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Kozak J, Jonak K. Association between the antioxidant properties of SESN proteins and anti-cancer therapies. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03281-6. [PMID: 37284849 PMCID: PMC10372130 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of SESN protein development, they have attracted highly progressive attention due to their regulatory role in multiple signalling pathways. Through their antioxidant activity and autophagy regulation implication, they can function as powerful antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress in cells. SESN proteins received special attention in the field of regulation of reactive oxygen species level in the cell and its interplay with signalling pathways determining energy and nutrient homeostasis. Since perturbations in these pathways are implicated in cancer onset and development, SESNs might constitute potential novel therapeutic targets of broad interest. In this review, we discuss the impact of SESN proteins on anti-cancer therapy based on naturally occurring compounds and conventionally used drugs that influence oxidative stress and autophagy-induced cellular signalling pathways. The significant changes in reactive oxygen species level and nutrient status in cancer cells generate subsequent biological effect through the regulation of SESN-dependent pathways. Thus, SESN may serve as the key molecule for regulating anti-cancer drugs' induced cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozak
- Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Department of Foreign Languages, Interfaculty Centre for Didactics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Angelakis L, Papaioannou AI, Papathanasiou E, Mazioti A, Kallieri M, Papatheodorou G, Patentalakis G, Hillas G, Papiris S, Koulouris N, Loukides S, Bakakos P. Sestrin 2 levels are associated with emphysematous phenotype of COPD. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273652. [PMID: 36040980 PMCID: PMC9426901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns) are a family of highly conserved stress-inducible proteins and various stresses have been shown to strongly up-regulate them. Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) deficiency has been shown to partially suppress pulmonary emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sesn2 levels in COPD patients and its possible associations with the presence of emphysema and blood eosinophils. All patients underwent lung function testing and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The presence of emphysematous lesions in >15% of the pulmonary parenchyma was considered as significant emphysema. Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. 40/67 patients were characterized as having significant emphysema. Patients with significant emphysema had higher levels of Sesn2 (ng/ml) [median (IQR) 6.7 (2.7,10.3 vs 1.09 (0.9,1.9), p<0.001)] and significantly lower % and absolute blood eosinophil counts (cells/μL) compared to patients without emphysema [1 (0, 2) vs 4 (2, 4) p<0.001 and 62 (0, 110) vs 248 (180, 300), p<0.001 respectively]. Sesn2 presented a significant positive correlation to the score of emphysema in HRCT (rs = 0.87, p<0.001) and similar positive but weaker correlation to FRC (rs = 0.27, p = 0.024). Negative correlations were observed between Sesn2 and either the % of blood eosinophils and/or the absolute blood eosinophil count (rs = -0.79, p<0.001, and rs = -0.78, p<0.001 respectively). Sesn2 levels above 1.87 ng/ml showed a high diagnostic performance for the presence of significant emphysema in HRCT with an AUC 0.93, 95% CI (0.85,0.98), p<0.001. Sesn2 could serve as a potential biomarker of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Angelakis
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Papathanasiou
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argiro Mazioti
- Radiology Department, “Mediterraneo” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kallieri
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Patentalakis
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- 5 Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papiris
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1 University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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3
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Ghosh AJ, Saferali A, Lee S, Chase R, Moll M, Morrow J, Yun J, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP. Blood RNA sequencing shows overlapping gene expression across COPD phenotype domains. Thorax 2022; 77:115-122. [PMID: 34168019 PMCID: PMC8711128 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE COPD can be assessed using multidimensional grading systems with components from three domains: pulmonary function tests, symptoms and systemic features. Clinically, measures may be used interchangeably, though it is not known if they share similar pathobiology. OBJECTIVE To use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine if there is an overlap in the underlying biological mechanisms and consequences driving different components of the multidimensional grading systems. METHODS Whole blood was collected for RNA-seq from current and former smokers in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study. We tested the overlap in gene expression and biological pathways associated with case-control status and quantitative COPD phenotypes within and between the three domains. RESULTS In 2647 subjects, there were 3030 genes differentially expressed in any of the three domains or case-control status. There were five genes that overlapped between the three domains and case-control status, including G protein-coupled receptor 15(GPR15), sestrin 1 (SESN1) and interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1), which were associated with longitudinal decline in FEV1. The overlap between the three domains was enriched for pathways related to cellular components. CONCLUSIONS We identified gene sets and pathways that overlap between 12 COPD-related phenotypes and case-control status. There were no pathways represented in the overlap between the three domains and case-control status, but we identified multiple genes that demonstrated a consistent pattern of expression across several of the phenotypes. Patterns of gene expression correlation were generally similar to the correlation of clinical phenotypes in the PFT and symptom domains but not the systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auyon J Ghosh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aabida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeong Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Chen Y, Huang T, Yu Z, Yu Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Shi J, Yang G. The functions and roles of sestrins in regulating human diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:2. [PMID: 34979914 PMCID: PMC8721191 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns), highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic proteins, are known to protect organisms against various noxious stimuli including DNA damage, oxidative stress, starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hypoxia. Sesns regulate metabolism mainly through activation of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sesns also play pivotal roles in autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition in normal cells, while conversely promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. The functions of Sesns in diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been broadly investigated in the past decades. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological processes of human diseases, especially musculoskeletal system diseases. One aim of this review is to discuss the biological functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological process and phenotype of diseases. More significantly, we include some new evidence about the musculoskeletal system. Another purpose is to explore whether Sesns could be potential biomarkers or targets in the future diagnostic and therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingben Huang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji'an Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoli Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Ala M, Eftekhar SP. Target Sestrin2 to Rescue the Damaged Organ: Mechanistic Insight into Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8790369. [PMID: 34765085 PMCID: PMC8577929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8790369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible metabolic regulator and a conserved antioxidant protein which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Sestrin2 can protect against atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, spinal cord injury neurodegeneration, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pulmonary inflammation. Oxidative stress and cellular damage signals can alter the expression of Sestrin2 to compensate for organ damage. Different stress signals such as those mediated by P53, Nrf2/ARE, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JNK/c-Jun, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways can induce Sestrin2 expression. Subsequently, Sestrin2 activates Nrf2 and AMPK. Furthermore, Sestrin2 is a major negative regulator of mTORC1. Sestrin2 indirectly regulates the expression of several genes and reprograms intracellular signaling pathways to attenuate oxidative stress and modulate a large number of cellular events such as protein synthesis, cell energy homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Sestrin2 vigorously enhances M2 macrophage polarization, attenuates inflammation, and prevents cell death. These alterations in molecular and cellular levels improve the clinical presentation of several diseases. This review will shed light on the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on several diseases with an emphasis on underlying pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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6
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Wang B J, Wang S, Xiao M, Zhang J, Wang A J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. Regulatory mechanisms of Sesn2 and its role in multi-organ diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105331. [PMID: 33285232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a powerful anti-oxidant that can prevent acute and chronic diseases. The role of Sesn2 has been thoroughly reviewed in liver, nervous system, and immune system diseases. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the effects of Sesn2 in heart and vascular diseases, and very less literature-based information is available on involvement of Sesn2 in renal and respiratory pathologies. This review summarizes the latest research on Sesn2 in multi-organ stress responses, with a particular focus on the protective role of Sesn2 in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting Sesn2 in stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang B
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jie Wang A
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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7
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Hwang CY, Han YH, Lee SM, Cho SM, Yu DY, Kwon KS. Sestrin2 Attenuates Cellular Senescence by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase 4 Expression. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020; 24:297-304. [PMID: 33227845 PMCID: PMC7781962 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and aging via modulation of the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) pathway. METHODS Wild-type and Sesn2 knockout (KO) mice of the 129/SvJ background were maintained in a pathogen-free authorized facility under a 12-hour dark/light cycle at 20°C-22°C and 50%-60% humidity. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were prepared from 13.5-day-old embryos derived from Sesn2-KO mice mated with each other. RESULTS The MEFs from Sesn2-KO mice showed enlarged and flattened morphologies and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, accompanied by an elevated level of reactive oxygen species. These senescence phenotypes recovered following treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine. Notably, the mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were markedly increased in Sesn2-KO MEFs. Treatment of Sesn2-KO MEFs with the NOX inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and the TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 restored cell growth inhibited by Sesn2-KO. CONCLUSION Sesn2 attenuates cellular senescence via suppression of TGF-β- and NOX4-induced reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent inhibition of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Hwang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Cho
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,GHBIO Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,Aventi Inc., Daejeon, Korea
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8
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Zhang DW, Wei YY, Ji S, Fei GH. Correlation between sestrin2 expression and airway remodeling in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:297. [PMID: 33198738 PMCID: PMC7667887 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is a major pathological characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress. Sestrin2 has recently drawn attention as an important antioxidant protein. However, the underlying correlation between sestrin2 and airway remodeling in COPD has yet to be clarified. METHODS A total of 124 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 62 control subjects and 62 COPD patients. The pathological changes in airway tissues were assessed by different staining methods. The expression of sestrin2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in airway tissues was monitored by immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect the serum concentrations of sestrin2 and MMP9. The airway parameters on computed tomography (CT) from all participants were measured for evaluating airway remodeling. The relationship between serum sestrin2 and MMP9 concentration and airway parameters in chest CT was also analyzed. RESULTS In patients with COPD, staining of airway structures showed distinct pathological changes of remodeling, including cilia cluttered, subepithelial fibrosis, and reticular basement membrane (Rbm) fragmentation. Compared with control subjects, the expression of sestrin2 and MMP9 was significantly increased in both human airway tissues and serum. Typical imaging characteristics of airway remodeling and increased airway parameters were also found by chest CT. Additionally, serum sestrin2 concentration was positively correlated with serum MMP9 concentration and airway parameters in chest CT. CONCLUSION Increased expression of sestrin2 is related to airway remodeling in COPD. We demonstrated for the first time that sestrin2 may be a novel biomarker for airway remodeling in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Sestrins are a family of proteins that respond to a variety of environmental stresses, including genotoxic, oxidative, and nutritional stresses. Sestrins affect multiple signaling pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin complexes, insulin-AKT, and redox signaling pathways. By regulating these pathways, Sestrins are thought to help adapt to stressful environments and subsequently restore cell and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we describe how Sestrins mediate physiological stress responses in the context of nutritional and chemical stresses (liver), physical movement and exercise (skeletal muscle), and chemical, physical, and inflammatory injuries (heart). These findings also support the idea that Sestrins are a molecular mediator of hormesis, a paradoxical beneficial effect of low- or moderate-level stresses in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Allison H Kowalsky
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
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10
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Haidurov A, Budanov AV. Sestrin family - the stem controlling healthy ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111379. [PMID: 33022334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a family of stress-responsive antioxidant proteins responsible for regulation of cell viability and metabolism. The best known Sestrin targets are mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases that control different cellular processes including growth, viability, autophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism. Inactivation of the single Sestrin gene in invertebrates has an adverse impact on their healthspan and longevity, whereas each of the three Sestrin genes in mammals and other vertebrate organisms has a different impact on maintenance of a particular tissue, affecting its stress tolerance, function and regenerative capability. As a result, Sestrins attenuate ageing and suppress development of many age-related diseases including myocardial infarction, muscle atrophy, diabetes, and immune dysfunction, but exacerbate development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, Sestrins play opposite roles in carcinogenesis in different tissues. Stem cells support tissue remodelling that influences ageing, and Sestrins might suppress ageing and age-related pathologies through control of stem cell biology. In this review, we will discuss the potential link between Sestrins, stem cells, and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haidurov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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He D, Li J, Zhou B, Chen Y, Hui Q, Ye F, Zhang L, He X, Niu W, Zhang Q. A correlational meta-analytical study of transforming growth factor-β genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gene 2020; 744:144633. [PMID: 32240778 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the association between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genetic polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but the results remained inconclusive and controversial. AIMS We aimed to examine the correlation between TGF-β genetic polymorphisms and COPD risk through a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, changes in circulating TGF-β concentrations across genotypes of TGF-β genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. METHODS Literature search, quality assessment, and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Data are expressed in odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 12 articles, involving 14 independent studies and 7 170 participants, were meta-analyzed for the correlation of five polymorphisms (rs2241712, rs1800469, rs1982073, rs6957, and rs2241718) in TGF-β gene with COPD risk. Under the allele model, no statistical significance was observed for all polymorphisms associated with COPD risk. Subsidiary analyses indicated that country, COPD stage, and diagnosis of COPD were potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Filled full plots revealed no missing studies for all studied polymorphisms, except rs1982073. Genotype-phenotype analyses showed that carriers of rs1800469 CT genotype had significantly higher concentrations of circulating TGF-β than those with CC genotype in COPD patients (WMD: 0.28 pg/ml, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.56). CONCLUSION Our findings failed to support the candidacy of TGF-β gene in the development of COPD, whereas the contribution of TGF-β gene to COPD might be ethnicity- and stage-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuge He
- Department of Urology, Anshan Cancer Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.
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12
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Sirtuin 1: Endocan and Sestrin 2 in Different Biological Samples in Patients with Asthma. Does Severity Make the Difference? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020473. [PMID: 32050426 PMCID: PMC7073772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sestrin 2, Endocan, and Sirtuin 1 are distinct molecules with some biologic actions associated with asthma pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular level differences attributable to underlying asthma severity. Methods: We initially recruited 85 asthmatics with a wide spectrum of severity. All of the patients were optimally treated according to current guidelines. Demographics, test results of lung function, and treatment regimes of all patients were recorded. Sestrin 2, Endocan, and Sirtuin 1 were measured in different biological samples (sputum with two processing methods and serum). Results: A total of 60 patients (35 with severe asthma) were analyzed, since 25 patients failed to produce an adequate sample of sputum. Patients with severe asthma showed significantly higher values for Sestrin 2 [pg/mL], measured in both sputum supernatant and cell pellet, compared to those with mild to moderate asthma [9524 (5696, 12,373) vs. 7476 (4265, 9273) p = 0.029, and 23,748 (15,280, 32,742) vs. 10,084 (3349, 21,784), p = 0.008, respectively]. No other significant differences were observed. No significant associations were observed between biomarkers, inflammatory cells, and lung function. Conclusion: Sestrin 2 is increased in patients with severe asthma as part of a mechanism that may modify structural alterations through the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity.
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13
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Sun W, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Quan N. The Emerging Role of Sestrin2 in Cell Metabolism, and Cardiovascular and Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2020; 11:154-163. [PMID: 32010489 PMCID: PMC6961765 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns), including Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3, are cysteine sulfinyl reductases that play critical roles in the regulation of peroxide signaling and oxidant defense. Sesn2 is thought to regulate cell growth, metabolism, and survival response to various stresses, and act as a positive regulator of autophagy. The anti-oxidative and anti-aging roles of Sesn2 have been the focus of many recent studies. The role of Sesn2 in cellular metabolism and cardiovascular and age-related diseases must be analyzed and discussed. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathophysiological roles and signaling pathways of Sesn2 in different stress-related conditions, such as oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, and hypoxia. Sesn2 is also involved in aging, cancer, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease. Understanding the actions of Sesn2 in cell metabolism and age-related diseases will provide new evidence for future experimental research and aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for Sesn2-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Sun
- 1Cardiovascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,2Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- 3Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- 1Cardiovascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nanhu Quan
- 1Cardiovascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Wang LX, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Sestrin2: Its Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanism in Host Immune Response in Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2797. [PMID: 31867002 PMCID: PMC6904332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in cellular responses to various stresses. SESN2 has a protective effect on physiological and pathological states mainly via regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and inflammation. In recent years, breakthrough investigations with regard to the regulation and signaling mechanisms of SESN2 have markedly deepened our understanding of its potential role as well as its significance in host response. However, the functions of SESN2 in the immune system and inflammation remain elusive. It has been documented that many immune cells positively express SESN2 and, in turn, that SESN2 might modulate cellular activities. This review incorporates recent progress and aims to provide novel insight into the protective role and regulatory pathway of SESN2, which acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Wang
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Lear TB, Lockwood KC, Ouyang Y, Evankovich JW, Larsen MB, Lin B, Liu Y, Chen BB. The RING-type E3 ligase RNF186 ubiquitinates Sestrin-2 and thereby controls nutrient sensing. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16527-16534. [PMID: 31586034 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient sensing is a critical cellular process controlling metabolism and signaling. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is the primary signaling hub for nutrient sensing and, when activated, stimulates anabolic processes while decreasing autophagic flux. mTORC1 receives nutrient status signals from intracellular amino acid sensors. One of these sensors, Sestrin-2, functions as an intracellular sensor of cytosolic leucine and inhibitor of mTORC1 activity. Genetic studies of Sestrin-2 have confirmed its critical role in regulating mTORC1 activity, especially in the case of leucine starvation. Sestrin-2 is known to be transcriptionally controlled by several mechanisms; however, the post-translational proteolytic regulation of Sestrin-2 remains unclear. Here, we explored how Sestrin-2 is regulated through the ubiquitin proteasome system. Using an unbiased screening approach of an siRNA library targeting ubiquitin E3 ligases, we identified a RING-type E3 ligase, ring finger protein 186 (RNF186), that critically mediates the Sestrin-2 ubiquitination and degradation. We observed that RNF186 and Sestrin-2 bind each other through distinct C-terminal motifs and that Lys-13 in Sestrin-2 is a putative ubiquitin acceptor site. RNF186 knockdown increased Sestrin-2 protein levels and decreased mTORC1 activation. These results reveal a new mechanism of E3 ligase control of mTORC1 activity through the RNF186-Sestrin-2 axis, suggesting that RNF186 inhibition may be a potential strategy to increase levels of the mTORC1 inhibitor Sestrin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Lear
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Karina C Lockwood
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yurong Ouyang
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - John W Evankovich
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mads B Larsen
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Bo Lin
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yuan Liu
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 .,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Bill B Chen
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 .,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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16
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Sundararajan S, Jayachandran I, Balasubramanyam M, Mohan V, Venkatesan B, Manickam N. Sestrin2 regulates monocyte activation through AMPK-mTOR nexus under high-glucose and dyslipidemic conditions. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8201-8213. [PMID: 30450765 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The vicious cycle between hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance results in the progression of atherosclerosis in the vessel wall. The complex interaction between hyperglycemia and lipoprotein abnormalities promotes the development of atherogenesis. In the early phase of atherosclerosis, macrophage-derived foam cells play an important role in vascular remodeling. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been identified to play an essential role in the initiation, progression, and complication of atherosclerosis. Recently sestrin2, an antioxidant, was shown to modulate TOR activity and thereby regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. But the role of sestrin2 in monocyte activation is still not clearly understood. Hence, this study is focussed on investigating the role of sestrin2 in monocyte activation under hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic conditions. High-glucose and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) treatments mediated proinflammatory cytokine production (M1) with a concomitant decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (M2) levels in human monocytic THP1 cells. Both glucose and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) in a dose and time-dependent manner increased the mTOR activation with a marked reduction in the levels of pAMPK and sestrin2 expression. Both high-glucose and OxLDL treatment increased foam cell formation and adhesion of THP1 cells to endothelial cells. Experiments employing activator or inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) as well as overexpression or silencing of sestrin2 indicated that high-glucose mediated monocyte polarization and adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial cells were appeared to be programmed via sestrin2-AMPK-mTOR nexus. Our results evidently suggest that sestrin2 plays a major role in regulating monocyte activation via the AMPK-mTOR-pathway under diabetic and dyslipidemic conditions and also AMPK regulates sestrin2 in a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Sundararajan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Isaivani Jayachandran
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Balachandar Venkatesan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Nagaraj Manickam
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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17
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Dalina AA, Kovaleva IE, Budanov AV. Sestrins are Gatekeepers in the Way from Stress to Aging and Disease. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318060043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Association between the TGF-β1 polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170747. [PMID: 28784933 PMCID: PMC5577172 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene on chromosome 19 modify the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, results from previous studies are contradictory. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of published case–control studies on the association between five common TGF-β1 polymorphisms (rs1982073, rs1800469, rs2241712, rs6957, and rs2241718) and COPD risk. Data sources were Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. Twelve studies including 6749 participants were reviewed and analyzed. For the TGF-β1 polymorphism rs1982073, the results indicted that the C allele was associated with decreased risk of COPD in Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) =0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.99, P=0.038) but not in Asians (OR =0.95, 95% CI: 0.71–1.28, P=0.741). No associations with COPD were identified for other polymorphisms evaluated in the present study including rs1800469 (T allele compared with C allele, OR =0.89, 95% CI: 0.77–1.02, P=0.099), rs2241712 (A allele compared with G allele, OR =1.03, 95% CI: 0.89–1.20, P=0.666), rs6957 (A allele compared with G allele, OR =1.14, 95% CI: 0.95–1.36, P=0.160), and rs2241718 (C allele compared with T allele, OR =0.95, 95% CI: 0.79–1.14, P=0.571). In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that the C allele of rs1982073 was protective against COPD in Caucasians but not in Asians, whereas there was no association of rs1800469, rs2241712, rs6957, and rs2241718 with COPD.
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19
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Ebnoether E, Ramseier A, Cortada M, Bodmer D, Levano-Huaman S. Sesn2 gene ablation enhances susceptibility to gentamicin-induced hair cell death via modulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17024. [PMID: 28580173 PMCID: PMC5447131 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of gentamicin-induced hair cell damage includes the activation of oxidative stress processes. Sestrins, as stress-responsive proteins, protect cells against oxidative stress. Sestrins, particularly Sestrin-2, suppress excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Thus, we addressed the role of Sestrin-2 in the regulation of sensory hair cell survival after gentamicin exposure. Here, we show that Sestrins were expressed in the inner ear tissues, and Sestrin-2 immunolocalized in sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion (SG). The expression of Sestrin-2 was unchanged, and later downregulated, in gentamicin-treated explants from wild-type mice in vitro. Compared with wild-type mice, Sestrin-2 knockout mice exhibited significantly greater hair cell loss in gentamicin-treated cochlear explants. Significant downregulation of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and upregulation of the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) were measured in wild-type cochlear explants exposed to gentamicin compared with their untreated controls. Such regulatory effect was not observed between explants from untreated and gentamicin-treated knockout mice. The gentamicin effect on mTOR signaling was rapamycin-sensitive. Thus, our data provide evidence that Sestrin-2 plays an important role in the protection of hair cells against gentamicin, and the mTOR signaling pathway appears to be modulated by gentamicin during hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Ebnoether
- Department of Biomedicine, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Ramseier
- Department of Biomedicine, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Cortada
- Department of Biomedicine, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soledad Levano-Huaman
- Department of Biomedicine, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Dong Z, Lin C, Liu Y, Jin H, Wu H, Li Z, Sun L, Zhang L, Hu X, Wei Y, Wang C, Han W. Upregulation of sestrins protect atriums against oxidative damage and fibrosis in human and experimental atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46307. [PMID: 28397812 PMCID: PMC5387733 DOI: 10.1038/srep46307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly and Sestrins (Sesns) have been suggested to prevent age-related pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sesns in AF. Clinical data were collected and a small sample of atrial appendage and atrium was obtained from patients undergoing valve repairment. The expression of Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 was significantly higher in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (PmAF) than that in sinus rhythm (SR), and further greater in the left atrium than the right in PmAF patients. Superoxide anion and malondialdehyde were enhanced and positively correlated to the protein expression of Sesn1/2/3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Ca2+ overload were significantly decreased and cell survival was enhanced by overexpression of Sesns 1/2/3 in cultured HL-1 cells. Conversely, knockdown of Sesn1/2/3 resulted in significantly increased ROS and Ca2+ overload. In addition, the overexpression of Sesn1/2 significantly reduced the proliferation of fibroblasts, as well as decreased the protein expression of collagen and fibronectin1 in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Our study demonstrated for the first time that Sesns expression is significantly up-regulated in AF, which therefore may protect hearts against oxidative damage and atrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaolan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbo Jin
- Laboratory of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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21
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Shen T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Li Y, Olmer M, Lotz MK. Suppression of Sestrins in aging and osteoarthritic cartilage: dysfunction of an important stress defense mechanism. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:287-296. [PMID: 27693501 PMCID: PMC5258682 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging is an important osteoarthritis (OA) risk factor and compromised stress defense responses may mediate this risk. The Sestrins (Sesn) promote cell survival under stress conditions and regulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This study examined Sesn expression in normal and OA cartilage and functions of Sesn in chondrocytes. METHODS Sesn expression in human and mouse normal and OA cartilage was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Sesn function was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated Sesn knockdown and overexpression with analysis of cell survival, gene expression, autophagy, and AMPK and mTOR activation. RESULTS Sesn mRNA levels were significantly reduced in human OA cartilage and immunohistochemistry of human and mouse OA cartilage also showed a corresponding reduction in protein levels. In cultured human chondrocytes Sesn1, 2 and 3 were expressed and increased by tunicamycin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response inducer and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a metabolic stress inducer. Sesn1 and 2 were increased by tBHP, an oxidative stress inducer. Sesn knockdown by siRNA reduced chondrocyte viability under basal culture conditions and in the presence of 2DG. Sesn overexpression enhanced LC3-II formation and autophagic flux, and this was related to changes in mTOR but not AMPK activation. CONCLUSION These findings are the first to show that Sesn expression is suppressed in OA affected cartilage. Sesn support chondrocyte survival under stress conditions and promote autophagy activation through modulating mTOR activity. Suppression of Sesn in OA cartilage contributes to deficiency in an important cellular homeostasis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
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22
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Tomasovic A, Kurrle N, Wempe F, De-Zolt S, Scheibe S, Koli K, Serchinger M, Schnütgen F, Sürün D, Sterner-Kock A, Weissmann N, von Melchner H. Ltbp4 regulates Pdgfrβ expression via TGFβ-dependent modulation of Nrf2 transcription factor function. Matrix Biol 2016; 59:109-120. [PMID: 27645114 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) belongs to the fibrillin/LTBP family of proteins and plays an important role as a structural component of extracellular matrix (ECM) and local regulator of TGFβ signaling. We have previously reported that Ltbp4S knock out mice (Ltbp4S-/-) develop centrilobular emphysema reminiscent of late stage COPD, which could be partially rescued by inactivating the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2). More recent studies showed that Sesn2 knock out mice upregulate Pdgfrβ-controlled alveolar maintenance programs that protect against cigarette smoke induced pulmonary emphysema. Based on this, we hypothesized that the emphysema of Ltbp4S-/- mice is primarily caused by defective Pdgfrβ signaling. Here we show that LTBP4 induces Pdgfrβ signaling by inhibiting the antioxidant Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Overall, our data identified Ltbp4 as a major player in lung remodeling and injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomasovic
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Wempe
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke De-Zolt
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katri Koli
- Research Programs Unit and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Serchinger
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Duran Sürün
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Sterner-Kock
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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23
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Tsilioni I, Filippidis AS, Kerenidi T, Budanov AV, Zarogiannis SG, Gourgoulianis KI. Sestrin-2 is significantly increased in malignant pleural effusions due to lung cancer and is potentially secreted by pleural mesothelial cells. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:726-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Kim H, An S, Ro SH, Teixeira F, Park GJ, Kim C, Cho CS, Kim JS, Jakob U, Lee JH, Cho US. Janus-faced Sestrin2 controls ROS and mTOR signalling through two separate functional domains. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10025. [PMID: 26612684 PMCID: PMC4674687 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are stress-inducible metabolic regulators with two seemingly unrelated but physiologically important functions: reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). How Sestrins fulfil this dual role has remained elusive so far. Here we report the crystal structure of human Sestrin2 (hSesn2), and show that hSesn2 is twofold pseudo-symmetric with two globular subdomains, which are structurally similar but functionally distinct from each other. While the N-terminal domain (Sesn-A) reduces alkylhydroperoxide radicals through its helix–turn–helix oxidoreductase motif, the C-terminal domain (Sesn-C) modified this motif to accommodate physical interaction with GATOR2 and subsequent inhibition of mTORC1. These findings clarify the molecular mechanism of how Sestrins can attenuate degenerative processes such as aging and diabetes by acting as a simultaneous inhibitor of ROS accumulation and mTORC1 activation. Sestrins are conserved stress-inducible metabolic regulators implicated in the prevention of agerelated diseases. Here, Kim et al. report the crystal structure of human Sestrin2 and propose a molecular mechanism for how Sestrin2 functions to prevent ROS accumulation and inhibit mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sojin An
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Molecular &Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Infection and Immunity Unit, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gyeong Jin Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Chun-Seok Cho
- Department of Molecular &Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jeong-Sig Kim
- Department of Molecular &Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 140-743, Korea
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular &Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Uhn-Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Vanakker O, Callewaert B, Malfait F, Coucke P. The Genetics of Soft Connective Tissue Disorders. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2015; 16:229-55. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Abstract
The LTBPs (or latent transforming growth factor β binding proteins) are important components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that interact with fibrillin microfibrils and have a number of different roles in microfibril biology. There are four LTBPs isoforms in the human genome (LTBP-1, -2, -3, and -4), all of which appear to associate with fibrillin and the biology of each isoform is reviewed here. The LTBPs were first identified as forming latent complexes with TGFβ by covalently binding the TGFβ propeptide (LAP) via disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum. LAP in turn is cleaved from the mature TGFβ precursor in the trans-golgi network but LAP and TGFβ remain strongly bound through non-covalent interactions. LAP, TGFβ, and LTBP together form the large latent complex (LLC). LTBPs were originally thought to primarily play a role in maintaining TGFβ latency and targeting the latent growth factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but it has also been shown that LTBP-1 participates in TGFβ activation by integrins and may also regulate activation by proteases and other factors. LTBP-3 appears to have a role in skeletal formation including tooth development. As well as having important functions in TGFβ regulation, TGFβ-independent activities have recently been identified for LTBP-2 and LTBP-4 in stabilizing microfibril bundles and regulating elastic fiber assembly.
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Tomasovic A, Kurrle N, Sürün D, Heidler J, Husnjak K, Poser I, Schnütgen F, Scheibe S, Seimetz M, Jaksch P, Hyman A, Weissmann N, von Melchner H. Sestrin 2 protein regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) expression by modulating proteasomal and Nrf2 transcription factor functions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9738-52. [PMID: 25716320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) as a suppressor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) signaling and Pdgfrβ signaling as an inducer of lung regeneration and injury repair. Here, we identified Sesn2 and the antioxidant gene inducer nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as positive regulators of proteasomal function. Inactivation of Sesn2 or Nrf2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated proteasomal inhibition and Pdgfrβ accumulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Sesn2 at nearly endogenous levels, we also showed that Sesn2 physically interacts with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and Nrf2 albeit under different reductive conditions. Overall, we characterized a novel, redox-sensitive Sesn2/Pdgfrβ suppressor pathway that negatively interferes with lung regeneration and is up-regulated in the emphysematous lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomasovic
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Duran Sürün
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Koraljka Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Harald von Melchner
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Tait IS, Li Y, Lu J. Effects of PTEN on the longevity of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells: the role of antioxidants. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:277-84. [PMID: 25395086 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a major cause of illness, disease and mortality, mainly due to the shortening of telomeres, resulting in cells undergoing senescence and apoptosis. Increasing autophagy and the levels of antioxidants removes oxidants that cause DNA and telomere damage, thus reducing the rate at which telomeres shorten, resulting in a longer cellular lifespan. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been shown to increase the lifespan of organisms by upregulating pathways involved in DNA damage repair, autophagy/antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the overexpression of PTEN on the longevity of human cell cultures by examining the increase in antioxidant potential. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were transfected with PTEN plasmids using lipofectamine. An assay was performed to quantify the protein levels of PTEN and the antioxidant potential of the cell cultures. The cell cultures were maintained until senescence occurred in order to determine longevity. The results of each assay were then compared and correlated with each other and with the longevity of the cells. The transfected cultures showed a significant increase in PTEN protein levels, total antioxidant potential and longevity (all P-values <0.001) compared with the non-transfected cell cultures. The correlation coefficient between cell longevity and PTEN levels was 0.8727; and the correlation coefficient between cell longevity and antioxidant potential was 0.6564. The successful transfection of PTEN led to an increase in PTEN levels, antioxidant potential and an increased cellular longevity. This study demonstrates that there is a potential for PTEN to be used to extend human longevity. This can lay the foundation for further studies to be carried out on humans involving PTEN and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izak S Tait
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Hamatani H, Hiromura K, Sakairi T, Takahashi S, Watanabe M, Maeshima A, Ohse T, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ, Nojima Y. Expression of a novel stress-inducible protein, sestrin 2, in rat glomerular parietal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F708-17. [PMID: 25056347 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00625.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin 2, initially identified as a p53 target protein, accumulates in cells exposed to stress and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In normal rat kidneys, sestrin 2 was selectively expressed in parietal epithelial cells (PECs), identified by the marker protein gene product 9.5. In adriamycin nephropathy, sestrin 2 expression decreased in PECs on day 14, together with increased expression of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (P-S6RP), a downstream target of mTOR. Sestrin 2 expression was markedly decreased on day 42, coinciding with glomerulosclerosis and severe periglomerular fibrosis. In puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy, decreased sestrin 2 expression, increased P-S6RP expression, and periglomerular fibrosis were observed on day 9, when massive proteinuria developed. These changes were transient and nearly normalized by day 28. In crescentic glomerulonephritis, sestrin 2 expression was not detected in cellular crescents, whereas P-S6RP increased. In conditionally immortalized cultured PECs, the forced downregulation of sestrin 2 by short hairpin RNA resulted in increased expression of P-S6RP and increased apoptosis. These data suggest that sestrin 2 is involved in PEC homeostasis by regulating the activity of mTOR. In addition, sestrin 2 could be a novel marker of PECs, and decreased expression of sestrin 2 might be a marker of PEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hamatani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan;
| | - Toru Sakairi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Watanabe
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akito Maeshima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takamoto Ohse
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Jeffery W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Yoshihisa Nojima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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30
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Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Lu R, Syhr KMJ, Heidler J, von Melchner H, Geisslinger G, Bangsow T, Schmidtko A. Antioxidant activity of sestrin 2 controls neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2013-23. [PMID: 23495831 PMCID: PMC3869453 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating disease that is often unresponsive to currently available treatments. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, little is known about endogenous mechanisms that neutralize the pain-relevant effects of ROS. In the present study, we tested whether the stress-responsive antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) blocks the ROS-induced neuropathic pain processing in vivo. RESULTS We observed that Sesn2 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in peripheral nerves after spared nerve injury, a well-characterized model of neuropathic pain. Sesn2 knockout (Sesn2(-/-)) mice exhibited considerably increased late-phase neuropathic pain behavior, while their behavior in acute nociceptive and in inflammatory pain models remained unaffected. The exacerbated neuropathic pain behavior of Sesn2(-/-) mice was associated with elevated ROS levels and an enhanced activating transcription factor 3 up-regulation in sensory neurons, and it was reversed by the ROS scavenger N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone. In contrast, administration of the ROS donor tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced a prolonged pain behavior in naive Sesn2(-/-) mice. INNOVATION We show that the antioxidant function of Sesn2 limits neuropathic pain processing in vivo. CONCLUSION Sesn2 controls ROS-dependent neuropathic pain signaling after peripheral nerve injury and may, thus, provide a potential new target for the clinical management of chronic neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kallenborn-Gerhardt
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Abstract
The Sestrins constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved stress-inducible proteins that suppress oxidative stress and regulate AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. By virtue of these activities, the Sestrins serve as important regulators of metabolic homeostasis. Accordingly, inactivation of Sestrin genes in invertebrates resulted in diverse metabolic pathologies, including oxidative damage, fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and muscle degeneration, that resemble accelerated tissue aging. Likewise, Sestrin deficiencies in mice led to accelerated diabetic progression upon obesity. Further investigation of Sestrin function and regulation should provide new insights into age-associated metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, myopathies, and cancer.
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32
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Heidler J, Fysikopoulos A, Wempe F, Seimetz M, Bangsow T, Tomasovic A, Veit F, Scheibe S, Pichl A, Weisel F, Lloyd KCK, Jaksch P, Klepetko W, Weissmann N, von Melchner H. Sestrin-2, a repressor of PDGFRβ signalling, promotes cigarette-smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice and is upregulated in individuals with COPD. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1378-87. [PMID: 24046361 PMCID: PMC3820261 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is caused by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and/or other environmental pollutants that are believed to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that gradually disrupt signalling pathways responsible for maintaining lung integrity. Here we identify the antioxidant protein sestrin-2 (SESN2) as a repressor of PDGFRβ signalling, and PDGFRβ signalling as an upstream regulator of alveolar maintenance programmes. In mice, the mutational inactivation of Sesn2 prevents the development of cigarette-smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema by upregulating PDGFRβ expression via a selective accumulation of intracellular superoxide anions (O2−). We also show that SESN2 is overexpressed and PDGFRβ downregulated in the emphysematous lungs of individuals with COPD and to a lesser extent in human lungs of habitual smokers without COPD, implicating a negative SESN2-PDGFRβ interrelationship in the pathogenesis of COPD. Taken together, our results imply that SESN2 could serve as both a biomarker and as a drug target in the clinical management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Heidler
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Bornachea O, Santos M, Martínez-Cruz AB, García-Escudero R, Dueñas M, Costa C, Segrelles C, Lorz C, Buitrago A, Saiz-Ladera C, Agirre X, Grande T, Paradela B, Maraver A, Ariza JM, Prosper F, Serrano M, Sánchez-Céspedes M, Paramio JM. EMT and induction of miR-21 mediate metastasis development in Trp53-deficient tumours. Sci Rep 2012; 2:434. [PMID: 22666537 PMCID: PMC3364492 DOI: 10.1038/srep00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in TP53 gene promote metastasis in human tumours. However, little is known about the complete loss of function of p53 in tumour metastasis. Here we show that squamous cell carcinomas generated by the specific ablation of Trp53 gene in mouse epidermis are highly metastatic. Biochemical and genome-wide mRNA and miRNA analyses demonstrated that metastases are associated with the early induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and deregulated miRNA expression in primary tumours. Increased expression of miR-21 was observed in undifferentiated, prometastatic mouse tumours and in human tumours characterized by p53 mutations and distant metastasis. The augmented expression of miR-21, mediated by active mTOR and Stat3 signalling, conferred increased invasive properties to mouse keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo, whereas blockade of miR-21 in a metastatic spindle cell line inhibits metastasis development. Collectively these data identify novel molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis in vivo originated by p53 loss in epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Budanov AV. Stress-responsive sestrins link p53 with redox regulation and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1679-90. [PMID: 20712410 PMCID: PMC3151419 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 protects organisms from most types of cancer through multiple mechanisms. The p53 gene encodes a stress-activated transcriptional factor that transcriptionally regulates a large set of genes with versatile functions. These p53-activated genes mitigate consequences of stress regulating cell viability, growth, proliferation, repair, and metabolism. Recently, we described a novel antioxidant function of p53, which is important for its tumor suppressor activity. Among the many antioxidant genes activated by p53, Sestrins (Sesns) are critical for suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protection from oxidative stress, transformation, and genomic instability. Sestrins can regulate ROS through their direct effect on antioxidant peroxiredoxin proteins and through the AMP-activated protein kinase-target of rapamycin signaling pathway. The AMP-activated protein kinase-target of rapamycin axis is critical for regulation of metabolism and autophagy, two processes associated with ROS production, and deregulation of this pathway increases vulnerability of the organism to stress, aging, and age-related diseases, including cancer. Recently, we have shown that inactivation of Sestrin in fly causes accumulation of age-associated damage. Hence, Sestrins can link p53 with aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Budanov
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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35
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Chappell SL, Daly L, Lotya J, Alsaegh A, Guetta-Baranes T, Roca J, Rabinovich R, Morgan K, Millar AB, Donnelly SC, Keatings V, MacNee W, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS, Miniati M, Monti S, O'Connor CM, Kalsheker N. The role of IREB2 and transforming growth factor beta-1 genetic variants in COPD: a replication case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:24. [PMID: 21320324 PMCID: PMC3047296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are known to contribute to COPD susceptibility and these factors are not fully understood. Conflicting results have been reported for many genetic studies of candidate genes based on their role in the disease. Genome-wide association studies in combination with expression profiling have identified a number of new candidates including IREB2. A meta-analysis has implicated transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) as a contributor to disease susceptibility. Methods We have examined previously reported associations in both genes in a collection of 1017 white COPD patients and 912 non-diseased smoking controls. Genotype information was obtained for seven SNPs in the IREB2 gene, and for four SNPs in the TGFbeta1 gene. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between COPD cases and controls, and odds ratios were calculated. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, smoking and centre, including interactions of age, sex and smoking with centre. Results Our data replicate the association of IREB2 SNPs in association with COPD for SNP rs2568494, rs2656069 and rs12593229 with respective adjusted p-values of 0.0018, 0.0039 and 0.0053. No significant associations were identified for TGFbeta1. Conclusions These studies have therefore confirmed that the IREB2 locus is a contributor to COPD susceptibility and suggests a new pathway in COPD pathogenesis invoking iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Chappell
- The University of Nottingham, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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36
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Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns) are a family of highly conserved stress-responsive proteins, transcriptionally regulated by p53 and forkhead transcription factor that exhibit oxidoreductase activity in vitro and can protect cells from oxidative stress. However, their major biochemical and physiological function does not appear to depend on their redox (reduction and oxidation) activity. Sesns promote activation of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase in both mammals and flies. Stress-induced Sesn expression results in inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the physiological and pathological implications of disrupting the Sesns-TORC1 crosstalk are now being unravelled. Detailing their mechanism of action and exploring their roles in human physiology point to exciting new insights to topics as diverse as stress, cancer, metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Budanov
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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37
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Kantola AK, Ryynänen MJ, Lhota F, Keski-Oja J, Koli K. Independent regulation of short and long forms of latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP)-4 in cultured fibroblasts and human tissues. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:727-36. [PMID: 20175115 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is secreted and targeted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) in association with one of the latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). Activation of these latent complexes is an important regulatory step in TGF-beta signaling. LTBPs target the growth factor into the ECM and expose it to activating mechanisms. Disruption of LTBP-4 gene causes severe developmental abnormalities in both humans and mice. Transcripts for two N-terminally distinct LTBP-4 variants, LTBP-4S (short) and -4L (long), have been identified. In the current work, we have characterized differences in the expression, processing, and ECM targeting of these LTBP-4 variants. Heart and skeletal muscle displayed expression of both variants, while liver expressed mainly LTBP-4L and lung as well as small intestine LTBP-4S. This tissue-specific expression pattern was found to originate from control of transcription by two independent promoters. Furthermore, LTBP-4S and -4L proteins were secreted and processed differently. During secretion, LTBP-4L was complexed with TGF-beta1, whereas the majority of LTBP-4S was secreted in a free form. In addition, LTBP-4S was incorporated into the ECM, while full-length LTBP-4L was not readily detectable in the ECM. These data suggest that LTBP-4 functions are modified by tissue-specific expression of the two N-terminally distinct variants, which in addition exhibit significant differences in cellular processing and targeting, that is, this provides a basis for understanding molecular diversity in LTBP-4 structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kantola
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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