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Shannon JG, Hinnebusch BJ. Characterization and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic manipulation of neutrophils derived from Hoxb8-ER-immortalized myeloid progenitors. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:42-52. [PMID: 36992528 PMCID: PMC10376455 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent a first line of defense against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. Transduction with an estrogen receptor-Hoxb8 transcription factor fusion construct conditionally immortalizes myeloid progenitor cells (NeutPro) capable of differentiation into neutrophils. This system has been very useful for generating large numbers of murine neutrophils for in vitro and in vivo studies. However, some questions remain as to how closely neutrophils derived from these immortalized progenitors reflect primary neutrophils. Here we describe our experience with NeutPro-derived neutrophils as it relates to our studies of Yersinia pestis pathogenesis. NeutPro neutrophils have circular or multilobed nuclei, similar to primary bone marrow neutrophils. Differentiation of neutrophils from NeutPro cells leads to increased expression of CD11b, GR1, CD62L, and Ly6G. However, the NeutPro neutrophils expressed lower levels of Ly6G than bone marrow neutrophils. NeutPro neutrophils produced reactive oxygen species at slightly lower levels than bone marrow neutrophils, and the 2 cell types phagocytosed and killed Y. pestis in vitro to a similar degree. To further demonstrate their utility, we used a nonviral method for nuclear delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA complexes to delete genes of interest in NeutPro cells. In summary, we have found these cells to be morphologically and functionally equivalent to primary neutrophils and useful for in vitro assays related to studies of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Shannon
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - B Joseph Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840
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Lail SS, Arnold CR, de Almeida LGN, McKenna N, Chiriboga JA, Dufour A, Warren AL, Yates RM. Hox-driven conditional immortalization of myeloid and lymphoid progenitors: Uses, advantages, and future potential. Traffic 2022; 23:538-553. [PMID: 36117140 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Those who study macrophage biology struggle with the decision whether to utilize primary macrophages derived directly from mice or opt for the convenience and genetic tractability of immortalized macrophage-like cell lines in in vitro studies. Particularly when it comes to studying phagocytosis and phagosomal maturation-a signature cellular process of the macrophage-many commonly used cell lines are not representative of what occurs in primary macrophages. A system developed by Mark Kamps' group, that utilizes conditionally constitutive activity of Hox transcription factors (Hoxb8 and Hoxa9) to immortalize differentiation-competent myeloid cell progenitors of mice, offers an alternative to the macrophage/macrophage-like dichotomy. In this resource, we will review the use of Hoxb8 and Hoxa9 as hematopoietic regulators to conditionally immortalize murine hematopoietic progenitor cells which retain their ability to differentiate into many functional immune cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, osteoclasts, eosinophils, dendritic cells, as well as limited potential for the generation of lymphocytes. We further demonstrate that the use of macrophages derived from Hoxb8/Hoxa9 immortalized progenitors and their similarities to bone marrow-derived macrophages. To supplement the existing data, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, flow cytometry, cytology, and in vitro phagosomal assays were conducted on macrophages derived from Hoxb8 immortalized progenitors and compared to bone marrow-derived macrophages and the macrophage-like cell line J774. We additionally propose the use of a standardized nomenclature to describe cells derived from the Hoxb8/Hoxa9 system in anticipation of their expanded use in the study of leukocyte cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shranjit S Lail
- Department of Medical Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Corey R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luiz G N de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neil McKenna
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose A Chiriboga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy L Warren
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Michael Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Schürmann H, Abbasi F, Russo A, Hofemeier AD, Brandt M, Roth J, Vogl T, Betz T. Analysis of monocyte cell tractions in 2.5D reveals mesoscale mechanics of podosomes during substrate-indenting cell protrusion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275542. [PMID: 35621127 PMCID: PMC9189428 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are mechanosensitive protrusive actin structures that are prominent in myeloid cells, and they have been linked to vascular extravasation. Recent studies have suggested that podosomes are hierarchically organized and have coordinated dynamics on the cell scale, which implies that the local force generation by single podosomes can be different from their global combined action. Complementary to previous studies focusing on individual podosomes, here we investigated the cell-wide force generation of podosome-bearing ER-Hoxb8 monocytes. We found that the occurrence of focal tractions accompanied by a cell-wide substrate indentation cannot be explained by summing the forces of single podosomes. Instead, our findings suggest that superimposed contraction on the cell scale gives rise to a buckling mechanism that can explain the measured cell-scale indentation. Specifically, the actomyosin network contraction causes peripheral in-plane substrate tractions, while the accumulated internal stress results in out-of-plane deformation in the central cell region via a buckling instability, producing the cell-scale indentation. Hence, we propose that contraction of the actomyosin network, which connects the podosomes, leads to a substrate indentation that acts in addition to the protrusion forces of individual podosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Using a buckling model, we extend the current description of local podosome protrusion and include a mechanical explanation for protrusion on the cell scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schürmann
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonella Russo
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arne D Hofemeier
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandt
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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