PMCID: PMC10822819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time at which GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become expressed. This, together with observations showing that ubiquitous Glis3KO mice do not display major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology, indicated that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of GLIS3 in postnatal thyroid suggested a link between GLIS3 protein expression and blood TSH levels. This was supported by data showing that treatment with TSH, cAMP, or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhanced GLIS3 protein stability and transcriptional activity, indicating that GLIS3 activity is regulated at least in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of PKA. The TSH-dependent increase in GLIS3 transcriptional activity would be critical for the induction of GLIS3 target gene expression, including several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a low iodine diet (LID) when blood TSH levels are highly elevated. Like TH biosynthetic genes, the expression of cell cycle genes is suppressed in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice fed a LID; however, in thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout mice, the expression of cell cycle genes was not repressed, in contrast to TH biosynthetic genes. This indicated that the inhibition of cell cycle genes in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is dependent on changes in gene expression in GLIS3 target tissues other than the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Hirata T, Kawaguchi S, Akamatsu T, Inagawa A, Hikichi T, Ohkawa K, Asahara K, Satoh T, Endo S, Suzuki M, Ohno K. Duodenal Papillary Metastasis of Lung Cancer with Bleeding Controlled by Endoscopic Treatment and Systemic Osimertinib Therapy: Case Report. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2024; 18:122-128. [PMID: 38476646 PMCID: PMC10932551 DOI: 10.1159/000537778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Solid organ malignancies rarely metastasize to the duodenal papilla. We describe a case of primary lung cancer with duodenal papillary metastasis in a patient who presented with melena. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report of duodenal papillary metastasis from lung cancer. Case Presentation A 65-year-old woman presented with complaints of anorexia, weight loss, and black stool. Imaging studies led to a clinical diagnosis of stage IVB lung cancer, and anticoagulants were initiated to treat pulmonary artery thrombosis. However, endoscopic hemostasis was challenging because of bleeding from a duodenal papillary tumor. Fortunately, the patient was positive for the plasma epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, and osimertinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered, successfully achieving hemostasis. Subsequently, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of an enlarged mediastinal lymph node and duodenal papillary tumor biopsy confirmed duodenal papillary metastasis of the primary lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Although duodenal papillary metastasis is extremely rare, a good clinical outcome was achieved in this case by considering duodenal papillary metastasis from lung cancer as the differential diagnosis and administering systemic osimertinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyo Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taisuke Akamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hikichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohkawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Satoh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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5
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Rodenburg LW, Metzemaekers M, van der Windt IS, Smits SMA, den Hertog-Oosterhoff LA, Kruisselbrink E, Brunsveld JE, Michel S, de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK, Stadhouders R, Beekman JM, Amatngalim GD. Exploring intrinsic variability between cultured nasal and bronchial epithelia in cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18573. [PMID: 37903789 PMCID: PMC10616285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal and bronchial epithelium are unified parts of the respiratory tract that are affected in the monogenic disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies have uncovered that nasal and bronchial tissues exhibit intrinsic variability, including differences in mucociliary cell composition and expression of unique transcriptional regulatory proteins which relate to germ layer origin. In the present study, we explored whether intrinsic differences between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells persist in cell cultures and affect epithelial cell functioning in CF. Comparison of air-liquid interface (ALI) differentiated epithelial cells from subjects with CF revealed distinct mucociliary differentiation states of nasal and bronchial cultures. Moreover, using RNA sequencing we identified cell type-specific signature transcription factors in differentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, some of which were already poised for expression in basal progenitor cells as evidenced by ATAC sequencing. Analysis of differentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial 3D organoids revealed distinct capacities for fluid secretion, which was linked to differences in ciliated cell differentiation. In conclusion, we show that unique phenotypical and functional features of nasal and bronchial epithelial cells persist in cell culture models, which can be further used to investigate the effects of tissue-specific features on upper and lower respiratory disease development in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle S van der Windt
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon M A Smits
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A den Hertog-Oosterhoff
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse E Brunsveld
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mio C, Baldan F, Damante G. NK2 homeobox gene cluster: Functions and roles in human diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2038-2048. [PMID: 37492711 PMCID: PMC10363584 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
NK2 genes (NKX2 gene cluster in humans) encode for homeodomain-containing transcription factors that are conserved along the phylogeny. According to the most detailed classifications, vertebrate NKX2 genes are classified into two distinct families, NK2.1 and NK2.2. The former is constituted by NKX2-1 and NKX2-4 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila scro gene; the latter includes NKX2-2 and NKX2-8 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila vnd gene. Conservation of these genes is not only related to molecular structure and expression, but also to biological functions. In Drosophila and vertebrates, NK2 genes share roles in the development of ventral regions of the central nervous system. In vertebrates, NKX2 genes have a relevant role in the development of several other organs such as the thyroid, lung, and pancreas. Loss-of-function mutations in NKX2-1 and NKX2-2 are the monogenic cause of the brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and neonatal diabetes, respectively. Alterations in NKX2-4 and NKX2-8 genes may play a role in multifactorial diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and neural tube defects, respectively. NKX2-1, NKX2-2, and NKX2-8 are expressed in various cancer types as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Several data indicate that evaluation of their expression in tumors has diagnostic and/or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine 33100, Italy
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7
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Rossi RE, Corti F, Pusceddu S, Milione M, Coppa J, Masoni B, Oldani S, Sabella G, Cafaro P, Repici A. Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Occult Primary Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: A Clinical Challenge. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5537. [PMID: 37685605 PMCID: PMC10488469 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 11% to 14% of subjects with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have metastatic lesions with unknown primary origin (UPO), with the majority of UPO-NENs found in the small bowel. Herein, we assessed the available literature on UPO-NENs, focusing on clinical presentation and diagnostic techniques to identify the primary site. The identification of the primary tumor is important as it affects the prognosis; however, the clinical presentation can be non-specific in non-functioning forms. In the presence of metastatic disease, the histological sample is fundamental to obtain immunohistochemical markers that might orientate the clinician in the search for the primary tumor through radiology, functional imaging and endoscopic techniques. In summary, multidisciplinary management plays a key role in UPO-NENs, even more than in other NENs. Molecular biology and gene-expression profiling represent areas of great interest which might be developed in the near future for both the diagnosis and the treatment of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Francesca Corti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza, Via G.B. Pergolesi, 20900 Monza, Italy; (F.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic and Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit 1, Department of Medical Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS–Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Jorgelina Coppa
- Hepatology and Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Masoni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Simone Oldani
- Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic and Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit 1, Department of Medical Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Giovanna Sabella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS–Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Pietro Cafaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza, Via G.B. Pergolesi, 20900 Monza, Italy; (F.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
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8
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Beaufils M, Amodru V, Tejeda M, Boher JM, Zemmour C, Chanez B, Chrétien AS, Gorvel L, Gravis G, Bruyat D, Mari R, Madroszyk A, Cuny T, Gonçalves A, Lisberg AE, Olive D, Tassy L, Castinetti F, Rochigneux P. Dysthyroidism during immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with improved overall survival in adult cancers: data mining of 1385 electronic patient records. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006786. [PMID: 37536938 PMCID: PMC10401250 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysthyroidism (DT) is a common toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and prior work suggests that dysthyroidism (DT) might be associated with ICI efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS ConSoRe, a new generation data mining solution, was used in this retrospective study, to extract data from electronic patient records of adult cancer patients treated with ICI at Institut Paoli-Calmettes (Marseille, France). Every DT was verified and only ICI-induced DT was retained. Survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) and Cox model. To account for immortal time bias, a conditional landmark analysis was performed (2 months and 6 months), together with a time-varying Cox model. RESULTS Data extraction identified 1385 patients treated with ICI between 2011 and 2021. DT was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (HR 0.46, (95% CI 0.33 to 0.65), p<0.001), with a median OS of 35.3 months in DT group vs 15.4 months in non-DT group (NDT). Survival impact of DT was consistent using a 6-month landmark analysis with a median OS of 36.7 months (95% CI 29.4 to not reported) in the DT group vs 25.5 months (95% CI 22.8 to 27.8) in the NDT group. In multivariate analysis, DT was independently associated with improved OS (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.69, p=0.001). After adjustment in time-varying Cox model, this association remained significant (adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90, p=0.010). Moreover, patients with DT and additional immune-related adverse event had increased OS compared with patients with isolated DT, with median OS of 38.8 months vs 21.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Data mining identified a large number of patients with ICI-induced DT, which was associated with improved OS accounting for immortal time bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Beaufils
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Amodru
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Manuel Tejeda
- Department of Informatics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Marie Boher
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Zemmour
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Chanez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Sophie Chrétien
- Tumor Immunology, CRCM Marseille, Inserm 1068 - CNRS 7258 - Institut Paoli Calmettes - Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Tumor Immunology, CRCM Marseille, Inserm 1068 - CNRS 7258 - Institut Paoli Calmettes - Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Damien Bruyat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Roxane Mari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Madroszyk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Aaron E Lisberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Olive
- Tumor Immunology, CRCM Marseille, Inserm 1068 - CNRS 7258 - Institut Paoli Calmettes - Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Louis Tassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Rochigneux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Tumor Immunology, CRCM Marseille, Inserm 1068 - CNRS 7258 - Institut Paoli Calmettes - Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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9
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Schoultz E, Liang S, Carlsson T, Filges S, Ståhlberg A, Fagman H, Wiel C, Sayin V, Nilsson M. Tissue specificity of oncogenic BRAF targeted to lung and thyroid through a shared lineage factor. iScience 2023; 26:107071. [PMID: 37534159 PMCID: PMC10391731 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of origin in cancer determine tumor phenotypes, but whether lineage-defining transcription factors might influence tissue specificity of tumorigenesis among organs with similar developmental traits are unknown. We demonstrate here that tumor development and progression markedly differ in lung and thyroid targeted by Braf mutation in Nkx2.1CreERT2 mice heterozygous for Nkx2-1. In absence of tamoxifen, non-induced Nkx2.1CreERT2;BrafCA/+ mutants developed multiple full-blown lung adenocarcinomas with a latency of 1-3 months whereas thyroid tumors were rare and constrained, although minute BrafCA activation documented by variant allele sequencing was similar in both tissues. Induced oncogene activation accelerated neoplastic growth only in the lungs. By contrast, NKX2-1+ progenitor cells were equally responsive to constitutive expression of mutant Braf during lung and thyroid development. Both lung and thyroid cells transiently downregulated NKX2-1 in early tumor stages. These results indicate that BRAFV600E-induced tumorigenesis obey organ-specific traits that might be differentially modified by a shared lineage factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Schoultz
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shawn Liang
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Therese Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Filges
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Volkan Sayin
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Liu Z, Lami B, Ikonomou L, Gu M. Unlocking the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for neonatal disease modeling and drug development. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151729. [PMID: 37012138 PMCID: PMC10133195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal lung and heart diseases, albeit rare, can result in poor quality of life, often require long-term management and/or organ transplantation. For example, Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the most common type of congenital disabilities, affecting nearly 1% of the newborns, and has complex and multifactorial causes, including genetic predisposition and environmental influences. To develop new strategies for heart and lung regeneration in CHD and neonatal lung disease, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a unique and personalized platform for future cell replacement therapy and high-throughput drug screening. Additionally, given the differentiation potential of iPSCs, cardiac cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts and lung cell types such Type II alveolar epithelial cells can be derived in a dish to study the fundamental pathology during disease progression. In this review, we discuss the applications of hiPSCs in understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular phenotypes of CHD (e.g., structural heart defect, congenital valve disease, and congenital channelopathies) and congenital lung diseases, such as surfactant deficiencies and Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome. We also provide future directions for generating mature cell types from iPSCs, and more complex hiPSC-based systems using three-dimensional (3D) organoids and tissue-engineering. With these potential advancements, the promise that hiPSCs will deliver new CHD and neonatal lung disease treatments may soon be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Bonny Lami
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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11
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Transcription factor NKX2-1 drives serine and glycine synthesis addiction in cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1862-1878. [PMID: 36932191 PMCID: PMC10147615 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of cancers activate endogenous synthesis of serine/glycine, and can become addicted to this pathway to sustain proliferation and survival. Mechanisms driving this metabolic rewiring remain largely unknown. METHODS NKX2-1 overexpressing and NKX2-1 knockdown/knockout T-cell leukaemia and lung cancer cell line models were established to study metabolic rewiring using ChIP-qPCR, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, and proliferation and invasion assays. Findings and therapeutic relevance were validated in mouse models and confirmed in patient datasets. RESULTS Exploring T-cell leukaemia, lung cancer and neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient datasets highlighted the transcription factor NKX2-1 as putative driver of serine/glycine metabolism. We demonstrate that transcription factor NKX2-1 binds and transcriptionally upregulates serine/glycine synthesis enzyme genes, enabling NKX2-1 expressing cells to proliferate and invade in serine/glycine-depleted conditions. NKX2-1 driven serine/glycine synthesis generates nucleotides and redox molecules, and is associated with an altered cellular lipidome and methylome. Accordingly, NKX2-1 tumour-bearing mice display enhanced tumour aggressiveness associated with systemic metabolic rewiring. Therapeutically, NKX2-1-expressing cancer cells are more sensitive to serine/glycine conversion inhibition by repurposed anti-depressant sertraline, and to etoposide chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Collectively, we identify NKX2-1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of serine/glycine synthesis addiction across cancers, revealing a therapeutic vulnerability of NKX2-1-driven cancers. Transcription factor NKX2-1 fuels cancer cell proliferation and survival by hyperactivating serine/glycine synthesis, highlighting this pathway as a novel therapeutic target in NKX2-1-positive cancers.
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12
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Eichner LJ, Curtis SD, Brun SN, McGuire CK, Gushterova I, Baumgart JT, Trefts E, Ross DS, Rymoff TJ, Shaw RJ. HDAC3 is critical in tumor development and therapeutic resistance in Kras-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3243. [PMID: 36930718 PMCID: PMC10022903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HDAC3 is one of the main targets of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in clinical development as cancer therapies, yet the in vivo role of HDAC3 in solid tumors is unknown. We identified a critical role for HDAC3 in Kras-mutant lung cancer. Using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we found that HDAC3 is required for lung tumor growth in vivo. HDAC3 was found to direct and enhance the transcription effects of the lung cancer lineage transcription factor NKX2-1 to mediate expression of a common set of target genes. We identified FGFR1 as a critical previously unidentified target of HDAC3. Leveraging this, we identified that an HDAC3-dependent transcriptional cassette becomes hyperactivated as Kras/LKB1-mutant cells develop resistance to the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and this can be reversed by treatment with the HDAC1/HDAC3 inhibitor entinostat. We found that the combination of entinostat plus trametinib treatment elicits therapeutic benefit in the Kras/LKB1 GEMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J. Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sonja N. Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Caroline K. McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joshua T. Baumgart
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Debbie S. Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Tammy J. Rymoff
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
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Relationship between brain metastasis and thyroid transcription factor 1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1945. [PMID: 36732655 PMCID: PMC9895054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are common in lung adenocarcinomas (ACs). Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is important in the diagnosis of AC. This study aimed to examine the relationship between TTF-1 and BM for the first time in literature. The data of 137 patients with AC that developed BM between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 137 patients, 120 (87.6%) male, and 17 (12.4%) female were examined. Their mean age was 59.78 ± 0.82 years. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score was 0-1 (< 2) for 39 (28.5%) patients and 2-4 (≤ 2) for 98 (71.5%). TTF-1 was positive in 100 (73%) patients and negative in 37 (27%). More than five BMs were present in 102 (74.4%) patients and less than five in 35 (25.6%). All the patients received whole-brain radiotherapy. None of the patients was suitable for surgery or radiosurgery. The median survival time was 6.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.67-7.1] months. The survival time was 7 (95% CI, 5.91-8.09) months for the TTF-1 (+) patients and 5.8 (95% CI, 4.1-7.5) months for the TTF-1 (-) patients. In the univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between survival time and age (p = 0.047), TTF-1 (p = 0.024), and ECOG performance score (p = 0.002). The multivariance analysis revealed a significant relationship between survival and TTF-1 (p = 0.034) and ECOG score (p = 0.007). We found a correlation between survival time and ECOG performance score and TTF-1. TTF-1 can be used as a biomarker to monitor prognosis in the follow-up and treatment of patients with AC that develop BM.
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Denegri M, Magri F, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. In vitro study of glyphosate effects on thyroid cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120801. [PMID: 36462676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a pesticide, which contaminates the environment and exposes workers and general population to its residues present in foods and waters. In soil, Glyphosate is degraded in metabolites, amino-methyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) being the main one. Glyphosate is considered a potential cancerogenic and endocrine-disruptor agent, however its adverse effects on the thyroid were evaluated only in animal models and in vitro data are still lacking. Aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to Glyphosate could exert adverse effects on thyroid cells in vitro. Two models (adherent-2D and spheroid-3D) derived from the same cell strain Fisher-rat-thyroid-cell line-5 (FRTL-5) were employed. After exposure to Glyphosate at increasing concentrations (0.0, 0.1-0.25- 0.5-1.0-2.0-10.0 mM) we evaluated cell viability by WST-1 (adherent and spheroids), results being confirmed by propidium-iodide staining (only for spheroids). Proliferation of adherent cells was assessed by crystal violet and trypan-blue assays, the increasing volume of spheroids was taken as a measure of proliferation. We also evaluated the ability of cells to form spheroids after Glyphosate exposure. We assessed changes of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) by the cell-permeant H2DCFDA. Glyphosate-induced changes of mRNAs encoding for thyroid-related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG, NIS, TTF-1 and PAX8) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation in both models, even if at different concentrations. Glyphosate at the highest concentration reduced the ability of FRTL-5 to form spheroids. An increased ROS production was found in both models after exposure to Glyphosate. Finally, Glyphosate increased the mRNA levels of some thyroid related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG and TTF-1) in both models, while it increased the mRNAs of PAX8 and NIS only in the adherent model. The present study supports an adverse effect of Glyphosate on cultured thyroid cells. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased ROS production in thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marco Denegri
- Unit of Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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15
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Okauchi S, Miyazaki K, Shiozawa T, Satoh H, Hizawa N. Relationship Between TTF-1 Expression and PFS of Pemetrexed-containing Chemotherapy in Non-squamous-NSCLC Patients With and Without Driver Genes. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2023; 3:53-60. [PMID: 36632586 PMCID: PMC9801456 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We performed a retrospective study too clarify whether the presence or absence of driver genes affects the relationship between thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression and response to pemetrexed (PEM) in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-sq-NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical charts of patients treated with PEM-containing chemotherapy during the period from February 2016 to February 2022 at Mito Medical Center-University of Tsukuba, Ryugasaki Saiseikai General Hospital, and University of Tsukuba Hospital. RESULTS During the period of the study, 185 driver gene-negative patients negative, and 65 driver gene-positive patients were evaluated. Among the 165 driver gene-negative patients, progression free survival (PFS) of TTF-1-expressing patients treated with PEM-containing chemotherapy was significantly longer compared to that of TTF-1-negative patients. In the analysis of 65 driver gene-positive patients, the PFS of TTF-1-positive patients treated with PEM-containing chemotherapy did not differ significantly from that of TTF-1-negative patients. There was no significant difference in PFS between driver gene-negative and driver gene-positive patients treated with PEM-containing chemotherapy. Comparison between four groups defined according to the presence of driver gene and TTF-1 expression indicated shorter PFS only in 'driver gene-negative and TTF-1-negative' patients. CONCLUSION In driver gene-positive non-sq NSCLC patients, expression of TTF does not affect the survival outcome of PEM-containing-chemotherapy. In other words, in these patients, second-line or later-line PEM-containing chemotherapy after development of resistance for specific-tyrosine kinase inhibitor could be expected to have the same level of efficacy as first-line PEM containing chemotherapy in driver gene-negative, TTF-1-positive non-sq NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Okauchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Miyazaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ryugasaki Saiseikai General Hospital, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shiozawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Baguma-Nibasheka M, Kablar B. Mechanics of Lung Development. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:131-150. [PMID: 37955774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We summarize how skeletal muscle and lung developmental biology fields have been bridged to benefit from mouse genetic engineering technologies and to explore the role of fetal breathing-like movements (FBMs) in lung development, by using skeletal muscle-specific mutant mice. It has been known for a long time that FBMs are essential for the lung to develop properly. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms transducing the mechanical forces of muscular activity into specific genetic programs that propel lung morphogenesis (development of the shape, form and size of the lung, its airways, and gas exchange surface) as well as its differentiation (acquisition of specialized cell structural and functional features from their progenitor cells) are only starting to be revealed. This chapter is a brief synopsis of the cumulative findings from that ongoing quest. An update on and the rationale for our recent International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) search is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Baguma-Nibasheka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Boris Kablar
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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17
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Burkhanova U, Harris A, Leir SH. Enhancement of airway epithelial cell differentiation by pulmonary endothelial cell co-culture. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102967. [PMID: 36395690 PMCID: PMC9790179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between lung epithelial cells and their microenvironment has an important physiological role in development. Using an in vitro model of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured lung epithelial cells, we investigated the contribution of the microenvironment to maintenance of the lung progenitor cell state. Our protocol modeled in vivo cell-to-matrix and cell-to-cell interactions. These included growth of iPSCs on inserts coated with different basement membrane proteins (collagen I, IV, fibronectin, heparan sulfate or Matrigel plus collagen IV) and co-culture with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Marker gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR and protein expression and localization was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that iPSCs grown on collagen IV had the highest success rate in terms of differentiation to robust ALI-cultured lung epithelial cells, followed by fibronectin, collagen I and heparan sulfate. Coating with Matrigel mixed with collagen IV further increased the success rate to > 97 %. Co-culture of iPSCs with HPMECs enhanced the expression of key airway lineage markers (NKX2.1, KRT5, TP63, MUC5AC, MUC16, FOXJ1, CFTR and SCGB1A1) during ALI culture. Cross-talk between iPSCs and their microenvironment during cell differentiation had a significant effect on lung epithelial cell differentiation in these 3D in vitro models. Both matrix proteins and endothelial cells play critical roles in the differentiation of lung progenitor cells.
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18
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Hein RFC, Conchola AS, Fine AS, Xiao Z, Frum T, Brastrom LK, Akinwale MA, Childs CJ, Tsai YH, Holloway EM, Huang S, Mahoney J, Heemskerk I, Spence JR. Stable iPSC-derived NKX2-1+ lung bud tip progenitor organoids give rise to airway and alveolar cell types. Development 2022; 149:dev200693. [PMID: 36039869 PMCID: PMC9534489 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bud tip progenitors (BTPs) in the developing lung give rise to all epithelial cell types found in the airways and alveoli. This work aimed to develop an iPSC organoid model enriched with NKX2-1+ BTP-like cells. Building on previous studies, we optimized a directed differentiation paradigm to generate spheroids with more robust NKX2-1 expression. Spheroids were expanded into organoids that possessed NKX2-1+/CPM+ BTP-like cells, which increased in number over time. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a high degree of transcriptional similarity between induced BTPs (iBTPs) and in vivo BTPs. Using FACS, iBTPs were purified and expanded as induced bud tip progenitor organoids (iBTOs), which maintained an enriched population of bud tip progenitors. When iBTOs were directed to differentiate into airway or alveolar cell types using well-established methods, they gave rise to organoids composed of organized airway or alveolar epithelium, respectively. Collectively, iBTOs are transcriptionally and functionally similar to in vivo BTPs, providing an important model for studying human lung development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F. C. Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ansley S. Conchola
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis S. Fine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindy K. Brastrom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mayowa A. Akinwale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J. Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M. Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Mahoney
- Therapeutics Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Yadav P, Sarode LP, Gaddam RR, Kumar P, Bhatti JS, Khurana A, Navik U. Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:53-60. [PMID: 36084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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20
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Lewis ZR, Kerney R, Hanken J. Developmental basis of evolutionary lung loss in plethodontid salamanders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6108. [PMID: 35977024 PMCID: PMC9385146 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One or more members of four living amphibian clades have independently dispensed with pulmonary respiration and lack lungs, but little is known of the developmental basis of lung loss in any taxon. We use morphological, molecular, and experimental approaches to examine the Plethodontidae, a dominant family of salamanders, all of which are lungless as adults. We confirm an early anecdotal report that plethodontids complete early stages of lung morphogenesis: Transient embryonic lung primordia form but regress by apoptosis before hatching. Initiation of pulmonary development coincides with expression of the lung-specification gene Wnt2b in adjacent mesoderm, and the lung rudiment expresses pulmonary markers Nkx2.1 and Sox9. Lung developmental-genetic pathways are at least partially conserved despite the absence of functional adult lungs for at least 25 and possibly exceeding 60 million years. Adult lung loss appears associated with altered expression of signaling molecules that mediate later stages of tracheal and pulmonary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Lewis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Kerney
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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TITF1 Screening in Human Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081108. [PMID: 35892611 PMCID: PMC9332008 DOI: 10.3390/children9081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TITF1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1) is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor. Previous studies showed that Titf1 null mice are characterized by failure of tracheo-oesophageal separation and impaired lung morphogenesis resulting in Pulmonary Hypoplasia (PH). In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of TITF1 in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in humans. We investigated TITF1 expression in human trachea and lungs and performed direct mutation analysis in a CDH population. We studied 13 human fetuses at 14 to 24 weeks of gestation. Five μm sections were fixed in paraformaldehyde and incubated with anti-TITF1 primary antibody. Positive staining was visualized by biotinylated secondary antibody. We also performed TITF1 screening on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 16 patients affected by CDH and different degrees of PH, searching for mutations, insertions, and/or deletions, by sequencing the exonic regions of the gene. Histochemical studies showed positive brown staining of fetal follicular thyroid epithelium, normal fetal trachea, and normal fetal lung bronchial epithelium. Fetal esophageal wall was immunohistochemically negative. Molecular genetic analysis showed complete identity between the sequences obtained and the Wild Type (WT) form of the gene in all cases. No mutation, insertion and/or deletion was detected. Although TITF1 is expressed in the human fetal lung and has been considered to have a role in the pathogenesis of PH in CDH, the results of our study do not support the hypothesis that TITF1 mutations play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of CDH.
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22
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Nakahama K, Kaneda H, Osawa M, Izumi M, Yoshimoto N, Sugimoto A, Nagamine H, Ogawa K, Matsumoto Y, Sawa K, Tani Y, Mitsuoka S, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kawaguchi T. Association of thyroid transcription factor-1 with the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2309-2317. [PMID: 35808895 PMCID: PMC9376174 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to identify the relationship between thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) expression of lung adenocarcinoma and the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Methods This retrospective multicenter study comprised patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with ICI monotherapy. We collected clinical medical records including data on TTF‐1 expression and analyzed the relationship between TTF‐1 expression and programmed death‐ligand 1 tumor proportion score (PD‐L1 TPS), objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results In total, 108 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. The rate of TPS ≥1% and ≥50% in patients with positive TTF‐1 expression was significantly higher than that in patients with negative TTF‐1 expression (88% vs. 60%, p < 0.001; 65% vs. 24%, p < 0.001). The ORR was significantly higher in TTF‐1 positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (38% vs. 8%, p = 0.003). Among patients with TPS ≥50% and 1%–49%, the ORR in TTF‐1 positive and negative patients was 48% (26/54) versus 17% (1/6) (p = 0.21), and 32% (6/19) versus 11% (1/9) (p = 0.37), respectively. The ORR for patients with TPS <1% was 0% in both the TTF‐1 negative and positive cases. The median PFS and OS was significantly longer in TTF‐1‐positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (5.4 vs. 1.6 months, p < 0.001; 18.2 vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis revealed that TTF‐1‐negative status was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusion Patients with TTF‐1‐positive status receiving ICI monotherapy showed better outcomes than those with TTF‐1‐negative lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakahama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Izumi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bell land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ishikiriseiki Hospital, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagamine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Tani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mitsuoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Afify SM, Hassan G, Ishii H, Monzur S, Nawara HM, Osman A, Abu Quora HA, Sheta M, Zahra MH, Seno A, Seno M. Functional and Molecular Characters of Cancer Stem Cells Through Development to Establishment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:83-101. [PMID: 36587303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulation sharing similar properties like normal stem such as self-renewal and differentiation potential to direct tumor growth. Last few years, scientists considered CSCs as the cause of phenotypic heterogeneity in diverse cancer types. Also, CSCs contribute to cancer metastasis and recurrence. The cellular and molecular regulators influence on the CSCs' phenotype changing their behaviors in different stages of cancer progression. CSC markers play significance roles in cancer diagnosis and characterization. We delineate the cross-talks between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment that supports their intrinsic properties including survival, stemness, quiescence and their cellular and molecular adaptation. An insight into the markers of CSCs specific to organs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Afify
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum, 32511, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Hiroko Ishii
- GSP Enterprise, Inc, 1-4-38 12F Minato-Machi, Naniwaku, Osaka, 556-0017, Japan
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Amira Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Cytology, Histology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mona Sheta
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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24
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Bando H, Urai S, Kanie K, Sasaki Y, Yamamoto M, Fukuoka H, Iguchi G, Camper SA. Novel genes and variants associated with congenital pituitary hormone deficiency in the era of next-generation sequencing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1008306. [PMID: 36237189 PMCID: PMC9551393 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1008306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is not a rare disorder, with a frequency of approximately 1 case per 4,000 live births. However, in most cases, a genetic diagnosis is not available. Furthermore, the diagnosis is challenging because no clear correlation exists between the pituitary hormones affected and the gene(s) responsible for the disorder. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently been widely used to identify novel genes that cause (or putatively cause) CPHD. This review outlines causative genes for CPHD that have been newly reported in recent years. Moreover, novel variants of known CPHD-related genes (POU1F1 and GH1 genes) that contribute to CPHD through unique mechanisms are also discussed in this review. From a clinical perspective, variants in some of the recently identified causative genes result in extra-pituitary phenotypes. Clinical research on the related symptoms and basic research on pituitary formation may help in inferring the causative gene(s) of CPHD. Future NGS analysis of a large number of CPHD cases may reveal new genes related to pituitary development. Clarifying the causative genes of CPHD may help to understand the process of pituitary development. We hope that future innovations will lead to the identification of genes responsible for CPHD and pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Bando
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Bando,
| | - Shin Urai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kanie
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sasaki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidenori Fukuoka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Genzo Iguchi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Biosignal Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Medical Center for Student Health, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sally A. Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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25
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Xie C, Abrams SR, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Reiter JF. Endoderm development requires centrioles to restrain p53-mediated apoptosis in the absence of ERK activity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3334-3348.e6. [PMID: 34932949 PMCID: PMC8797031 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles comprise the heart of centrosomes, microtubule-organizing centers. To study the function of centrioles in lung and gut development, we genetically disrupted centrioles throughout the mouse endoderm. Surprisingly, removing centrioles from the endoderm did not disrupt intestinal growth or development but blocked lung branching. In the lung, acentriolar SOX2-expressing airway epithelial cells apoptosed. Loss of centrioles activated p53, and removing p53 restored survival of SOX2-expressing cells, lung branching, and mouse viability. To investigate how endodermal p53 activation specifically killed acentriolar SOX2-expressing cells, we assessed ERK, a prosurvival cue. ERK was active throughout the intestine and in the distal lung buds, correlating with tolerance to centriole loss. Pharmacologically inhibiting ERK activated apoptosis in acentriolar cells, revealing that ERK activity protects acentriolar cells from apoptosis. Therefore, centrioles are largely dispensable for endodermal growth and the spatial distribution of ERK activity in the endoderm shapes the developmental consequences of centriolar defects and p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaun R Abrams
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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26
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Genetic and epigenetic characterization of posterior pituitary tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:1025-1043. [PMID: 34661724 PMCID: PMC8568760 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pituicytoma (PITUI), granular cell tumor (GCT), and spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) are rare tumors of the posterior pituitary. Histologically, they may be challenging to distinguish and have been proposed to represent a histological spectrum of a single entity. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation profiling, and copy number analysis on 47 tumors (14 PITUI; 12 GCT; 21 SCO) to investigate molecular features and explore possibilities of clinically meaningful tumor subclassification. We detected two main epigenomic subgroups by unsupervised clustering of DNA methylation data, though the overall methylation differences were subtle. The largest group (n = 23) contained most PITUIs and a subset of SCOs and was enriched for pathogenic mutations within genes in the MAPK/PI3K pathways (12/17 [71%] of sequenced tumors: FGFR1 (3), HRAS (3), BRAF (2), NF1 (2), CBL (1), MAP2K2 (1), PTEN (1)) and two with accompanying TERT promoter mutation. The second group (n = 16) contained most GCTs and a subset of SCOs, all of which mostly lacked identifiable genetic drivers. Outcome analysis demonstrated that the presence of chromosomal imbalances was significantly associated with reduced progression-free survival especially within the combined PITUI and SCO group (p = 0.031). In summary, we observed only subtle DNA methylation differences between posterior pituitary tumors, indicating that these tumors may be best classified as subtypes of a single entity. Nevertheless, our data indicate differences in mutation patterns and clinical outcome. For a clinically meaningful subclassification, we propose a combined histo-molecular approach into three subtypes: one subtype is defined by granular cell histology, scarcity of identifiable oncogenic mutations, and favorable outcome. The other two subtypes have either SCO or PITUI histology but are segregated by chromosomal copy number profile into a favorable group (no copy number changes) and a less favorable group (copy number imbalances present). Both of the latter groups have recurrent MAPK/PI3K genetic alterations that represent potential therapeutic targets.
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27
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Nagel S. The Role of NKL Homeobox Genes in T-Cell Malignancies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111676. [PMID: 34829904 PMCID: PMC8615965 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors controlling basic developmental processes. The homeodomain is encoded by the homeobox and mediates sequence-specific DNA binding and interaction with cofactors, thus operating as a basic regulatory platform. Similarities in their homeobox sequences serve to arrange these genes in classes and subclasses, including NKL homeobox genes. In accordance with their normal functions, deregulated homeobox genes contribute to carcinogenesis along with hematopoietic malignancies. We have recently described the physiological expression of eleven NKL homeobox genes in the course of hematopoiesis and termed this gene expression pattern NKL-code. Due to the developmental impact of NKL homeobox genes these data suggest a key role for their activity in the normal regulation of hematopoietic cell differentiation including T-cells. On the other hand, aberrant overexpression of NKL-code members or ectopical activation of non-code members has been frequently reported in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia/lymphoma, demonstrating their oncogenic impact in the hematopoietic compartment. Here, we provide an overview of the NKL-code in normal hematopoiesis and discuss the oncogenic role of deregulated NKL homeobox genes in T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Funk EC, Breen C, Sanketi BD, Kurpios N, McCune A. Changes in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung-to-gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray-finned fishes. Evol Dev 2021; 22:384-402. [PMID: 33463017 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The key to understanding the evolutionary origin and modification of phenotypic traits is revealing the responsible underlying developmental genetic mechanisms. An important organismal trait of ray-finned fishes is the gas bladder, an air-filled organ that, in most fishes, functions for buoyancy control, and is homologous to the lungs of lobe-finned fishes. The critical morphological difference between lungs and gas bladders, which otherwise share many characteristics, is the general direction of budding during development. Lungs bud ventrally and the gas bladder buds dorsally from the anterior foregut. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of this ventral-to-dorsal shift in budding direction by studying the expression patterns of known lung genes (Nkx2.1, Sox2, and Bmp4) during the development of lungs or gas bladder in three fishes: bichir, bowfin, and zebrafish. Nkx2.1 and Sox2 show reciprocal dorsoventral expression patterns during tetrapod lung development and are important regulators of lung budding; their expression during bichir lung development is conserved. Surprisingly, we find during gas bladder development, Nkx2.1 and Sox2 expression are inconsistent with the hypothesis that they regulate the direction of gas bladder budding. Bmp4 is expressed ventrally during lung development in bichir, akin to the pattern during mouse lung development. During gas bladder development, Bmp4 is not expressed. However, Bmp16, a paralogue of Bmp4, is expressed dorsally in the developing gas bladder of bowfin. Bmp16 is present in the known genomes of Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes excluding bichir) but absent from mammalian genomes. We hypothesize that Bmp16 was recruited to regulate gas bladder development in the Actinopteri in place of Bmp4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Funk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Animal Science Department, Genomic Variation Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Catriona Breen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Natasza Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amy McCune
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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29
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Thuillier P, Joly C, Alavi Z, Crouzeix G, Descourt R, Quere G, Kerlan V, Roudaut N. Thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with a better progression-free survival and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer: an original cohort study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2023-2033. [PMID: 33423089 PMCID: PMC10991310 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the onset of TD and treatment efficacy in NSCLC patients who initiated anti-PD-1 blockade (Nivolumab®) and to assess the impact of TD severity and subtype on nivolumab efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed at a referral oncology center between July 20, 2015 and June 30, 2018. Patients with histologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV NSCLC in progression after one or two lines of treatment and who initiated Nivolumab were included. Thyroid function (TSH ± fT4, fT3) was monitored and patients were classified according to TD status [TD(+) versus TD(-)], severity [moderate thyroid dysfunction: TSH level between 0.1 and 0.4 or 4.0 and 10 mIU/L and severe thyroid dysfunction: TSH ≤ 0.1 or ≥ 10mUI/L) and subtype (isolated hypothyroidism, isolated hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism then hypothyroidism)]. Clinical endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Among 194 eligible patients, 134 patients (median age, 63 yo; 70.1% male) were included. Forty (29.9%) patients were classified in TD(+) and had a longer OS of 29.8 months (95% CI 18.8-NR) versus 8.1 months (95% CI 5.5-11.5) in TD(-) group (p < 0.001). PFS was also longer (8.7 months (95% CI 5.3-15.1) in TD(+) versus 1.7 months (95% CI 1.6-1.9) in TD(-) group (p < 0.001). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, TD remained an independent predictive factor of OS/PFS. Severity and subtype of TD were not correlated with OS/PFS. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that TD induced by Nivolumab appears to be an independent predictive factor of survival, irrespective of TD severity and subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Thuillier
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France.
- EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France.
| | - Claire Joly
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
- EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Zarrin Alavi
- Inserm CIC 1412, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Crouzeix
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
- EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Descourt
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Quere
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Kerlan
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
- EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Roudaut
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
- EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest Cedex, France
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Suwala AK, Stichel D, Schrimpf D, Maas SLN, Sill M, Dohmen H, Banan R, Reinhardt A, Sievers P, Hinz F, Blattner-Johnson M, Hartmann C, Schweizer L, Boldt HB, Kristensen BW, Schittenhelm J, Wood MD, Chotard G, Bjergvig R, Das A, Tabori U, Hasselblatt M, Korshunov A, Abdullaev Z, Quezado M, Aldape K, Harter PN, Snuderl M, Hench J, Frank S, Acker T, Brandner S, Winkler F, Wesseling P, Pfister SM, Reuss DE, Wick W, von Deimling A, Jones DTW, Sahm F. Glioblastomas with primitive neuronal component harbor a distinct methylation and copy-number profile with inactivation of TP53, PTEN, and RB1. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:179-189. [PMID: 33876327 PMCID: PMC8217054 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype presents with a wide histological spectrum. Some features are so distinctive that they are considered as separate histological variants or patterns for the purpose of classification. However, these usually lack defined (epi-)genetic alterations or profiles correlating with this histology. Here, we describe a molecular subtype with overlap to the unique histological pattern of glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. Our cohort consists of 63 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that harbor a characteristic DNA methylation profile. Median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Copy-number variations and genetic sequencing revealed frequent alterations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, with fewer gains of chromosome 7 and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions than usually described for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Gains of chromosome 1 were detected in more than half of the cases. A poorly differentiated phenotype with frequent absence of GFAP expression, high proliferation index and strong staining for p53 and TTF1 often caused misleading histological classification as carcinoma metastasis or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinically, many patients presented with leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis. Outcome was poor with a median overall survival of only 12 months. Overall, we describe a new molecular subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with a distinct histological appearance and genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Suwala
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Dohmen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rouzbeh Banan
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Reinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Hinz
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Blattner-Johnson
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonille Schweizer
- Department of Neuropathology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning B Boldt
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Guillaume Chotard
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Center University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rolf Bjergvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anirban Das
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Division of Neuropathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Frank Winkler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc and Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kishimoto K, Morimoto M. Mammalian tracheal development and reconstruction: insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. Development 2021; 148:dev198192. [PMID: 34228796 PMCID: PMC8276987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The trachea delivers inhaled air into the lungs for gas exchange. Anomalies in tracheal development can result in life-threatening malformations, such as tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheomalacia. Given the limitations of current therapeutic approaches, development of technologies for the reconstitution of a three-dimensional trachea from stem cells is urgently required. Recently, single-cell sequencing technologies and quantitative analyses from cell to tissue scale have been employed to decipher the cellular basis of tracheal morphogenesis. In this Review, recent advances in mammalian tracheal development and the generation of tracheal tissues from pluripotent stem cells are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kishimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Kostopoulou E, Miliordos K, Spiliotis B. Genetics of primary congenital hypothyroidism-a review. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:225-236. [PMID: 33400193 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) is a state of inadequate thyroid hormone production detected at birth, caused either by absent, underdeveloped or ectopic thyroid gland (dysgenesis), or by defected thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). A genetic component has been identified in many cases of CH. This review summarizes the clinical and biochemical features of the genetic causes of primary CH. METHODS A literature review was conducted of gene defects causing congenital hypothyroidism. RESULTS Mutations in five genes have predominantly been implicated in thyroid dysgenesis (TSHR, FOXE1, NKX2-1, PAX8, and NKX2-5), the primary cause of CH (85%), and mutations in seven genes in thyroid dyshormonogenesis (SLC5A5, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, SLC6A4, Tg, and DEHAL1). These genes encode for proteins that regulate genes expressed during the differentiation of the thyroid, such as TPO and Tg genes, or genes that regulate iodide organification, thyroglobulin synthesis, iodide transport, and iodotyrosine deiodination. Besides thyroid dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis, additional causes of congenital hypothyroidism, such as iodothyronine transporter defects and resistance to thyroid hormones, have also been associated with genetic mutations. CONCLUSION The identification of the underlying genetic defects of CH is important for genetic counseling of families with an affected member, for identifying additional clinical characteristics or the risk for thyroid neoplasia and for diagnostic and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kostopoulou
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics|, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Miliordos
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics|, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Bessie Spiliotis
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics|, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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Inomata K, Yokoi H, Fujiwara M, Kimura Y, Matsumoto Y, Naito S, Ohara A, Okano N, Kamma H, Saito K. Case of thyroid transcription factor-1-positive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sphenoid sinus with bone metastases. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2021.200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Diquigiovanni C, Bonora E. Genetics of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FNMTC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2178. [PMID: 33946592 PMCID: PMC8125431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is the most frequent endocrine tumor and originates from the follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid. Familial NMTC (FNMTC) has been defined in pedigrees where two or more first-degree relatives of the patient present the disease in absence of other predisposing environmental factors. Compared to sporadic cases, FNMTCs are often multifocal, recurring more frequently and showing an early age at onset with a worse outcome. FNMTC cases show a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, thus impairing the identification of the underlying molecular causes. Over the last two decades, many efforts in identifying the susceptibility genes in large pedigrees were carried out using linkage-based approaches and genome-wide association studies, leading to the identification of susceptibility loci and variants associated with NMTC risk. The introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly contributed to the elucidation of FNMTC predisposition, leading to the identification of novel candidate variants, shortening the time and cost of gene tests. In this review we report the most significant genes identified for the FNMTC predisposition. Integrating these new molecular findings in the clinical data of patients is fundamental for an early detection and the development of tailored therapies, in order to optimize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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35
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NKL-Code in Normal and Aberrant Hematopoiesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081961. [PMID: 33921702 PMCID: PMC8073162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gene codes represent expression patterns of closely related genes in particular tissues, organs or body parts. The NKL-code describes the activity of NKL homeobox genes in the hematopoietic system. NKL homeobox genes encode transcription factors controlling basic developmental processes. Therefore, aberrations of this code may contribute to deregulated hematopoiesis including leukemia and lymphoma. Normal and abnormal activities of NKL homeobox genes are described and mechanisms of (de)regulation, function, and diseases exemplified. Abstract We have recently described physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in subsequent lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis, including terminally differentiated blood cells. We thereby systematized differential expression patterns of eleven such genes which form the so-called NKL-code. Due to the developmental impact of NKL homeobox genes, these data suggest a key role for their activity in normal hematopoietic differentiation processes. On the other hand, the aberrant overexpression of NKL-code-members or the ectopical activation of non-code members have been frequently reported in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia/lymphoma, revealing the oncogenic potential of these genes in the hematopoietic compartment. Here, I provide an overview of the NKL-code in normal hematopoiesis and instance mechanisms of deregulation and oncogenic functions of selected NKL genes in hematologic cancers. As well as published clinical studies, our conclusions are based on experimental work using hematopoietic cell lines which represent useful models to characterize the role of NKL homeobox genes in specific tumor types.
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Liao J, Coffman KA, Locker J, Padiath QS, Nmezi B, Filipink RA, Hu J, Sathanoori M, Madan-Khetarpal S, McGuire M, Schreiber A, Moran R, Friedman N, Hoffner L, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA, Surti U. Deletion of conserved non-coding sequences downstream from NKX2-1: A novel disease-causing mechanism for benign hereditary chorea. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1647. [PMID: 33666368 PMCID: PMC8123744 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early‐onset non‐progressive involuntary movements. Although NKX2‐1 mutations or deletions are the cause of BHC, some BHC families do not have pathogenic alterations in the NKX2‐1 gene, indicating that mutations of non‐coding regulatory elements of NKX2‐1 may also play a role. Methods and Results By using whole‐genome microarray analysis, we identified a 117 Kb founder deletion in three apparently unrelated BHC families that were negative for NKX2‐1 sequence variants. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis confirmed the deletion and showed that it was part of a complex local genomic rearrangement. In addition, we also detected a 648 Kb de novo deletion in an isolated BHC case. Both deletions are located downstream from NKX2‐1 on chromosome 14q13.2‐q13.3 and share a 33 Kb smallest region of overlap with six previously reported cases. This region has no gene but contains multiple evolutionarily highly conserved non‐coding sequences. Conclusion We propose that the deletion of potential regulatory elements necessary for NKX2‐1 expression in this critical region is responsible for BHC phenotype in these patients, and this is a novel disease‐causing mechanism for BHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keith A Coffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Nmezi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robyn A Filipink
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Malini Sathanoori
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Rocio Moran
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neil Friedman
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori Hoffner
- Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Romitti M, Eski SE, Fonseca BF, Gillotay P, Singh SP, Costagliola S. Single-Cell Trajectory Inference Guided Enhancement of Thyroid Maturation In Vitro Using TGF-Beta Inhibition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657195. [PMID: 34135860 PMCID: PMC8202408 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates metabolism and growth via secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). Loss of TFCs, by cellular dysfunction, autoimmune destruction or surgical resection, underlies hypothyroidism. Recovery of thyroid hormone levels by transplantation of mature TFCs derived from stem cells in vitro holds great therapeutic promise. However, the utilization of in vitro derived tissue for regenerative medicine is restricted by the efficiency of differentiation protocols to generate mature organoids. Here, to improve the differentiation efficiency for thyroid organoids, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq to chart the molecular steps undertaken by individual cells during the in vitro transformation of mouse embryonic stem cells to TFCs. Our single-cell atlas of mouse organoid systematically and comprehensively identifies, for the first time, the cell types generated during production of thyroid organoids. Using pseudotime analysis, we identify TGF-beta as a negative regulator of thyroid maturation in vitro. Using pharmacological inhibition of TGF-beta pathway, we improve the level of thyroid maturation, in particular the induction of Nis expression. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of iodide organification in vitro, suggesting functional improvement of the thyroid organoid. Our study highlights the potential of single-cell molecular characterization in understanding and improving thyroid maturation and paves the way for identification of therapeutic targets against thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Romitti
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
| | | | | | | | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- *Correspondence: Mírian Romitti, ; Sumeet Pal Singh, ; Sabine Costagliola,
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López-Márquez A, Carrasco-López C, Fernández-Méndez C, Santisteban P. Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules in Thyroid Differentiation and Function, From Embryos to Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:654569. [PMID: 33959098 PMCID: PMC8095082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.654569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid differentiation of progenitor cells occurs during embryonic development and in the adult thyroid gland, and the molecular bases of these complex and finely regulated processes are becoming ever more clear. In this Review, we describe the most recent advances in the study of transcription factors, signaling molecules and regulatory pathways controlling thyroid differentiation and development in the mammalian embryo. We also discuss the maintenance of the adult differentiated phenotype to ensure the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. We will focus on endoderm-derived thyroid epithelial cells, which are responsible for the formation of the thyroid follicle, the functional unit of the thyroid gland. The use of animal models and pluripotent stem cells has greatly aided in providing clues to the complicated puzzle of thyroid development and function in adults. The so-called thyroid transcription factors - Nkx2-1, Foxe1, Pax8 and Hhex - were the first pieces of the puzzle identified in mice. Other transcription factors, either acting upstream of or directly with the thyroid transcription factors, were subsequently identified to, almost, complete the puzzle. Among them, the transcription factors Glis3, Sox9 and the cofactor of the Hippo pathway Taz, have emerged as important players in thyroid differentiation and development. The involvement of signaling molecules increases the complexity of the puzzle. In this context, the importance of Bmps, Fgfs and Shh signaling at the onset of development, and of TSH, IGF1 and TGFβ both at the end of terminal differentiation in embryos and in the adult thyroid, are well recognized. All of these aspects are covered herein. Thus, readers will be able to visualize the puzzle of thyroid differentiation with most - if not all - of the pieces in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arístides López-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos Carrasco-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Santisteban,
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Calvert BA, Ryan Firth AL. Application of iPSC to Modelling of Respiratory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1237:1-16. [PMID: 31468358 PMCID: PMC8274633 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide with an increasing incidence as the aged population prevails. Many lung diseases are treated for symptomatic relief, with no cure available, indicating a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Such advances are hampered by a lack of understanding of how human lung pathologies initiate and progress. Research on human lung disease relies on the isolation of primary cells from explanted lungs or the use of immortalized cells, both are limited in their capacity to represent the genomic and phenotypic variability among the population. In an era where we are progressing toward precision medicine the use of patient specific induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) to generate models, where sufficient primary cells and tissues are scarce, has increased our capacity to understand human lung pathophysiology. Directed differentiation of iPSC toward lung presented the initial challenge to overcome in generating iPSC-derived lung epithelial cells. Since then major advances have been made in defining protocols to specify and isolate specific lung lineages, with the generation of airway spheroids and multi cellular organoids now possible. This technological advance has opened up our capacity for human lung research and prospects for autologous cell therapy. This chapter will focus on the application of iPSC to studying human lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Ryan Firth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Double knock-out of Hmga1 and Hipk2 genes causes perinatal death associated to respiratory distress and thyroid abnormalities in mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31582725 PMCID: PMC6776533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The serine–threonine kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) modulates important cellular functions during development, acting as a signal integrator of a wide variety of stress signals, and as a regulator of transcription factors and cofactors. We have previously demonstrated that HIPK2 binds and phosphorylates High-Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1), an architectural chromatinic protein ubiquitously expressed in embryonic tissues, decreasing its binding affinity to DNA. To better define the functional role of HIPK2 and HMGA1 interaction in vivo, we generated mice in which both genes are disrupted. About 50% of these Hmga1/Hipk2 double knock-out (DKO) mice die within 12 h of life (P1) for respiratory failure. The DKO mice present an altered lung morphology, likely owing to a drastic reduction in the expression of surfactant proteins, that are required for lung development. Consistently, we report that both HMGA1 and HIPK2 proteins positively regulate the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding the surfactant proteins. Moreover, these mice display an altered expression of thyroid differentiation markers, reasonably because of a drastic reduction in the expression of the thyroid-specific transcription factors PAX8 and FOXE1, which we demonstrate here to be positively regulated by HMGA1 and HIPK2. Therefore, these data indicate a critical role of HIPK2/HMGA1 cooperation in lung and thyroid development and function, suggesting the potential involvement of their impairment in the pathogenesis of human lung and thyroid diseases.
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van Veen JE, Scherzer M, Boshuizen J, Chu M, Liu A, Landman A, Green S, Trejo C, McMahon M. Mutationally-activated PI3'-kinase-α promotes de-differentiation of lung tumors initiated by the BRAF V600E oncoprotein kinase. eLife 2019; 8:e43668. [PMID: 31452510 PMCID: PMC6711745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung adenocarcinoma exhibits a propensity for de-differentiation, complicating diagnosis and treatment, and predicting poorer patient survival. In genetically engineered mouse models of lung cancer, expression of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein kinase initiates the growth of benign tumors retaining characteristics of their cell of origin, AT2 pneumocytes. Cooperating alterations that activate PI3'-lipid signaling promote progression of BRAFV600E-driven benign tumors to malignant adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism(s) by which this cooperation occurs remains unclear. To address this, we generated mice carrying a conditional BrafCAT allele in which CRE-mediated recombination leads to co-expression of BRAFV600E and tdTomato. We demonstrate that co-expression of BRAFV600E and PIK3CAH1047R in AT2 pneumocytes leads to rapid cell de-differentiation, without decreased expression of the transcription factors NKX2-1, FOXA1, or FOXA2. Instead, we propose a novel role for PGC1α in maintaining AT2 pneumocyte identity. These findings provide insight into how these pathways may cooperate in the pathogenesis of human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Edward van Veen
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael Scherzer
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Julia Boshuizen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mollee Chu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Annie Liu
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Allison Landman
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shon Green
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Christy Trejo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Minocha S, Herr W. Cortical and Commissural Defects Upon HCF-1 Loss in Nkx2.1-Derived Embryonic Neurons and Glia. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:578-595. [PMID: 31207118 PMCID: PMC6771735 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the cerebral cortex and commissures involves a complex developmental process defined by multiple molecular mechanisms governing proliferation of neuronal and glial precursors, neuronal and glial migration, and patterning events. Failure in any of these processes can lead to malformations. Here, we study the role of HCF‐1 in these processes. HCF‐1 is a conserved metazoan transcriptional co‐regulator long implicated in cell proliferation and more recently in human metabolic disorders and mental retardation. Loss of HCF‐1 in a subset of ventral telencephalic Nkx2.1‐positive progenitors leads to reduced numbers of GABAergic interneurons and glia, owing not to decreased proliferation but rather to increased apoptosis before cell migration. The loss of these cells leads to development of severe commissural and cortical defects in early postnatal mouse brains. These defects include mild and severe structural defects of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, respectively, and increased folding of the cortex resembling polymicrogyria. Hence, in addition to its well‐established role in cell proliferation, HCF‐1 is important for organ development, here the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Minocha
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Winship Herr
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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Quentmeier H, Pommerenke C, Dirks WG, Eberth S, Koeppel M, MacLeod RAF, Nagel S, Steube K, Uphoff CC, Drexler HG. The LL-100 panel: 100 cell lines for blood cancer studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8218. [PMID: 31160637 PMCID: PMC6547646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, immortalized cell lines have been used as model systems for cancer research. Cell line panels were established for basic research and drug development, but did not cover the full spectrum of leukemia and lymphoma. Therefore, we now developed a novel panel (LL-100), 100 cell lines covering 22 entities of human leukemia and lymphoma including T-cell, B-cell and myeloid malignancies. Importantly, all cell lines are unequivocally authenticated and assigned to the correct tissue. Cell line samples were proven to be free of mycoplasma and non-inherent virus contamination. Whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing of the 100 cell lines were conducted with a uniform methodology to complement existing data on these publicly available cell lines. We show that such comprehensive sequencing data can be used to find lymphoma-subtype-characteristic copy number aberrations, mRNA isoforms, transcription factor activities and expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes. These exemplary studies confirm that the novel LL-100 panel will be useful for understanding the function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and to develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Quentmeier
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wilhelm G Dirks
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Max Koeppel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Steube
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cord C Uphoff
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
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High-resolution computed tomography findings of thyroid transcription factor 1 deficiency (NKX2-1 mutations). Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:869-875. [PMID: 30927038 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of the NKX2-1 gene and its encoded protein, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), plays a role in pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and lung development. NKX2-1 mutations have been associated with neonatal respiratory distress, hypotonia, choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism. These clinical findings have been coined brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, although not all three organs are always involved. While many of these children develop interstitial lung disease, no systematic review of chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings has been reported. OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical presentations, pathology and HRCT imaging findings of children with NKX2-1 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified six children with NKX2-1 mutations, deletions or duplications confirmed via genetic testing at our institution. Three pediatric radiologists reviewed the children's HRCT imaging findings and ranked the dominant findings in order of prevalence via consensus. We then correlated the imaging findings with histopathology and clinical course. RESULTS All children in the study were heterozygous for NKX2-1 mutations, deletions or duplications. Ground-glass opacities were the most common imaging feature, present in all but one child. Consolidation was also a prevalent finding in 4/6 of the children. Architectural distortion was less common. CONCLUSION HRCT findings of TTF-1 deficiency are heterogeneous and evolve over time. There is significant overlap between the HRCT findings of TTF-1 deficiency, other surfactant dysfunction mutations, and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. TTF-1 deficiency should be considered in term infants presenting with interstitial lung disease, especially if hypotonia or hypothyroidism is present.
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Iwahashi M, Narumi S. Systematic alanine scanning of PAX8 paired domain reveals functional importance of the N-subdomain. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:129-135. [PMID: 30730849 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-specific transcription factor PAX8 has an indispensable role in the thyroid gland development, which is evidenced by the facts that PAX8/Pax8 mutations cause congenital hypothyroidism in humans and mice. More than 90% of known PAX8 mutations were located in the paired domain, suggesting the central role of the domain in exerting the molecular function. Structure-function relationships of PAX8, as well as other PAX family transcription factors, have never been investigated in a systematic manner. Here, we conducted the first alanine scanning mutagenesis study, in which 132 alanine variants located in the paired domain of PAX8 were created and systematically evaluated in vitro. We found that 76 alanine variants (55%) were loss of function (LOF) variants (defined by <30% activity as compared with wild type PAX8). Importantly, the distribution of LOF variants were skewed, with more frequently observed in the N-subdomain (65% of the alanine variants in the N-subdomain) than in the C-subdomain (45%). Twelve out of 13 alanine variants in residues that have been affected in patients with congenital hypothyroidism were actually LOF, suggesting that the alanine scanning data can be used to evaluate the functional importance of mutated residues. Using our in vitro data, we tested the accuracy of seven computational algorithms for pathogenicity prediction, showing that they are sensitive but not specific to evaluate on the paired domain alanine variants. Collectively, our experiment-based data would help better understand the structure-function relationships of the paired domain, and would provide a unique resource for pathogenicity prediction of future PAX8 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Iwahashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Berical A, Lee RE, Randell SH, Hawkins F. Challenges Facing Airway Epithelial Cell-Based Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30800069 PMCID: PMC6376457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the life-limiting hereditary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF). Decreased or absent functional CFTR protein in airway epithelial cells leads to abnormally viscous mucus and impaired mucociliary transport, resulting in bacterial infections and inflammation causing progressive lung damage. There are more than 2000 known variants in the CFTR gene. A subset of CF individuals with specific CFTR mutations qualify for pharmacotherapies of variable efficacy. These drugs, termed CFTR modulators, address key defects in protein folding, trafficking, abundance, and function at the apical cell membrane resulting from specific CFTR mutations. However, some CFTR mutations result in little or no CFTR mRNA or protein expression for which a pharmaceutical strategy is more challenging and remote. One approach to rescue CFTR function in the airway epithelium is to replace cells that carry a mutant CFTR sequence with cells that express a normal copy of the gene. Cell-based therapy theoretically has the potential to serve as a one-time cure for CF lung disease regardless of the causative CFTR mutation. In this review, we explore major challenges and recent progress toward this ambitious goal. The ideal therapeutic cell would: (1) be autologous to avoid the complications of rejection and immune-suppression; (2) be safely modified to express functional CFTR; (3) be expandable ex vivo to generate sufficient cell quantities to restore CFTR function; and (4) have the capacity to engraft, proliferate and persist long-term in recipient airways without complications. Herein, we explore human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as candidate cell therapies for CF and explore the challenges facing their delivery to the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inactivation in the mouse uterus results in metastatic endometrial carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3883-3892. [PMID: 30655341 PMCID: PMC6397539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806838116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of endometrial cancer in the United States and worldwide can be partially attributed to elevated rates of obesity in the population. Although hysterectomy is an effective treatment for early endometrial cancer, medical interventions are required in advanced cases with metastatic disease or for women wishing to preserve fertility. Here, we present a mouse model with conditional inactivation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor, activin-like kinase 5 (Alk5), that develops estrogen-dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma with distant lung metastases. We anticipate that this mouse will be a useful preclinical model for testing novel therapies for endometrial cancer and for understanding the mechanisms that control endometrial regeneration in the postpartum uterus. The endometrial lining of the uterine cavity is a highly dynamic tissue that is under the continuous control of the ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Endometrial adenocarcinoma arises from the uncontrolled growth of the endometrial glands, which is typically associated with unopposed estrogen action and frequently occurs in older postmenopausal women. The incidence of endometrial cancer among younger women has been rising due to increasing rates of obesity, a major risk factor for the disease. The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family is a highly conserved group of proteins with roles in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and cancer. Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the TGFβ cell surface receptors (TGFBR1/ALK5 and TGFBR2) have been detected in various human cancers, indicating that a functional TGFβ signaling pathway is required for evading tumorigenesis. In this study, we present a mouse model with conditional inactivation of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) in the mouse uterus using progesterone receptor cre (“Alk5 cKO”) that develops endometrial adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the lungs. The cancer and metastatic lung nodules are estrogen dependent and retain estrogen receptor α (ERα) reactivity, but have decreased levels of progesterone receptor (PR) protein. The endometrial tumors develop only in Alk5 cKO mice that are mated to fertile males, indicating that TGFβ-mediated postpartum endometrial repair is critical for endometrial function. Overall, these studies indicate that TGFβ signaling through TGFBR1/ALK5 in the endometrium is required for endometrial homeostasis, tumor suppression, and postpartum endometrial regeneration.
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Follicular cell lineage in persistent ultimobranchial remnants of mammals. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 376:1-18. [PMID: 30617614 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been a subject of much debate whether thyroid follicular cells originate from the ultimobranchial body, in addition to median thyroid primordium. Ultimobranchial remnants are detected in normal dogs, rats, mice, cattle, bison and humans and also in mutant mice such as Eya1 homozygotes, Hox3 paralogs homozygotes, Nkx2.1 heterozygotes and FRS2α2F/2F. Besides C cells, follicular cell lineages immunoreactive for thyroglobulin are located within these ultimobranchial remnants. In dogs, the C cell complexes, i.e., large cell clusters consisting of C cells and undifferentiated cells, are present together with parathyroid IV and thymus IV in or close to the thyroid lobe. In addition, follicular cells in various stages of differentiation, including follicular cell groups and primitive and minute follicles storing colloid, are intermingled with C cells in some complexes. This review elaborates the transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in folliculogenesis and it is supposed why the follicular cells in the ultimobranchial remnants are sustained in immature stages. Pax8, a transcription factor crucial for the development of follicular cells, is expressed in the fourth pharyngeal pouch and the ultimobranchial body in human embryos. Pax8 expression is also detected in the ultimobranchial remnants of Eya1 and Hes1 null mutant mice. To determine whether the C cells and follicular cells in the ultimobranchial remnants consist of dual lineage cells or are derived from the common precursor, the changes of undifferentiated cells in dog C cell complexes are examined after chronically induced hypercalcemia or antithyroid drug treatment.
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49
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Fu C, Luo S, Zhang Y, Fan X, D'Gama AM, Zhang X, Zheng H, Su J, Li C, Luo J, Agrawal PB, Li Q, Chen S. Chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing identify genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism with extra-thyroidal congenital malformations. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:103-108. [PMID: 30508507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder. Although most patients present with isolated CH, some patients present with CH and extra-thyroidal congenital malformations (ECMs), for which less is known about the underlying genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms in patients with CH and ECMs using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES). METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 16 patients with CH and ECMs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. CMA and WES were performed to detect copy number and single nucleotide variants. RESULTS CMA identified clinically significant copy number variants in 7 patients consistent with their phenotypes. For 6 of them, the genotype and phenotype suggested a syndromic diagnosis, and the remaining patient carried a pathogenic microdeletion and microduplication including GLIS3. WES analysis identified 9 different variants in 7 additional patients. The variants included 2 known mutations (c.1096C>T (p.Arg366Trp) in KCNQ1 and c.848C>A (p.Pro283Gln) in NKX2-5) and 7 novel variants: one nonsense mutation (c.4330C>T (p.Arg1444*) in ASXL3), one frameshift mutation (c.1253_1259delACTCTGG (p.Asp418fs) in TG), three missense variants (c.1472C>T (p.Thr491Ile) in TG, c.4604A>G (p.Asp1535Gly) in TG, and c.2139G>T (p.Glu713Asp) in DUOX2, and two splice site variants (c.944-1G>C and c.3693 + 1G>T) in DUOX2. CONCLUSIONS We report the first genetic study of CH patients with ECMs using CMA and WES. Overall, our detection rate for pathogenic and possibly pathogenic variants was 87.5% (14/16). We report 7 novel variants, expanding the mutational spectrum of TG, DUOX2, and ASXL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fu
- Medical Science Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China; Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Alissa M D'Gama
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China.
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Evolutionarily conserved Tbx5- Wnt2/2b pathway orchestrates cardiopulmonary development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10615-E10624. [PMID: 30352852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811624115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Codevelopment of the lungs and heart underlies key evolutionary innovations in the transition to terrestrial life. Cardiac specializations that support pulmonary circulation, including the atrial septum, are generated by second heart field (SHF) cardiopulmonary progenitors (CPPs). It has been presumed that transcription factors required in the SHF for cardiac septation, e.g., Tbx5, directly drive a cardiac morphogenesis gene-regulatory network. Here, we report instead that TBX5 directly drives Wnt ligands to initiate a bidirectional signaling loop between cardiopulmonary mesoderm and the foregut endoderm for endodermal pulmonary specification and, subsequently, atrial septation. We show that Tbx5 is required for pulmonary specification in mice and amphibians but not for swim bladder development in zebrafish. TBX5 is non-cell-autonomously required for pulmonary endoderm specification by directly driving Wnt2 and Wnt2b expression in cardiopulmonary mesoderm. TBX5 ChIP-sequencing identified cis-regulatory elements at Wnt2 sufficient for endogenous Wnt2 expression domains in vivo and required for Wnt2 expression in precardiac mesoderm in vitro. Tbx5 cooperated with Shh signaling to drive Wnt2b expression for lung morphogenesis. Tbx5 haploinsufficiency in mice, a model of Holt-Oram syndrome, caused a quantitative decrement of mesodermal-to-endodermal Wnt signaling and subsequent endodermal-to-mesodermal Shh signaling required for cardiac morphogenesis. Thus, Tbx5 initiates a mesoderm-endoderm-mesoderm signaling loop in lunged vertebrates that provides a molecular basis for the coevolution of pulmonary and cardiac structures required for terrestrial life.
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