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Liu M, Li Z, Kang Y, Lv J, Jin Z, Mu S, Yue H, Li L, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsGME encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase results in little and wrinkled leaf in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:114. [PMID: 38678513 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid of the CsGME gene encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, causes the phenotype of little and wrinkled leaves in cucumbers. Leaf size is a critical determinant of plant architecture in cucumbers, yet only a few genes associated with this trait have been mapped or cloned. Here, we identified and characterized a mutant with little and wrinkled leaves, named lwl-1. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the lwl-1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Through map-based cloning, the lwl-1 locus was narrowed down to a 12.22-kb region exclusively containing one fully annotated gene CsGME (CsaV3_2G004170). CsGME encodes GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, which is involved in the synthesis of ascorbic acid (ASA) and one of the components of pectin, RG-II. Whole-length sequencing of the 12.22 kb DNA fragment revealed the presence of only a non-synonymous mutation located in the sixth exon of CsGME in lwl-1, resulting in an amino acid alteration from Pro363 to Leu363. This mutation was unique among 118 inbred lines from cucumber natural populations. CsGME expression significantly reduced in various organs of lwl-1, accompanied by a significant decrease in ASA and pectin content in leaves. Both CsGME and Csgme proteins were localized to the cytoplasm. The mutant phenotype exhibited partial recovery after the application of exogenous boric acid. Silencing CsGME in cucumber through VIGS confirmed its role as the causal gene for lwl-1. Transcriptome profiling revealed that CsGME greatly affected the expression of genes related to the cell division process and cell plate formation. This study represents the first report to characterize and clone the CsGME in cucumber, indicating its crucial role in regulating leaf size and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinzhao Lv
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoshuai Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Mu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhong Yue
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Liu MCJ, Yeh FLJ, Yvon R, Simpson K, Jordan S, Chambers J, Wu HM, Cheung AY. Extracellular pectin-RALF phase separation mediates FERONIA global signaling function. Cell 2024; 187:312-330.e22. [PMID: 38157854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The FERONIA (FER)-LLG1 co-receptor and its peptide ligand RALF regulate myriad processes for plant growth and survival. Focusing on signal-induced cell surface responses, we discovered that intrinsically disordered RALF triggers clustering and endocytosis of its cognate receptors and FER- and LLG1-dependent endocytosis of non-cognate regulators of diverse processes, thus capable of broadly impacting downstream responses. RALF, however, remains extracellular. We demonstrate that RALF binds the cell wall polysaccharide pectin. They phase separate and recruit FER and LLG1 into pectin-RALF-FER-LLG1 condensates to initiate RALF-triggered cell surface responses. We show further that two frequently encountered environmental challenges, elevated salt and temperature, trigger RALF-pectin phase separation, promiscuous receptor clustering and massive endocytosis, and that this process is crucial for recovery from stress-induced growth attenuation. Our results support that RALF-pectin phase separation mediates an exoskeletal mechanism to broadly activate FER-LLG1-dependent cell surface responses to mediate the global role of FER in plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fang-Ling Jessica Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Samuel Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James Chambers
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Haimlich S, Fridman Y, Khandal H, Savaldi-Goldstein S, Levy A. Widespread horizontal gene transfer between plants and bacteria. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae073. [PMID: 38808121 PMCID: PMC11131428 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants host a large array of commensal bacteria that interact with the host. The growth of both bacteria and plants is often dependent on nutrients derived from the cognate partners, and the bacteria fine-tune host immunity against pathogens. This ancient interaction is common in all studied land plants and is critical for proper plant health and development. We hypothesized that the spatial vicinity and the long-term relationships between plants and their microbiota may promote cross-kingdom horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a phenomenon that is relatively rare in nature. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and its extensively sequenced microbiome to detect events of horizontal transfer of full-length genes that transferred between plants and bacteria. Interestingly, we detected 75 unique genes that were horizontally transferred between plants and bacteria. Plants and bacteria exchange in both directions genes that are enriched in carbohydrate metabolism functions, and bacteria transferred to plants genes that are enriched in auxin biosynthesis genes. Next, we provided a proof of concept for the functional similarity between a horizontally transferred bacterial gene and its Arabidopsis homologue in planta. The Arabidopsis DET2 gene is essential for biosynthesis of the brassinosteroid phytohormones, and loss of function of the gene leads to dwarfism. We found that expression of the DET2 homologue from Leifsonia bacteria of the Actinobacteria phylum in the Arabidopsis det2 background complements the mutant and leads to normal plant growth. Together, these data suggest that cross-kingdom HGT events shape the metabolic capabilities and interactions between plants and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Haimlich
- The Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yulia Fridman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hitaishi Khandal
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Asaf Levy
- The Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Garnelo Gómez B, Holzwart E, Shi C, Lozano-Durán R, Wolf S. Phosphorylation-dependent routing of RLP44 towards brassinosteroid or phytosulfokine signalling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272537. [PMID: 34569597 PMCID: PMC8572011 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on cell surface receptors to integrate developmental and environmental cues into behaviour adapted to the conditions. The largest group of these receptors, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, form a complex interaction network that is modulated and extended by receptor-like proteins. This raises the question of how specific outputs can be generated when receptor proteins are engaged in a plethora of promiscuous interactions. RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 44 (RLP44) acts to promote both brassinosteroid and phytosulfokine signalling, which orchestrate diverse cellular responses. However, it is unclear how these activities are coordinated. Here, we show that RLP44 is phosphorylated in its highly conserved cytosolic tail and that this post-translational modification governs its subcellular localization. Whereas phosphorylation is essential for brassinosteroid-associated functions of RLP44, its role in phytosulfokine signalling is not affected by phospho-status. Detailed mutational analysis suggests that phospho-charge, rather than modification of individual amino acids determines routing of RLP44 to its target receptor complexes, providing a framework to understand how a common component of different receptor complexes can get specifically engaged in a particular signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Garnelo Gómez
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Eleonore Holzwart
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaonan Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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