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Huang YH, Vaez Ghaemi R, Cheon J, Yadav VG, Frostad JM. The mechanical effects of chemical stimuli on neurospheres. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01841-7. [PMID: 38613619 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The formulation of more accurate models to describe tissue mechanics necessitates the availability of tools and instruments that can precisely measure the mechanical response of tissues to physical loads and other stimuli. In this regard, neuroscience has trailed other life sciences owing to the unavailability of representative live tissue models and deficiency of experimentation tools. We previously addressed both challenges by employing a novel instrument called the cantilevered-capillary force apparatus (CCFA) to elucidate the mechanical properties of mouse neurospheres under compressive forces. The neurospheres were derived from murine stem cells, and our study was the first of its kind to investigate the viscoelasticity of living neural tissues in vitro. In the current study, we demonstrate the utility of the CCFA as a broadly applicable tool to evaluate tissue mechanics by quantifying the effect that oxidative stress has on the mechanical properties of neurospheres. We treated mouse neurospheres with non-cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently evaluated the storage and loss moduli of the tissues under compression and tension. We observed that the neurospheres exhibit viscoelasticity consistent with neural tissue and show that elastic modulus decreases with increasing size of the neurosphere. Our study yields insights for establishing rheological measurements as biomarkers by laying the groundwork for measurement techniques and showing that the influence of a particular treatment may be misinterpreted if the size dependence is ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roza Vaez Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James Cheon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - John M Frostad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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2
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Zhang D, Zheng Y, Wang X, Wang D, Luo H, Zhu W, Zhang W, Chen Z, Shao J. Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replaced by Fish Steak Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Health and Microflora, Inflammatory Response, and Protein Metabolism of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2733234. [PMID: 38152156 PMCID: PMC10752682 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2733234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Although fish steak meal (FSM) is a potentially available protein source, its efficiency as a fish meal (FM) substitute remains unclear to date. To this end, this study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary FM replaced by FSM on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and microflora, inflammatory response, and protein metabolism of large yellow croaker. Five isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by substituting FM with FSM at levels of 0% (FSM0, control diet), 25% (FSM25), 50% (FSM50), 75% (FSM75), and 100% (FSM100), and were fed to juvenile large yellow croaker for 8 weeks. Compared with the control diet, the replacement of 25% dietary FM with FSM did not markedly alter the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). When the FM substitution level was over 25%, WG and SGR markedly reduced. The intestinal structure observation found that the FSM75 and FSM100 diets markedly decreased villus height, villus width, and muscle thickness of the anterior intestine. The FSM75 and FSM100 diets significantly decreased enzyme activities of amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), trypsin, catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver of large yellow croaker. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier and inflammatory response-related genes suggested that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets significantly decreased the mRNA abundances of intestinal barrier-related genes and anti-inflammatory response-related genes, and increased the mRNA abundances of proinflammatory gene il-6 in the anterior intestine. The compositions of intestinal microflora displayed that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes phylum and increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria phylum. In addition, the results of protein expression levels showed that the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in FSM75 and FSM100 groups were markedly reduced. In conclusion, FSM can replace up to 25% dietary FM without compromising the growth performance, intestinal health, and protein metabolism of the large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunzong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Fuzhou Haima Feed Co. Ltd., Fuzhou 350311, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Jianchun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
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3
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Nian L, Xiaohua L, Rongcheng L, Song-Bai L. Types of DNA damage and research progress. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37948546 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2277194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is a modification in the structure of DNA under the influence of endogenous or exogenous factors. DNA damage can cause different types of diseases and is closely related to genetic mutations, cancer, and aging. The cause of the corresponding reaction process is essential for the study of related cancers and other genetically related diseases. Therefore, it is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the various types of DNA damage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the types of DNA damage and associated reaction processes, including damage to DNA bases, nucleotides, and strands, as well as the biological implications of the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Nian
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaohua
- Thyroid and breast surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Rongcheng
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liu Song-Bai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
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Suresh V, Bhattacharya B, Tshuva RY, Danan Gotthold M, Olender T, Bose M, Pradhan SJ, Ben Zeev B, Smith RS, Tole S, Galande S, Harwell C, Baizabal JM, Reiner O. PRDM16 co-operates with LHX2 to shape the human brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.12.553065. [PMID: 37609127 PMCID: PMC10441425 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.12.553065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PRDM16 is a dynamic transcriptional regulator of various stem cell niches, including adipocytic, hematopoietic, cardiac progenitors, and neural stem cells. PRDM16 has been suggested to contribute to 1p36 deletion syndrome, one of the most prevalent subtelomeric microdeletion syndromes. We report a patient with a de novo nonsense mutation in the PRDM16 coding sequence, accompanied by lissencephaly and microcephaly features. Human stem cells were genetically modified to mimic this mutation, generating cortical organoids that exhibited altered cell cycle dynamics. RNA sequencing of cortical organoids at day 32 unveiled changes in cell adhesion and WNT-signaling pathways. ChIP-seq of PRDM16 identified binding sites in postmortem human fetal cortex, indicating the conservation of PRDM16 binding to developmental genes in mice and humans, potentially at enhancer sites. A shared motif between PRDM16 and LHX2 was identified and further examined through comparison with LHX2 ChIP-seq data from mice. These results suggested a collaborative partnership between PRDM16 and LHX2 in regulating a common set of genes and pathways in cortical radial glia cells, possibly via their synergistic involvement in cortical development.
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Toward reframing brain-social dynamics: current assumptions and future challenges. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211442. [PMID: 37484686 PMCID: PMC10359502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary analyses suggest that the human social brain and sociality appeared together. The two fundamental tools that accelerated the concurrent emergence of the social brain and sociality include learning and plasticity. The prevailing core idea is that the primate brain and the cortex in particular became reorganised over the course of evolution to facilitate dynamic adaptation to ongoing changes in physical and social environments. Encouraged by computational or survival demands or even by instinctual drives for living in social groups, the brain eventually learned how to learn from social experience via its massive plastic capacity. A fundamental framework for modeling these orchestrated dynamic responses is that social plasticity relies upon neuroplasticity. In the present article, we first provide a glimpse into the concepts of plasticity, experience, with emphasis on social experience. We then acknowledge and integrate the current theoretical concepts to highlight five key intertwined assumptions within social neuroscience that underlie empirical approaches for explaining the brain-social dynamics. We suggest that this epistemological view provides key insights into the ontology of current conceptual frameworks driving future research to successfully deal with new challenges and possible caveats in favour of the formulation of novel assumptions. In the light of contemporary societal challenges, such as global pandemics, natural disasters, violent conflict, and other human tragedies, discovering the mechanisms of social brain plasticity will provide new approaches to support adaptive brain plasticity and social resilience.
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Li J, Godoy MI, Zhang AJ, Diamante G, Ahn IS, Cebrian-Silla A, Alvarez-Buylla A, Yang X, Novitch BG, Zhang Y. Prdm16 and Vcam1 regulate the postnatal disappearance of embryonic radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528567. [PMID: 36824905 PMCID: PMC9949035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs, i.e., radial glia) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate the majority of neurons and glia in the forebrain. Postnatally, embryonic radial glia disappear and a subpopulation of radial glia transition into adult NSCs. As this transition occurs, widespread neurogenesis in brain regions such as the cerebral cortex ends. The mechanisms that regulate the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16) promotes the disappearance of radial glia and the ending of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. Genetic deletion of Prdm16 from NSCs leads to the persistence of radial glia in the adult V-SVZ and prolonged postnatal cortical neurogenesis. Mechanistically, Prdm16 induces the postnatal reduction in Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (Vcam1). The postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis occur normally in Prdm16-Vcam1 double conditional knockout mice. These observations reveal novel molecular regulators of the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis, filling a key knowledge gap in NSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | - Marlesa I. Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | - Alice J. Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | | | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA
| | - Arantxa Cebrian-Silla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
| | - Bennett G. Novitch
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
- Department of Neurobiology, UCLA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA
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Gupta S, Polit LD, Fitzgerald M, Rowland HA, Murali D, Buckley NJ, Subramaniam S. Temporal transcriptional control of neural induction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1139287. [PMID: 37213689 PMCID: PMC10195998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1139287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells represents a critical switch in cell state during which pluripotency is lost and commitment to a neural lineage is initiated. Although many of the key transcription factors involved in neural induction are known, we know little of the temporal and causal relationships that are required for this state transition. Methods Here, we have carried out a longitudinal analysis of the transcriptome of human iPSCs undergoing neural induction. Using the temporal relationships between the changing profile of key transcription factors and subsequent changes in their target gene expression profiles, we have identified distinct functional modules operative throughout neural induction. Results In addition to modules that govern loss of pluripotency and gain of neural ectoderm identity, we discover other modules governing cell cycle and metabolism. Strikingly, some of these functional modules are retained throughout neural induction, even though the gene membership of the module changes. Systems analysis identifies other modules associated with cell fate commitment, genome integrity, stress response and lineage specification. We then focussed on OTX2, one of the most precociously activated transcription factors during neural induction. Our temporal analysis of OTX2 target gene expression identified several OTX2 regulated gene modules representing protein remodelling, RNA splicing and RNA processing. Further CRISPRi inhibition of OTX2 prior to neural induction promotes an accelerated loss of pluripotency and a precocious and aberrant neural induction disrupting some of the previously identified modules. Discussion We infer that OTX2 has a diverse role during neural induction and regulates many of the biological processes that are required for loss of pluripotency and gain of neural identity. This dynamical analysis of transcriptional changes provides a unique perspective of the widespread remodelling of the cell machinery that occurs during neural induction of human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fitzgerald
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Helen A. Rowland
- Department of Psychiatry and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Murali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Noel J. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Noel J. Buckley, ; Shankar Subramaniam,
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Noel J. Buckley, ; Shankar Subramaniam,
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8
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Volchegorskii IA, Rassokhina LM, Miroshnichenko IU. [Dopaminergic potential of domestic 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives and prospects for their therapeutic «retargeting»]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:21-29. [PMID: 37655406 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312308121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the assessment of the pharmacological effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives (emoxipin, reamberin and mexidol) from the standpoint of their dopaminergic activity. A systematic analysis of the data has been performed, allowing us to consider emoxipin, reamberin and mexidol as «normalizers of dopaminergic neurotransmission», the dopaminergic action of which in its phenotype corresponds to the effects of partial dopamine receptor agonists. The position that the dopaminergic effect, antioxidant and antidepressant potential of drugs containing 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine (emoxipine and mexidol) are associated with their inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) has been substantiated. A direct relationship between the stimulating effect of succinate-containing drugs (reamberin and mexidol) on MAO-B, their prooxidant activity, insulin-potentiating and antidepressant effects was analyzed. A hypothesis has been put forward on the general pathological significance of dopaminergic regulation disorders, the correction of which with the 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives can be considered as a promising strategy for improving the complex therapy of socially significant and common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L M Rassokhina
- South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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9
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Epigenetic Alterations under Oxidative Stress in Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6439097. [PMID: 36071870 PMCID: PMC9444469 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6439097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, provides finely tuned responses for cells that undergo cellular environment changes. Abundant evidences have demonstrated the detrimental role of oxidative stress in various human pathogenesis since oxidative stress results from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant defense system. Stem cells can self-renew themselves and meanwhile have the potential to differentiate into many other cell types. As some studies have described the effects of oxidative stress on homeostasis and cell fate decision of stem cells, epigenetic alterations have emerged crucial for mediating the stem cell behaviours under oxidative stress. Here, we review recent findings on the oxidative effects on DNA and histone modifications in stem cells. We propose that epigenetic alterations and oxidative stress may influence each other in stem cells.
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Jia X, Zhang S, Tan S, Du B, He M, Qin H, Chen J, Duan X, Luo J, Chen F, Ouyang L, Wang J, Chen G, Yu B, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Lyu Y, Huang Y, Jiao J, Chen JY(H, Swoboda KJ, Agolini E, Novelli A, Leoni C, Zampino G, Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Gerard B, Ginglinger E, Richer J, McMillan H, White-Brown A, Hoekzema K, Bernier RA, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl RK, Meddens C, Alders M, Fuchs M, Caumes R, Brunelle P, Smol T, Kuehl R, Day-Salvatore DL, Monaghan KG, Morrow MM, Eichler EE, Hu Z, Yuan L, Tan J, Xia K, Shen Y, Guo H. De novo variants in genes regulating stress granule assembly associate with neurodevelopmental disorders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7112. [PMID: 35977029 PMCID: PMC9385150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic assemblies in response to a variety of stressors. We report a new neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) with common features of language problems, intellectual disability, and behavioral issues caused by de novo likely gene-disruptive variants in UBAP2L, which encodes an essential regulator of SG assembly. Ubap2l haploinsufficiency in mouse led to social and cognitive impairments accompanied by disrupted neurogenesis and reduced SG formation during early brain development. On the basis of data from 40,853 individuals with NDDs, we report a nominally significant excess of de novo variants within 29 genes that are not implicated in NDDs, including 3 essential genes (G3BP1, G3BP2, and UBAP2L) in the core SG interaction network. We validated that NDD-related de novo variants in newly implicated and known NDD genes, such as CAPRIN1, disrupt the interaction of the core SG network and interfere with SG formation. Together, our findings suggest the common SG pathology in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Jia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Senwei Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bing Du
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Mei He
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Haisong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xinyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Luping Ouyang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zimin Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yongqing Lyu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jin Yun (Helen) Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedicte Gerard
- Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | | | - Julie Richer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh McMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre White-Brown
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Rachel K. Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claartje Meddens
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Paediatrics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Roseline Caumes
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Perrine Brunelle
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ryan Kuehl
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Debra-Lynn Day-Salvatore
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | | | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligences Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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11
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Qing X, Zhang G, Wang Z. DNA
damage response in neurodevelopment and neuromaintenance. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Qing
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena Germany
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena Germany
| | - Zhao‐Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich‐Schiller‐University of Jena Germany
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12
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Fame RM, Lehtinen MK. Mitochondria in Early Forebrain Development: From Neurulation to Mid-Corticogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:780207. [PMID: 34888312 PMCID: PMC8650308 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Function of the mature central nervous system (CNS) requires a substantial proportion of the body’s energy consumption. During development, the CNS anlage must maintain its structure and perform stage-specific functions as it proceeds through discrete developmental stages. While key extrinsic signals and internal transcriptional controls over these processes are well appreciated, metabolic and mitochondrial states are also critical to appropriate forebrain development. Specifically, metabolic state, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial dynamics/localization play critical roles in neurulation and CNS progenitor specification, progenitor proliferation and survival, neurogenesis, neural migration, and neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. With the goal of integrating neurodevelopmental biologists and mitochondrial specialists, this review synthesizes data from disparate models and processes to compile and highlight key roles of mitochondria in the early development of the CNS with specific focus on forebrain development and corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Modulation of SOD3 Levels Is Detrimental to Retinal Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101595. [PMID: 34679728 PMCID: PMC8533566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal oxidative stress is a common secondary feature of many retinal diseases. Though it may not be the initial insult, it is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of highly prevalent retinal dystrophic diseases like macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. We explored the role of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) in retinal homeostasis since SOD3 protects the extracellular matrix (ECM) from oxidative injury. We show that SOD3 is mainly extracellularly localized and is upregulated as a result of environmental and pathogenic stress. Ablation of SOD3 resulted in reduced functional electroretinographic responses and number of photoreceptors, which is exacerbated with age. By contrast, overexpression showed increased electroretinographic responses and increased number of photoreceptors at young ages, but appears deleterious as the animal ages, as determined from the associated functional decline. Our exploration shows that SOD3 is vital to retinal homeostasis but its levels are tightly regulated. This suggests that SOD3 augmentation to combat oxidative stress during retinal degenerative changes may only be effective in the short-term.
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14
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Martins M, Galfrè S, Terrigno M, Pandolfini L, Appolloni I, Dunville K, Marranci A, Rizzo M, Mercatanti A, Poliseno L, Morandin F, Pietrosanto M, Helmer-Citterich M, Malatesta P, Vignali R, Cremisi F. A eutherian-specific microRNA controls the translation of Satb2 in a model of cortical differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1496-1509. [PMID: 34019815 PMCID: PMC8190598 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortical development is controlled by key transcription factors that specify the neuronal identities in the different layers. The mechanisms controlling their expression in distinct cells are only partially known. We investigated the expression and stability of Tbr1, Bcl11b, Fezf2, Satb2, and Cux1 mRNAs in single developing mouse cortical cells. We observe that Satb2 mRNA appears much earlier than its protein and in a set of cells broader than expected, suggesting an initial inhibition of its translation, subsequently released during development. Mechanistically, Satb2 3'UTR modulates protein translation of GFP reporters during mouse corticogenesis. We select miR-541, a eutherian-specific miRNA, and miR-92a/b as the best candidates responsible for SATB2 inhibition, being strongly expressed in early and reduced in late progenitor cells. Their inactivation triggers robust and premature SATB2 translation in both mouse and human cortical cells. Our findings indicate RNA interference as a major mechanism in timing cortical cell identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Martins
- Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Galfrè
- Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Terrigno
- Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Irene Appolloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Keagan Dunville
- Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marranci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Pisa, Italy; Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Poliseno
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Pisa, Italy; Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Morandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Malatesta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Robert Vignali
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Cremisi
- Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Oyefeso FA, Muotri AR, Wilson CG, Pecaut MJ. Brain organoids: A promising model to assess oxidative stress-induced central nervous system damage. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:653-670. [PMID: 33942547 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most significant propagators of systemic damage with implications for widespread pathologies such as vascular disease, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, inflammation, and traumatic injury. OS can be induced by numerous factors such as environmental conditions, lifestyle choices, disease states, and genetic susceptibility. It is tied to the accumulation of free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insufficient antioxidant protection, which leads to cell aging and tissue degeneration over time. Unregulated systemic increase in reactive species, which contain harmful free radicals, can lead to diverse tissue-specific OS responses and disease. Studies of OS in the brain, for example, have demonstrated how this state contributes to neurodegeneration and altered neural plasticity. As the worldwide life expectancy has increased over the last few decades, the prevalence of OS-related diseases resulting from age-associated progressive tissue degeneration. Unfortunately, vital translational research studies designed to identify and target disease biomarkers in human patients have been impeded by many factors (e.g., limited access to human brain tissue for research purposes and poor translation of experimental models). In recent years, stem cell-derived three-dimensional tissue cultures known as "brain organoids" have taken the spotlight as a novel model for studying central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we discuss the potential of brain organoids to model the responses of human neural cells to OS, noting current and prospective limitations. Overall, brain organoids show promise as an innovative translational model to study CNS susceptibility to OS and elucidate the pathophysiology of the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluwasomi A Oyefeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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16
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The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis after Acute Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050739. [PMID: 34067012 PMCID: PMC8151966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-known common pathological process involved in mediating acute neurological injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia-related neuronal injury. However, effective therapeutic measures aimed at scavenging free reactive oxygen species have shown little success in clinical trials. Recent studies have revealed that NADPH oxidase, a membrane-bound enzyme complex that catalyzes the production of a superoxide free radical, is one of the major sources of cellular reactive oxygen species in acute neurological disorders. Furthermore, several studies, including our previous ones, have shown that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce subsequent neuronal injury in neurological disease. Moreover, maintaining appropriate levels of NADPH oxidase has also been shown to be associated with proper neurogenesis after neuronal injury. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the role of NADPH oxidase in neuronal death and neurogenesis in multiple acute neurological disorders and to explore potential pharmacological strategies targeting the NADPH-related oxidative stress pathways.
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17
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Gindri dos Santos B, Peres Klein C, Scortegagna Crestani M, Moura Maurmann R, Mateus Hözer R, dos Santos Rodrigues K, Maciel August P, Matté C. Naringin Supplementation during Pregnancy Induces Sex and Region-Specific Alterations in the Offspring's Brain Redox Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094805. [PMID: 33946307 PMCID: PMC8124438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown the beneficial effects of naringin supplementation to adult rodents, which can ameliorate oxidative stress in disease models. However, evidence has demonstrated that polyphenol supplementation induced detrimental effects when consumed during sensitive periods of development, such as pregnancy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of maternal naringin supplementation during pregnancy on the offspring’s cerebral redox status. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and naringin groups and supplemented from gestational day 15 to gestational day 21. On postnatal days 1, 7, and 21, offspring were euthanized, and the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum dissected. On postnatal day 1, maternal naringin supplementation positively modulated the pups’ brain redox status. On postnatal day 7, a pro-oxidative milieu was observed in the offspring’s striatum and cerebellum in a sex-dependent manner, even though the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were not negatively affected. Besides, the alterations observed on postnatal day 7 did not persist up to weaning. Our findings demonstrated that the effect induced by naringin supplementation in the brain redox status differed according to the period of development in which naringin was consumed since the beneficial effects usually found in the adult rodents became detrimental when the supplementation was applied during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gindri dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline Peres Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Mariana Scortegagna Crestani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Rafael Moura Maurmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Régis Mateus Hözer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Karoline dos Santos Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Pauline Maciel August
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (C.P.K.); (R.M.H.); (K.d.S.R.); (P.M.A.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (R.M.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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18
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Cave JW, Willis DE. G-quadruplex regulation of neural gene expression. FEBS J 2021; 289:3284-3303. [PMID: 33905176 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are four-stranded helical nucleic acid structures characterized by stacked tetrads of guanosine bases. These structures are widespread throughout mammalian genomic DNA and RNA transcriptomes, and prevalent across all tissues. The role of G-quadruplexes in cancer is well-established, but there has been a growing exploration of these structures in the development and homeostasis of normal tissue. In this review, we focus on the roles of G-quadruplexes in directing gene expression in the nervous system, including the regulation of gene transcription, mRNA processing, and trafficking, as well as protein translation. The role of G-quadruplexes and their molecular interactions in the pathology of neurological diseases is also examined. Outside of cancer, there has been only limited exploration of G-quadruplexes as potential intervention targets to treat disease or injury. We discuss studies that have used small-molecule ligands to manipulate G-quadruplex stability in order to treat disease or direct neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation into therapeutically relevant cell types. Understanding the many roles that G-quadruplexes have in the nervous system not only provides critical insight into fundamental molecular mechanisms that control neurological function, but also provides opportunities to identify novel therapeutic targets to treat injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Cave
- InVitro Cell Research LLC, Englewood, NJ, USA
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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19
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He L, Jones J, He W, Bjork BC, Wen J, Dai Q. PRDM16 regulates a temporal transcriptional program to promote progression of cortical neural progenitors. Development 2021; 148:dev.194670. [PMID: 33597191 PMCID: PMC7990860 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Radial glia (RG) in the neocortex sequentially generate distinct subtypes of projection neurons, accounting for the diversity and complex assembly of cortical neural circuits. Mechanisms that drive the rapid and precise temporal progression of RG are beginning to be elucidated. Here, we reveal that the RG-specific transcriptional regulator PRDM16 promotes the transition of early to late phase of neurogenesis in the mouse neocortex. Loss of Prdm16 delays the timely progression of RG, leading to defective cortical laminar organization. Our genomic analyses demonstrate that PRDM16 regulates a subset of genes that are dynamically expressed between early and late neurogenesis. We show that PRDM16 suppresses target gene expression through limiting chromatin accessibility of permissive enhancers. We further confirm that crucial target genes regulated by PRDM16 are neuronal specification genes, cell cycle regulators and molecules required for neuronal migration. These findings provide evidence to support the finding that neural progenitors temporally shift the gene expression program to achieve neural cell diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Weiguo He
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bryan C Bjork
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Edwards-Faret G, González-Pinto K, Cebrián-Silla A, Peñailillo J, García-Verdugo JM, Larraín J. Cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages in Xenopus laevis. Neural Dev 2021; 16:2. [PMID: 33526076 PMCID: PMC7852093 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient regenerative abilities at larvae stages followed by a non-regenerative response after metamorphosis in froglets makes Xenopus an ideal model organism to understand the cellular responses leading to spinal cord regeneration. METHODS We compared the cellular response to spinal cord injury between the regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. For this analysis, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histological staining of the extracellular matrix. We generated two transgenic lines: i) the reporter line with the zebrafish GFAP regulatory regions driving the expression of EGFP, and ii) a cell specific inducible ablation line with the same GFAP regulatory regions. In addition, we used FACS to isolate EGFP+ cells for RNAseq analysis. RESULTS In regenerative stage animals, spinal cord regeneration triggers a rapid sealing of the injured stumps, followed by proliferation of cells lining the central canal, and formation of rosette-like structures in the ablation gap. In addition, the central canal is filled by cells with similar morphology to the cells lining the central canal, neurons, axons, and even synaptic structures. Regeneration is almost completed after 20 days post injury. In non-regenerative stage animals, mostly damaged tissue was observed, without clear closure of the stumps. The ablation gap was filled with fibroblast-like cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix components. No reconstruction of the spinal cord was observed even after 40 days post injury. Cellular markers analysis confirmed these histological differences, a transient increase of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen was detected in regenerative stages, contrary to a sustained accumulation of most of these markers, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the NR-stage. The zebrafish GFAP transgenic line was validated, and we have demonstrated that is a very reliable and new tool to study the role of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). RNASeq of GFAP::EGFP cells has allowed us to clearly demonstrate that indeed these cells are NSPCs. On the contrary, the GFAP::EGFP transgene is mainly expressed in astrocytes in non-regenerative stages. During regenerative stages, spinal cord injury activates proliferation of NSPCs, and we found that are mainly differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Specific ablation of these cells abolished proper regeneration, confirming that NSPCs cells are necessary for functional regeneration of the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS The cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages is profoundly different between both stages. A key hallmark of the regenerative response is the activation of NSPCs, which massively proliferate, and are differentiated into neurons to reconstruct the spinal cord. Also very notably, no glial scar formation is observed in regenerative stages, but a transient, glial scar-like structure is formed in non-regenerative stage animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Edwards-Faret
- Center for Aging and Regeneration, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina González-Pinto
- Center for Aging and Regeneration, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arantxa Cebrián-Silla
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Johany Peñailillo
- Center for Aging and Regeneration, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Larraín
- Center for Aging and Regeneration, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Lin YC, Wu CY, Hu CH, Pai TW, Chen YR, Wang WD. Integrated Hypoxia Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Developmental Neurotoxicity of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Zebrafish Embryos. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080731. [PMID: 32796530 PMCID: PMC7464806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Environmental B[a]P contamination poses a serious health risk to many organisms because the pollutant may negatively affect many physiological systems. As such, chronic exposure to B[a]P is known to lead to locomotor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in several organisms. In this study, we used the zebrafish model to delineate the acute toxic effects of B[a]P on the developing nervous system. We found that embryonic exposure of B[a]P downregulates shh and isl1, causing morphological hypoplasia in the telencephalon, ventral thalamus, hypothalamus, epiphysis and posterior commissure. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factors (hif1a and hif2a) are repressed upon embryonic exposure of B[a]P, leading to reduced expression of the Hif-target genes, epo and survivin, which are associated with neural differentiation and maintenance. During normal embryogenesis, low-level oxidative stress regulates neuronal development and function. However, our experiments revealed that embryonic oxidative stress is greatly increased in B[a]P-treated embryos. The expression of catalase was decreased and sod1 expression increased in B[a]P-treated embryos. These transcriptional changes were coincident with increased embryonic levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, with the levels in B[a]P-treated fish similar to those in embryos treated with 120-μM H2O2. Together, our data suggest that reduced Hif signaling and increased oxidative stress are involved in B[a]P-induced acute neurotoxicity during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Hwa Hu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Tun-Wen Pai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Der Wang
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Caglayan S, Hashim A, Cieslar-Pobuda A, Jensen V, Behringer S, Talug B, Chu DT, Pecquet C, Rogne M, Brech A, Brorson SH, Nagelhus EA, Hannibal L, Boschi A, Taskén K, Staerk J. Optic Atrophy 1 Controls Human Neuronal Development by Preventing Aberrant Nuclear DNA Methylation. iScience 2020; 23:101154. [PMID: 32450518 PMCID: PMC7251951 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a GTPase at the inner mitochondrial membrane involved in regulating mitochondrial fusion, stability, and energy output, is known to be crucial for neural development: Opa1 heterozygous mice show abnormal brain development, and inactivating mutations in OPA1 are linked to human neurological disorders. Here, we used genetically modified human embryonic and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and reveal that OPA1 haploinsufficiency leads to aberrant nuclear DNA methylation and significantly alters the transcriptional circuitry in neural progenitor cells (NPCs). For instance, expression of the forkhead box G1 transcription factor, which is needed for GABAergic neuronal development, is repressed in OPA1+/− NPCs. Supporting this finding, OPA1+/− NPCs cannot give rise to GABAergic interneurons, whereas formation of glutamatergic neurons is not affected. Taken together, our data reveal that OPA1 controls nuclear DNA methylation and expression of key transcription factors needed for proper neural cell specification. OPA1 haploinsufficiency impairs formation of DLX1/2-positive GABAergic neurons Reduced OPA1 levels significantly alter the transcriptional circuitry in neural cells Expression of the pioneer factor FOXG1 is decreased in OPA1+/− neural progenitor cells Impaired FOXG1 expression correlates with increased CpG methylation at its promoter
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Caglayan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adnan Hashim
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Cieslar-Pobuda
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Jensen
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sidney Behringer
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burcu Talug
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dinh Toi Chu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Rogne
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Erlend Arnulf Nagelhus
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonella Boschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCL, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith Staerk
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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