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Mahdi Khanifar M, Zafari Z, Sheykhhasan M. Crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and p53 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A review study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154756. [PMID: 37611430 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of diverse physiological processes and are dysregulated in a wide range of pathophysiological circumstances such as CRC. Studies revealed that aberrant expressions of lncRNAs clearly modulate the expression level of p53 gene in CRC, thereby transactivating multiple downstream pathways. P53 is regarded as a crucial tumor suppressor gene which promotes cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence or apoptosis in response to cellular stresses. P53 is also mutated in CRC as well as various types of human malignancies. Therefore, lncRNAs interact with the p53 signaling pathway in numerus ways and significantly influence CRC-related processes. The current findings in the investigation of the crosstalk between lncRNAs and the P53 pathway in controlling CRC carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance are summarized in the this review. A deeper knowledge of CRC carcinogenesis may also have implications in CRC prevention and treatment through more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Khanifar
- School of Molecular Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zafari
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran.
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Therapy Resistance and Disease Progression in CML: Mechanistic Links and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022; 17:181-197. [PMID: 36258106 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-022-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the adoption of tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) as molecular targeted therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia, some patients do not respond to treatment and even experience disease progression. This review aims to give a broad summary of advances in understanding of the mechanisms of therapy resistance, as well as management strategies that may overcome or prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Ultimately, the goal of therapy is the cure of CML, which will also require an increased understanding of the leukemia stem cell (LSC). RECENT FINDINGS Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors stems from a range of possible causes. Mutations of the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncoprotein have been well-studied. Other causes range from cell-intrinsic factors, such as the inherent resistance of primitive stem cells to drug treatment, to mechanisms extrinsic to the leukemic compartment that help CML cells evade apoptosis. There exists heterogeneity in TKI response among different hematopoietic populations in CML. The abundances of these TKI-sensitive and TKI-insensitive populations differ from patient to patient and contribute to response heterogeneity. It is becoming clear that targeting the BCR-ABL1 kinase through TKIs is only one part of the equation, and TKI usage alone may not cure the majority of patients with CML. Considerable effort should be devoted to targeting the BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistance and persistence of CML LSCs.
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Smeenk L, Ottema S, Mulet-Lazaro R, Ebert A, Havermans M, Arricibita Varea A, Fellner M, Pastoors D, van Herk S, Erpelinck-Verschueren C, Grob T, Hoogenboezem RM, Kavelaars FG, Matson DR, Bresnick EH, Bindels EM, Kentsis A, Zuber J, Delwel R. Selective requirement of MYB for oncogenic hyperactivation of a translocated enhancer in leukemia. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2868-2883. [PMID: 33980539 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(3)(q21;q26) or t(3;3)(q21;q26), a translocated GATA2 enhancer drives oncogenic expression of EVI1. We generated an EVI1-GFP AML model and applied an unbiased CRISPR/Cas9 enhancer scan to uncover sequence motifs essential for EVI1 transcription. Using this approach, we pinpointed a single regulatory element in the translocated GATA2 enhancer that is critically required for aberrant EVI1 expression. This element contained a DNA binding motif for the transcription factor MYB which specifically occupied this site at the translocated allele and was dispensable for GATA2 expression. MYB knockout as well as peptidomimetic blockade of CBP/p300-dependent MYB functions resulted in downregulation of EVI1 but not of GATA2. Targeting MYB or mutating its DNA-binding motif within the GATA2 enhancer resulted in myeloid differentiation and cell death, suggesting that interference with MYB-driven EVI1 transcription provides a potential entry point for therapy of inv(3)/t(3;3) AMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Smeenk
- Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute
| | - Sophie Ottema
- Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute
| | | | - Anja Ebert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University
| | | | | | - Michaela Fellner
- Immunology and Cancer, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology
| | - Dorien Pastoors
- Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute
| | | | | | - Tim Grob
- Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Daniel R Matson
- Cell and Regenerative Biology, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Cell and Regenerative Biology, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | | | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Immunology and Cancer, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute
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Dunphy K, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P. Current Methods of Post-Translational Modification Analysis and Their Applications in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1930. [PMID: 33923680 PMCID: PMC8072572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a layer of complexity to the proteome through the addition of biochemical moieties to specific residues of proteins, altering their structure, function and/or localization. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. The low stoichiometry of modified peptides means fractionation and enrichment techniques are often performed prior to MS to improve detection yields. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes, including cell signaling, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation, that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of many blood cancer therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, involves inhibiting or modulating protein modifications. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer will undoubtedly lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation, proliferation, and survival, in addition to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
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Samur MK, Aktas Samur A, Fulciniti M, Szalat R, Han T, Shammas M, Richardson P, Magrangeas F, Minvielle S, Corre J, Moreau P, Thakurta A, Anderson KC, Parmigiani G, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi NC. Genome-Wide Somatic Alterations in Multiple Myeloma Reveal a Superior Outcome Group. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3107-3118. [PMID: 32687451 PMCID: PMC7499613 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is accompanied by heterogeneous somatic alterations. The overall goal of this study was to describe the genomic landscape of myeloma using deep whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and develop a model that identifies patients with long survival. METHODS We analyzed deep WGS data from 183 newly diagnosed patients with MM treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) alone or RVD + autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in the IFM/DFCI 2009 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01191060). We integrated genomic markers with clinical data. RESULTS We report significant variability in mutational load and processes within MM subgroups. The timeline of observed activation of mutational processes provides the basis for 2 distinct models of acquisition of mutational changes detected at the time of diagnosis of myeloma. Virtually all MM subgroups have activated DNA repair-associated signature as a prominent late mutational process, whereas APOBEC signature targeting C>G is activated in the intermediate phase of disease progression in high-risk MM. Importantly, we identify a genomically defined MM subgroup (17% of newly diagnosed patients) with low DNA damage (low genomic scar score with chromosome 9 gain) and a superior outcome (100% overall survival at 69 months), which was validated in a large independent cohort. This subgroup allowed us to distinguish patients with low- and high-risk hyperdiploid MM and identify patients with prolongation of progression-free survival. Genomic characteristics of this subgroup included lower mutational load with significant contribution from age-related mutations as well as frequent NRAS mutation. Surprisingly, their overall survival was independent of International Staging System and minimal residual disease status. CONCLUSION This is a comprehensive study identifying genomic markers of a good-risk group with prolonged survival. Identification of this patient subgroup will affect future therapeutic algorithms and research planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Samur
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anil Aktas Samur
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raphael Szalat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tessa Han
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Masood Shammas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Florence Magrangeas
- Inserm UMR892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Unité Mixte de Genomique du Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- Inserm UMR892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Unité Mixte de Genomique du Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Jill Corre
- University Cancer Center of Toulouse Institut National de la Santé, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Inserm UMR892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Unité Mixte de Genomique du Cancer, Nantes, France
| | | | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- University Cancer Center of Toulouse Institut National de la Santé, Toulouse, France
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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Justice MJ, Hmeljak J, Sankaran VG, Socolovsky M, Zon LI. From blood development to disease: a paradigm for clinical translation. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043661. [PMID: 31836582 PMCID: PMC6994934 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating basic research to the clinic is a primary aim of Disease Models & Mechanisms, and the recent successes in hematopoiesis research provide a blueprint of how fundamental biological research can provide solutions to important clinical problems. These advances were the main motivation for choosing hematopoiesis disorders as the focus of our inaugural meeting, 'Blood Disorders: Models, Mechanisms and Therapies', which was held in early October 2019. This Editorial discusses the reasons for and the challenges of interdisciplinary research in hematopoiesis, provides examples of how research in model systems is a key translational step towards effective treatments for blood disorders and summarizes what the community believes are the key exciting developments and challenges in this field.
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