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Ballal DS, Saklani AP. HIPECT4 Trial-the Devil Is in the Details! Is Prophylactic HIPEC and Cytoreduction the New Standard of Care for T4 Colorectal Cancer? Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:302-303. [PMID: 38741653 PMCID: PMC11088578 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S. Ballal
- Division of Colo-Rectal and Peritoneal Surface Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Room 1212, 12 Floor Homi Babha Block, Dr E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Avanish P. Saklani
- Division of Colo-Rectal and Peritoneal Surface Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Room 1212, 12 Floor Homi Babha Block, Dr E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
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Arjona-Sánchez A, Espinosa-Redondo E, Gutiérrez-Calvo A, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Pérez-Viejo E, Concepción-Martín V, Sánchez-García S, García-Fadrique A, Prieto-Nieto I, Barrios-Sanchez P, Torres-Melero J, Ramírez Faraco M, Prada-Villaverde A, Carrasco-Campos J, Artiles-Armas M, Villarejo-Campos P, Ortega-Pérez G, Boldo-Roda E, Sánchez-Hidalgo JM, Casado-Adam A, Rodríguez-Ortiz L, Aranda E, Cano-Osuna MT, Díaz-López C, Romero-Ruiz A, Briceño-Delgado J, Rufián-Peña S. Efficacy and Safety of Intraoperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:683-691. [PMID: 37099280 PMCID: PMC10134040 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Peritoneal metastasis in patients with locally advanced colon cancer (T4 stage) is estimated to recur at a rate of approximately 25% at 3 years from surgical resection and is associated with poor prognosis. There is controversy regarding the clinical benefit of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in these patients. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of intraoperative HIPEC in patients with locally advanced colon cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial was conducted in 17 Spanish centers from November 15, 2015, to March 9, 2021. Enrolled patients were aged 18 to 75 years with locally advanced primary colon cancer diagnosed preoperatively (cT4N02M0). Interventions Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive cytoreduction plus HIPEC with mitomycin C (30 mg/m2 over 60 minutes; investigational group) or cytoreduction alone (comparator group), both followed by systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Randomization of the intention-to-treat population was done via a web-based system, with stratification by treatment center and sex. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 3-year locoregional control (LC) rate, defined as the proportion of patients without peritoneal disease recurrence analyzed by intention to treat. Secondary end points were disease-free survival, overall survival, morbidity, and rate of toxic effects. Results A total of 184 patients were recruited and randomized (investigational group, n = 89; comparator group, n = 95). The mean (SD) age was 61.5 (9.2) years, and 111 (60.3%) were male. Median duration of follow-up was 36 months (IQR, 27-36 months). Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. The 3-year LC rate was higher in the investigational group (97.6%) than in the comparator group (87.6%) (log-rank P = .03; hazard ratio [HR], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.95). No differences were observed in disease-free survival (investigational, 81.2%; comparator, 78.0%; log-rank P = .22; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.41-1.22) or overall survival (investigational, 91.7%; comparator, 92.9%; log-rank P = .68; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.26-2.37). The definitive subgroup with pT4 disease showed a pronounced benefit in 3-year LC rate after investigational treatment (investigational: 98.3%; comparator: 82.1%; log-rank P = .003; HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.70). No differences in morbidity or toxic effects between groups were observed. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, the addition of HIPEC to complete surgical resection for locally advanced colon cancer improved the 3-year LC rate compared with surgery alone. This approach should be considered for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02614534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Arjona-Sánchez
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Espinosa-Redondo
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Gutiérrez-Calvo
- Unit of Peritoneal Oncologic Surgery, Surgery Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Vanessa Concepción-Martín
- Unit of Peritoneal Oncologic Surgery and Colorectal Surgery, Hospital University Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Barrios-Sanchez
- Unit of Surgery, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moises Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Ramírez Faraco
- Unit of Oncologic Surgery, University General Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Artiles-Armas
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan-Manuel Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angela Casado-Adam
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Cano-Osuna
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cesar Díaz-López
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Briceño-Delgado
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastian Rufián-Peña
- Unit of Oncologic and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University Hospital Reina Sofia, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Sahakyan AM, Aleksanyan A, Batikyan H, Petrosyan H, Yesayan S, Sahakyan MA. Recurrence After Colectomy for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: Experience from a Developing Country. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:339-344. [PMID: 37324317 PMCID: PMC10267088 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for disease recurrence following curative resection for locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) remain unclear as conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine these factors in the setting of developing country's health care system affected by limited accessibility to the multimodal cancer treatment. Patients who had undergone curative colon resection for LACC between 2004 and 2018 were included. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Factors associated with disease recurrence, types of recurrence and recurrence-free survival were studied. A total of 118 patients with LACC were operated within the study period. Median follow-up was 36 (2-147) months. Adjuvant therapy was used in 41 (34.7%) patients and 62 (52.5%) were diagnosed with recurrence. In the multivariable analysis, disease recurrence was associated with tumor and nodal stages, as well as with the lymph node yield. Local recurrence, distant metastases, and peritoneal carcinomatosis were observed in 8 (6.8%), 30 (25.4%), and 24 (20.3%) patients, respectively. Early recurrence was diagnosed in 27 (22.9%) cases with peritoneal carcinomatosis being its most common type. Preoperative serum CA 19-9 levels, tumor, and nodal stages were linked to recurrence-free survival in the univariable analysis. Only tumor stage remained such in the multivariable model. Our findings suggest that lymph node yield, tumor, and nodal stages are associated with recurrence following curative resection for LACC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-022-01672-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur M. Sahakyan
- Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, ArtMed MRC, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Andranik Aleksanyan
- Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
- Clinic of Surgery, Mikaelyan Institute of Surgery, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hovhannes Batikyan
- Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hmayak Petrosyan
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, ArtMed MRC, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Mushegh A. Sahakyan
- Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
- The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Aiken T, Hu C, Uppal A, Francescatti AB, Fournier KF, Chang GJ, Zafar SN. Peritoneal recurrence after resection for Stage I-III colorectal cancer: A population analysis. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:678-687. [PMID: 36519668 PMCID: PMC10107721 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) often recurs in the peritoneum, although the pattern of peritoneal recurrence (PR) has received less attention. We sought to describe the presentation and risk factors for PR following CRC resection. METHODS We performed a cohort study of patients undergoing resection of Stage I-III CRC from 2006 to 2007 using merged data from a Commission on Cancer Special Study and the National Cancer Database. We estimated the timing, method of detection, and risk factors for isolated PR. RESULTS Here, 8991 patients were included and isolate PR occurred in 77 (0.9%) patients. The median time to PR was 16.2 months (intrquartile range = 9.3-28.0 months) and most patients were identified via new symptoms (36.4%). Pathologic factors associated with increased odds of PR included higher T stage (T3 vs. T2, odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-15.7), N stage (N1 vs. N0, OR = 2.00, CI = 1.1-3.7), and signet ring (OR = 8.2, CI = 3.0-22.3) or mucinous histology (OR = 2.6, CI = 1.5-4.7). CONCLUSIONS The majority of PR was detected within 18 months and few were identified by surveillance. Advanced T/N stage and signet ring/mucinous histology were associated with increased odds of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Aiken
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin Hospitals and ClinicsMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chung‐Yuan Hu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Abhineet Uppal
- Department of Colon and Rectal SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Keith F. Fournier
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - George J. Chang
- Department of Colon and Rectal SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Syed Nabeel Zafar
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin Hospitals and ClinicsMadisonWisconsinUSA
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