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Lee CY, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martínez-Bueno M, Møller AP, Rabelo-Ruiz M, Zamora-Muñoz C, Soler JJ. The gut microbiota of brood parasite and host nestlings reared within the same environment: disentangling genetic and environmental effects. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2691-2702. [PMID: 32681160 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota are essential for host health and survival, but we are still far from understanding the processes involved in shaping their composition and evolution. Controlled experimental work under lab conditions as well as human studies pointed at environmental factors (i.e., diet) as the main determinant of the microbiota with little evidence of genetic effects, while comparative interspecific studies detected significant phylogenetic effects. Different species, however, also differ in diet, feeding behavior, and environmental characteristics of habitats, all of which also vary interspecifically, and, therefore, can potentially explain most of the detected phylogenetic patterns. Here, we take advantage of the reproductive strategy of avian brood parasites and investigate gut microbiotas (esophageal (food and saliva) and intestinal) of great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) and magpie (Pica pica) nestlings that grow in the same nests. We also estimated diet received by each nestling and explored its association with gut microbiota characteristics. Although esophageal microbiota of magpies and great spotted cuckoos raised within the same environment (nest) did not vary, the microbiota of cloacal samples showed clear interspecific differences. Moreover, diet of great spotted cuckoo and magpie nestlings explained the microbiota composition of esophageal samples, but not of cloaca samples. These results strongly suggest a genetic component determining the intestinal microbiota of host and parasitic bird species, indicating that interspecific differences in gut morphology and physiology are responsible for such interspecific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chop Yan Lee
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Miguel Rabelo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Zamora-Muñoz
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Soler
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Almería, Spain.
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Stynoski JL, Stynoski PB, Noble VR. Empirical evidence for multiple costs of begging in poison frog tadpoles. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Context-dependent effects of an experimental increase of hunger level in house sparrow nestlings. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dakin R, Ouyang JQ, Lendvai ÁZ, Haussmann M, Moore IT, Bonier F. Weather matters: begging calls are temperature- and size-dependent signals of offspring state. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Begging calls provide a way for parents to gauge offspring state. Although temperature is known to affect call production, previous studies have not examined the influence of ambient temperature at the nest. We recorded ambient temperature and begging calls of 3 day-old tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Our results indicate that typical daily temperature flux can dramatically alter a brood’s begging calls, depending on body size. Broods with small (low body mass) nestlings decreased the rate and length of their calls at colder temperatures, consistent with a biophysical constraint. In contrast, broods with large (high body mass) nestlings increased the rate of their calls at colder temperatures. Parents responded in a context-dependent manner, returning more rapidly after smaller nestlings gave longer begging calls. Our results suggest that the function of offspring begging calls is highly dynamic, with environmental conditions altering the relationship between begging calls and offspring state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Dakin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jenny Q. Ouyang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ádám Z. Lendvai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ignacio T. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Frances Bonier
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Soler JJ, Ruiz Castellano C, Martínez-de la Puente J, Tomás G, Ruiz-Rodríguez M, Figuerola J. Telomere dynamics in parasitic great spotted cuckoos and their magpie hosts. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1610-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Soler
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC); Almería Spain
| | - C. Ruiz Castellano
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC); Almería Spain
| | | | - G. Tomás
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC); Almería Spain
| | - M. Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC); Almería Spain
| | - J. Figuerola
- Departamento de Ecología de Humedales; Estación Biológica Doñana (CSIC); Sevilla Spain
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Soler M, Ruiz-Raya F, Carra LG, Medina-Molina E, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Martín-Gálvez D. A long-term experimental study demonstrates the costs of begging that were not found over the short term. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111929. [PMID: 25372280 PMCID: PMC4221185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-offspring conflict theory predicts that begging behaviour could escalate continuously over evolutionary time if it is not prevented by costliness of begging displays. Three main potential physiological costs have been proposed: growth, immunological and metabolic costs. However, empirical evidence on this subject remains elusive because published results are often contradictory. In this study, we test for the existence of these three potential physiological costs of begging in house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings by stimulating a group of nestlings to beg for longer and another group for shorter periods than in natural conditions. All nestlings were fed with the same quantity of food. Our study involves a long-term experimental treatment for begging studies (five consecutive days). Long-term studies frequently provide clearer results than short-term studies and, sometimes, relevant information not reported by the latter ones. Our long-term experiment shows (i) a clear effect on the immune response even since the first measurement (6 hours), but it was higher during the second (long-term) than during the first (short-term) test; (ii) evidence of a growth cost of begging in house sparrow nestlings not previously found by other studies; (iii) body condition was affected by our experimental manipulation only after 48 hour; (iv) a metabolic cost of begging never previously shown in any species, and (v) for the first time, it has shown a simultaneous effect of the three potential physiological costs of begging: immunocompetence, growth, and metabolism. This implies first, that a multilevel trade-off can occur between begging and all physiological costs and, second, that a lack of support in a short-term experiment for the existence of a tested cost of begging does not mean absence of that cost, because it can be found in a long-term experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soler
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Grupo Coevolución, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Raya
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura G. Carra
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eloy Medina-Molina
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martín-Gálvez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Almería, Spain
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Rector ME, Walsh CJ, Kouwenberg AL, Fitzsimmons MG, Storey AE. Signals of need and quality: Atlantic puffin chicks can beg and boast. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Moreno-Rueda G, Redondo T. Benefits of extra begging fail to compensate for immunological costs in southern shrike (Lanius meridionalis) nestlings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44647. [PMID: 22957095 PMCID: PMC3434154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models aimed at explaining the evolution of honest, informative begging signals employed by nestling birds to solicit food from their parents, require that dishonest signalers incur a net viability cost in order to prevent runaway escalation of signal intensity over evolutionary time. Previous attempts to determine such a cost empirically have identified two candidate physiological costs associated with exaggerated begging: a growth and an immunological cost. However, they failed to take into account the fact that those costs are potentially offset by the fact that nestlings that invest more in begging are also likely to obtain more food. In this study, we test experimentally whether a 25% increase in ingested food compensates for growth and immunological costs of extra begging in southern shrike (Lanius meridionalis) nestlings. Three nestmates matched by size were given three treatments: low begging, high begging-same food intake, and high begging-extra food intake. We found that, while a higher food intake did effectively compensate for the growth cost, it failed to compensate for the immunological cost, measured as T-cell mediated immune response against an innocuous mitogen. Thus, we show for the first time that escalated begging has an associated physiological net cost likely to affect nestling survival negatively.
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Soler M, de Neve L. Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings but not Magpie Nestlings Starve in Experimental Age-Matched Broods. Ethology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Romano A, Caprioli M, Boncoraglio G, Saino N, Rubolini D. With a little help from my kin: barn swallow nestlings modulate solicitation of parental care according to nestmates' need. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1703-10. [PMID: 22845831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In altricial species, offspring competing for access to limiting parental resources (e.g. food) are selected to achieve an optimal balance between the costs of scrambling for food, the benefits of being fed and the indirect costs of subtracting food to relatives. As the marginal benefits of acquiring additional food decrease with decreasing levels of need, satiated offspring should be prone to favour access to food by their needy kin, thus enhancing their own indirect fitness, while concomitantly reducing costs of harsh competition with hungry broodmates. We tested this prediction in feeding trials of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) nestlings by comparing begging behaviour and food intake of two similar-sized nestmates, one of which was food-deprived (FD). Non-food-deprived (NFD) offspring modulated begging intensity depending on their nestmate's need: when competing with FD nestmates, NFD nestlings reduced both the intensity and frequency of begging displays compared to themselves in the control trial before food deprivation. Hence, NFD nestlings reduced their competitiveness to the advantage of FD nestmates, which obtained more feedings and showed a threefold larger increase in body mass. Moderation of individual selfishness can therefore be adaptive in the presence of a needier kin, because the indirect fitness benefits of promoting its condition can outweigh the costs of forgoing being fed, and because it limits the cost of begging escalation against a vigorous competitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Moreno-Rueda G, Redondo T, Trenzado CE, Sanz A, Zúñiga JM. Oxidative stress mediates physiological costs of begging in magpie (Pica pica) nestlings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40367. [PMID: 22808144 PMCID: PMC3393730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models predict that a cost is necessary to guarantee honesty in begging displays given by offspring to solicit food from their parents. There is evidence for begging costs in the form of a reduced growth rate and immunocompetence. Moreover, begging implies vigorous physical activity and attentiveness, which should increase metabolism and thus the releasing of pro-oxidant substances. Consequently, we predict that soliciting offspring incur a cost in terms of oxidative stress, and growth rate and immune response (processes that generate pro-oxidants substances) are reduced in order to maintain oxidative balance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We test whether magpie (Pica pica) nestlings incur a cost in terms of oxidative stress when experimentally forced to beg intensively, and whether oxidative balance is maintained by reducing growth rate and immune response. Our results show that begging provokes oxidative stress, and that nestlings begging for longer bouts reduce growth and immune response, thereby maintaining their oxidative status. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings help explaining the physiological link between begging and its associated growth and immunocompetence costs, which seems to be mediated by oxidative stress. Our study is a unique example of the complex relationships between the intensity of a communicative display (begging), oxidative stress, and life-history traits directly linked to viability.
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Soler M, de Neve L, Roldán M, Macías-Sánchez E, Martín-Gálvez D. Do great spotted cuckoo nestlings beg dishonestly? Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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DEMANDING CHICKS GET AHEAD. J Exp Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.058271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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