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Odeh I, Arar S, Al-Hunaiti A, Sa'aydeh H, Hammad G, Duplissy J, Vuollekoski H, Korpela A, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Hussein T. Chemical investigation and quality of urban dew collections with dust precipitates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12312-12318. [PMID: 28357794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The quality and chemical composition of urban dew collections with dust precipitates without pre-cleaning of the collecting surface WSF (white standard foil) were investigated for 16 out of 20 collected samples with collected volumes ranging from 22 to 230 ml. The collection period was from March to July 2015 at an urban area, Jubaiha, which is located in the northern part of the capital city Amman, Jordan. The obtained results indicated the predominance of Ca2+ and SO42- ions (ratio 2.2:1) that originated from Saharan soil dust; where the collected samples were alkaline (mean pH = 7.35) with high mineralization (429.22 mg/L) exceeding the previously reported dew values in Amman-Jordan. A relocation of NaCl and to a less extent Mg2+ from sea to land by Saharan wind is indicated by the percent sea-salt fraction calculations (over 100 and 52, respectively). The collected samples exhibited high total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging from 11.86 to 74.60 mg/L, presence of particulate settled material with turbidity ranging from 20.10 to 520.00 NTU, and presence of undesired elements like boron (mean = 1.48 mg/L) that made it different in properties from other dew water collections at clean surfaces, and exceeding the standard limits for drinking water for these parameters set by Jordanian Drinking Water standards (JS286/2015)/WHO standard. The quality of this water is more close to that for raw or agricultural water but if it is meant to be used as potable source of water, at least sand and activated charcoal filters are needed to purify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Odeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Sharif Arar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan.
| | - Hiyam Sa'aydeh
- Water Authority of Jordan, Laboratories and Quality Affairs, Amman, 11183, Jordan
| | - Ghada Hammad
- Water Authority of Jordan, Laboratories and Quality Affairs, Amman, 11183, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Vuollekoski
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Korpela
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tareq Hussein
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Hunt OR, Ward AD, King MD. Heterogeneous oxidation of nitrite anion by gas-phase ozone in an aqueous droplet levitated by laser tweezers (optical trap): is there any evidence for enhanced surface reaction? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2734-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical trapping of micron-sized droplet morphology and heterogeneous kinetics with gas-phase ozone with nitrite in a wall-less apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Hunt
- Department of Earth Sciences
- Royal Holloway University of London
- Egham
- UK
- Central Laser Facility
| | - Andrew D. Ward
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Innovation Campus
- Didcot
| | - Martin D. King
- Department of Earth Sciences
- Royal Holloway University of London
- Egham
- UK
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Sakugawa H, Matsuda T, Nakatani N. Automobile exhaust gas as a source of aqueous phase OH radical in the atmosphere and its effects on physiological status of pine trees. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:812-819. [PMID: 21767866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Free radical generation potential of automobile exhaust gas was examined by measuring hydroxyl (OH) radical photo-formation rates in exhaust gas-scrubbing water. Effects of automobile exhausts on physiological status of Japanese red pine trees (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) were also investigated to elucidate the mechanism how the free radicals derived from exhaust gas damage higher plants. Gasoline and diesel exhaust gases were scrubbed into pure water. Potential photo-formation rates of OH radical in aqueous phase (normalized to sun light intensity of clear sky midday on May 1 at 34°N) for gasoline and diesel cars were ave. 51 and 107 μ Mh⁻¹ m⁻³ of exhaust gas, respectively. Nitrite was a dominant source (ca. 70-90%) of photochemical formation of OH radical in both gasoline and diesel car exhausts. The scrubbed solution of diesel car exhaust gas was sprayed for six times per week to needles of pine tree seedlings in open top chambers. Control, exhaust+mannitol (added as OH radical scavenger), and nitrite+nitrate standard solution (equivalent levels existed in the exhaust gas) were also sprayed. Two months sprays indicated that the sprayed solutions of diesel exhaust and nitrite+nitrate caused a decrease of maximum photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance in pine needles while the control and exhaust+mannitol solution showed no effects on photosynthetic activities of pine needles. These results indicated that OH radicals generated mainly from photolysis of nitrite occurring in the scrubbing solution of exhaust gas are responsible for the decrease of photosynthetic activities of pine needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakugawa
- Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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