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Oksanen V, Rautiainen S, Wirtanen T. Nickel-Electrocatalyzed Synthesis of Bifuran-Based Monomers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302572. [PMID: 37735957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bifuran motifs can be accessed with nickel-bipyridine electrocatalyzed homocouplings of bromine-substituted methyl furancarboxylates, which, in turn, can be prepared from hemicellulose-derived furfural. The described protocol uses sustainable carbon-based graphite electrodes in the simplest setup - an undivided cell with constant current electrolysis. The reported method avoids using a sacrificial anode by employing triethanolamine as an electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Oksanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sari Rautiainen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
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2
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Beppu S, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Recyclable Polycarbosilane from a Biomass-Derived Bifuran-Based Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:536-542. [PMID: 37031467 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most fundamental principles for the development of next-generation polymers are production from renewable biomass and well-designed recyclability. Bifuran derivatives represent promising building blocks for functional polymers on account of their high rigidity, strong interchain interactions, and extended π-conjugation. In this study, a polycarbosilane containing a bifuran-based repeat unit was prepared via the hydrosilylation of dihydrosilylbifuran and 1,5-hexadiene. The crystallinity and thermal properties of the bifuran-containing polycarbosilane were superior to those of a corresponding polycarbosilane containing a single-furan-based repeat unit and comparable to those of the benzene-based analogue due to the rigidity and interchain interactions of the poly(bifurancarbosilane) unit. The bifuran moiety in the repeat unit causes a red-shift and strong UV absorption of the polycarbosilane compared to that containing the single-furan-based and benzene-based repeat units. The bifuran moiety also renders the resulting polycarbosilane strongly fluorescent, while the polycarbosilanes containing the benzene-based and single-furan-ring-based repeat units did not emit fluorescence. These desirable photoproperties result from the extension of the σ-π conjugation in the repeat unit. Furthermore, the chemical recyclability is a unique and attractive property of the bifuran-based polycarbosilane; upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, bifuran can be regenerated as the monomer, while trifluoroacetate silane can be up-cycled to the corresponding polysiloxane. Thus, the bifuran motif endows polycarbosilane with improved thermal, optical, and recycling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Beppu
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuya Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasuya
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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3
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Kainulainen T, Parviainen TAO, Sirviö JA, McGeachie LJR, Heiskanen JP. High Oxygen Barrier Polyester from 3,3'-Bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic Acid. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:147-151. [PMID: 36638046 PMCID: PMC9948531 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An exceptional oxygen barrier polyester prepared from a new biomass-derived monomer, 3,3'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid, is reported. When exposed to air, the furan-based polyester cross-links and gains O2 permeability 2 orders of magnitude lower than initially, resulting in performance comparable to the best polymers in this class, such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers. The cross-links hinder the crystallization of amorphous samples, also rendering them insoluble. The process was observable via UV-vis measurements, which showed a gradual increase of absorbance between wavelengths of 320 and 520 nm in free-standing films. The structural trigger bringing about these changes appears subtle: the polyester containing 5,5'-disubstituted 3,3'-bifuran moieties cross-linked, whereas the polyester with 5,5'-disubstituted 2,2'-bifuran moieties was inert. The 3,3'-bifuran-based polyester is effectively a semicrystalline thermoplastic, which is slowly converted into a cross-linked material with intriguing material properties once sufficiently exposed to ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo
P. Kainulainen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi A. O. Parviainen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Liam J. R. McGeachie
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P. Heiskanen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland,
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4
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Yan K, Wang J, Wang Z, Yuan L. Bio-based monomers for amide-containing sustainable polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:382-400. [PMID: 36524867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The field of sustainable polymers from renewable feedstocks is a fast-reviving field after the decades-long domination of petroleum-based polymers. Amide-containing polymers exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the type of amide (primary, secondary, and tertiary), amide density, and other molecular structural parameters (co-existing groups, molecular weight, and topology). Engineering amide groups into sustainable polymers via the "monomer approach" is an industrially proven strategy, while bio-based monomers are of enormous importance to bridge the gap between renewable sources and amide-containing sustainable polymers (AmSPs). This feature article aims at conceptualizing the monomer-design philosophy behind most of the reported AmSPs and is organized by discussing di-functional monomers for step-growth polymerization, cyclic monomers for ring-opening polymerization and amide-containing monomers for chain-growth polymerization. We also give a perspective on AmSPs with respect to monomer design and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Yan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
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5
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Weathering of Furan and 2,2’-Bifuran Polyester and Copolyester Films. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Ahmed AM, Kainulainen TP, Sirviö JA, Heiskanen JP. Renewable Furfural-Based Polyesters Bearing Sulfur-Bridged Difuran Moieties with High Oxygen Barrier Properties. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1803-1811. [PMID: 35319861 PMCID: PMC9006217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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With the goal of
achieving high barrier with bio-based materials,
for example, for packaging applications, a series of novel furfural-based
polyesters bearing sulfide-bridged difuran dicarboxylic acid units
with high oxygen barrier properties were synthesized and characterized.
For the novel poly(alkylene sulfanediyldifuranoate)s, a 11.2–1.9×
higher barrier improvement factor compared to amorphous poly(ethylene
terephthalate) was observed which places the novel polyesters in the
top class among previously reported 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)
and 2,2′-bifuran-based polyesters. Titanium-catalyzed polycondensation
reactions between the novel synthesized monomer, dimethyl 5,5′-sulfanediyldi(furan-2-carboxylate),
and four different diols, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol,
and 1,5-pentanediol, afforded difuran polyesters with high intrinsic
viscosities (0.76–0.90 dL/g). These polyesters had good thermal
stability, decomposing at 342–363 and 328–570 °C
under nitrogen and air, respectively, which allowed processing them
into free-standing films via melt-pressing. In tensile testing of
the film specimens, tensile moduli in the range of 0.4–2.6
GPa were recorded, with higher values observed for the polyesters
with shorter diol units. Interestingly, besides the low oxygen permeability,
the renewable sulfide-bridged furan monomer also endowed the polyesters
with slight UV shielding effect, with cutoff wavelengths of ca. 350
nm, in contrast to FDCA-based polyesters, which lack significant UV
light absorption at over 300 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Ahmed
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo P Kainulainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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7
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Zhu J, Yin G. Catalytic Transformation of the Furfural Platform into Bifunctionalized Monomers for Polymer Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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8
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Ahmed AM, Kainulainen TP, Heiskanen JP. Furfural-Based Modification of PET for UV-Blocking Copolymers with Decreased Oxygen Permeability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Ahmed
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo P. Kainulainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P. Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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9
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Synthesis of polyarylates and aliphatic polyesters by divalent acyl-1,2,4-triazole: a route to metal-free synthesis at low temperature. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel method for the synthesis of ester and amide derivatives containing furan rings (furfural derivatives) under mild synthetic conditions supported by microwave radiation. N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2-carboxamide and furan-2-ylmethyl furan-2-carboxylate were produced using 2-furoic acid, furfurylamine, and furfuryl alcohol. The reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor in the presence of effective coupling reagents: DMT/NMM/TsO− or EDC. The reaction time, the solvent, and the amounts of the substrates were optimized. After crystallization or flash chromatography, the final compounds were isolated with good or very good yields. Our method allows for the synthesis of N-blocked amides using N-blocked amino acids (Boc, Cbz, Fmoc) and amine. As well as compounds with a monoamide and ester moiety, products with diamides and diester bonds (N,N-bis(furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2,5-dicarboxamide, bis(furan-2-ylmethyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, and furan-3,4-diylbis(methylene) bis(furan-2-carboxylate)) were synthesized with moderate yields in the presence of DMT/NMM/TsO– or EDC, using 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as substrates.
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11
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Hayashi S, Tachibana Y, Tabata N, Kasuya KI. Chemically recyclable bio-based polyester composed of bifuran and glycerol acetal. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Lei Y, Zhang S, Shen G, Zhu J, Xue JW, Chen Z, Yin G. Feasible Synthesis of a Bifuran-Based Monomer for Polymer Synthesis from a Hemicellulose-Derived Platform. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guanfei Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jinlian Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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13
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Kainulainen TP, Hukka TI, Özeren HD, Sirviö JA, Hedenqvist MS, Heiskanen JP. Utilizing Furfural-Based Bifuran Diester as Monomer and Comonomer for High-Performance Bioplastics: Properties of Poly(butylene furanoate), Poly(butylene bifuranoate), and Their Copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:743-752. [PMID: 31790208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two homopolyesters and a series of novel random copolyesters were synthesized from two bio-based diacid esters, dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate, a well-known renewable monomer, and dimethyl 2,2'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylate, a more uncommon diacid based on biochemical furfural. Compared to homopolyesters poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF) and poly(butylene bifuranoate) (PBBf), their random copolyesters differed dramatically in that their melting temperatures were either lowered significantly or they showed no crystallinity at all. However, the thermal stabilities of the homopolyesters and the copolyesters were comparable. Based on tensile tests from amorphous film specimens, it was concluded that the elastic moduli, tensile strengths, and elongation at break values for all copolyesters were similar as well, irrespective of the furan:bifuran molar ratio. Tensile moduli of approximately 2 GPa and tensile strengths up to 66 MPa were observed for amorphous film specimens prepared from the copolyesters. However, copolymerizing bifuran units into PBF allowed the glass transition temperature to be increased by increasing the amount of bifuran units. Besides enhancing the glass transition temperatures, the bifuran units also conferred the copolyesters with significant UV absorbance. This combined with the highly amorphous nature of the copolyesters allowed them to be melt-pressed into highly transparent films with very low ultraviolet light transmission. It was also found that furan-bifuran copolyesters could be as effective, or better, oxygen barrier materials as neat PBF or PBBf, which themselves were found superior to common barrier polyesters such as PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terttu I Hukka
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere , Finland
| | - Hüsamettin D Özeren
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Mikael S Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 , Stockholm , Sweden
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15
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Tachibana Y, Hayashi S, Kasuya KI. Biobased Poly(Schiff-Base) Composed of Bifurfural. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5336-5345. [PMID: 31458743 PMCID: PMC6641737 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bifurfural, an inedible biobased chemical and a second-generation biomass, was polymerized with several diamines using an environmentally benign process, and the chemical structures of the resulting poly(Schiff base)s were analyzed. Because furan rings, which are only produced from biomass and not from fossil resources, endow polymers with unique properties that include high rigidity and expanded π-conjugation, bifurfural, which contains two furan rings, is of significant interest as a biobased building block. 1H NMR, IR, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectra of the poly(Schiff base)s reveal that they are composed of mixtures of linear and cyclic structures. The UV-vis spectroscopy and molecular orbital theory confirm the extended π-conjugation in the bifurfural/p-phenylenediamine poly(Schiff base) system. Poly(Schiff base)s composed of bifurfural and 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butandiamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, and 1,6-hexanediamine were molded at 120 °C into films that exhibited good strengths and were tough to bend. These results indicate that bifurfural-based poly(Schiff base)s are promising biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tachibana
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma
University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Senri Hayashi
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kasuya
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma
University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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16
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Mori A, Okano K, Murase Y, Miyagawa N, Ashida K. Synthesis of Phenol and Naphthol Derivatives from Furfural. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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