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Mechanism and Protection of Radiotherapy Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss for Head and Neck Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3548706. [PMID: 34970625 PMCID: PMC8714384 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3548706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy-induced sensorineural hearing loss (RISNHL) is a common adverse effect in patients with head and neck cancer. Given that there are few studies on the pathogenesis of RISNHL at present, we summarized the possible pathogenesis of RISNHL and possible protective measures found at present by referring to relevant literatures. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database, using keywords “sensorineural hearing loss,” “radiotherapy,” and “cancer,” among others. The literature was examined for the possible mechanism and preventive measures of sensorineural hearing loss induced by radiotherapy. Results We found that the incidence of RISNHL was closely related to the damage directly caused by ionizing radiation and the radiation-induced bystander effect. It also depends on the dose of radiation and the timing of chemotherapy. Studies confirmed that RISNHL is mainly involved in post-RT inflammatory response and changes in reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and p53 signaling pathways, leading to specific manners of cell death. We expect to reduce the incidence of hearing loss through advanced radiotherapy techniques, dose limitation of organs at risk, application of cell signaling inhibitors, use of antioxidants, induction of cochlear hair cell regeneration, and cochlear implantation. Conclusion RISNHL is associated with radiation damage to DNA, oxidative stress, and inflammation of cochlear cells, stria vascularis endothelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and other supporting cells. At present, the occurrence mechanism of RISNHL has not been clearly illustrated, and further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanism, which is crucial to promote the formulation of better strategies and prevent the occurrence of RISNHL.
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Severyukhin YS, Lalkovičová M, Kolesnikova IA, Utina DM, Lyakhova KN, Gaevsky VN. The effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions of adult rats and morphological changes in the brain after whole body fractionated gamma irradiation: an exploratory study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:73-86. [PMID: 33394131 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research was aimed at examining the effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions and morphological changes in the brain of adult rats after fractionated gamma irradiation with a total dose of 5 Gy. Fractionated gamma irradiation led to a decrease in freezing behavior in the Open Field and leukopenia. These behavioral and hematological disorders were accompanied by a cell decrease in the cross-sectional area of granular layer of the dentate gyrus, an increase in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells, and an increase in the number of irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex. The administration of piracetam immediately after irradiation for 14 days maintained the freezing behavior at the level of intact animals and decreased in general motor activity. Also, an increase in morphometric parameters and a decrease of neurodegeneration were observed. We found a statistically significant decrease in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells in comparison with the group of irradiated animals. The drug had no leukoprotective effect on laboratory animals, and led to the emergence of inconclusive trends in the alternation of the arms of the T-labyrinth. Piracetam application showed positive behavioral and morphological changes in rodents and might have a neuroprotective effect in brain tissue after gamma irradiation. Since it is the first experiment with piracetam we attempted, this exploratory study serves to provide more insight into the potential neuroprotection activity of piracetam, and following research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Severyukhin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Lalkovičová
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - I A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - D M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - K N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - V N Gaevsky
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
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Singh VK, Seed TM. A review of radiation countermeasures focusing on injury-specific medicinals and regulatory approval status: part I. Radiation sub-syndromes, animal models and FDA-approved countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2017. [PMID: 28650707 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1332438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing global risk of nuclear and radiological accidents or attacks has driven renewed research interest in developing medical countermeasures to potentially injurious exposures to acute irradiation. Clinical symptoms and signs of a developing acute radiation injury, i.e. the acute radiation syndrome, are grouped into three sub-syndromes named after the dominant organ system affected, namely the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular systems. The availability of safe and effective countermeasures against the above threats currently represents a significant unmet medical need. This is the first article within a three-part series covering the nature of the radiation sub-syndromes, various animal models for radiation countermeasure development, and the agents currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for countering the medical consequences of several of these prominent radiation exposure-associated syndromes. CONCLUSIONS From the U.S. and global perspectives, biomedical research concerning medical countermeasure development is quite robust, largely due to increased government funding following the 9/11 incidence and subsequent rise of terrorist-associated threats. A wide spectrum of radiation countermeasures for specific types of radiation injuries is currently under investigation. However, only a few radiation countermeasures have been fully approved by regulatory agencies for human use during radiological/nuclear contingencies. Additional research effort, with additional funding, clearly will be needed in order to fill this significant, unmet medical health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Giese APJ, Guarnaschelli JG, Ward JA, Choo DI, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. Radioprotective Effect of Aminothiol PrC-210 on Irradiated Inner Ear of Guinea Pig. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143606. [PMID: 26599238 PMCID: PMC4657906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy of individuals suffering with head & neck or brain tumors subserve the risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of Aminothiol PrC-210 (3-(methyl-amino)-2-((methylamino)methyl)propane-1-thiol) on the irradiated inner ear of guinea pigs. An intra-peritoneal or intra-tympanic dose of PrC-210 was administered prior to receiving a dose of gamma radiation (3000 cGy) to each ear. Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) were recorded one week and two weeks after the radiation and compared with the sham animal group. ABR thresholds of guinea pigs that received an intra-peritoneal dose of PrC-210 were significantly better compared to the non-treated, control animals at one week post-radiation. Morphologic analysis of the inner ear revealed significant inflammation and degeneration of the spiral ganglion in the irradiated animals not treated with PrC-210. In contrast, when treated with PrC-210 the radiation effect and injury to the spiral ganglion was significantly alleviated. PrC-210 had no apparent cytotoxic effect in vivo and did not affect the morphology or count of cochlear hair cells. These findings suggest that aminothiol PrC-210 attenuated radiation-induced cochlea damage for at least one week and protected hearing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- Cochlea/drug effects
- Cochlea/radiation effects
- Diamines/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Ear, Inner/drug effects
- Ear, Inner/radiation effects
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/radiation effects
- Hearing
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Radiotherapy/adverse effects
- Spiral Ganglion/drug effects
- Spiral Ganglion/radiation effects
- Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry
- Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud P. J. Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jess G. Guarnaschelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TriHealth Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGG); (ZMA)
| | - Jonette A. Ward
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel I. Choo
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGG); (ZMA)
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Mechanisms of radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss and radioprotection. Hear Res 2014; 312:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mujica-Mota MA, Salehi P, Devic S, Daniel SJ. Safety and otoprotection of metformin in radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss in the guinea pig. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 150:859-65. [PMID: 24500877 DOI: 10.1177/0194599814521013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is currently no treatment available to prevent radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss. Metformin has antineoplastic effects and is able to regulate the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species after cellular stress, which is one of the mechanisms involved in apoptosis after radiation damage. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and radioprotective properties of metformin against radiation-induced cochlear damage both in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN In vitro and prospective animal study. SETTING Animal Care Facilities of the Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute. METHODS Cultured auditory hair cells (HEI-OC1) were exposed to different concentrations of metformin to determine its safety. Cells were incubated with different metformin concentrations and subjected to radiation. Cell viability after experiments was determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Sixteen guinea pigs were divided in 2 groups: drinking tap water (n = 8) and drinking water containing metformin (n = 8). The animals were unilaterally irradiated for 20 days (total dose 70 Gy), and the ears were divided in 4 groups: control (n = 8), irradiated (n = 8), metformin (n = 8), and experimental (n = 8). Auditory brainstem responses were assessed before and 1, 6, and 16 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS Metformin was not cytotoxic or radioprotective in cultured auditory hair cells. Experimental ears had less hearing loss than radiated ones; however, differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION Metformin is not ototoxic or radioprotective in vitro or in vivo. Ears solely subjected to metformin had better hearing thresholds than the rest of the groups.
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Effect of intratympanic dexamethasone, memantine and piracetam on cellular apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2012; 126:1091-6. [PMID: 22947376 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215112001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to contribute to the literature on the prevention and treatment of ototoxicity due to various drugs and chemicals. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study compared the histological effects of intratympanic dexamethasone, memantine and piracetam on cellular apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity, in 36 rats. RESULTS Dexamethasone and memantine had significant effects on the stria vascularis, organ of Corti and spiral ganglion (p < 0.05). Although piracetam decreased the apoptosis rate, this effect was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Dexamethasone and memantine were found superior to piracetam in reducing apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity. Further studies of this subject are needed, incorporating electron microscopy and auditory brainstem response testing.
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Lessa RM, Aparecido de Oliveira JA, Rossato M, Netto TG. Analysis of the cytoprotective effect of amifostine on the irradiated inner ear of guinea pigs: an experimental study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 75:694-700. [PMID: 19893938 PMCID: PMC9442262 DOI: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation can cause damage to the inner ear, from a simple hearing loss all the way to profound deafness. Amifostine is a cytoprotective substance extensively used during radio-chemotherapy for malignant tumors. Aim the objective of the present investigation was to establish the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of amifostine on the organ of Corti of albino guinea pigs irradiated in the head and neck region. Materials and Methods An experimental study conducted on four groups of guinea pigs were used; One group received only amifostine, one group was submitted to a single dose of 350 cGy and the other two were similarly irradiated but received amifostine doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg. All animals were slaughtered 30 days after the experiment, their bullae were removed and the damaged outer hair cells were counted. Result The extent of injury was lower in the outer hair cells of the two groups treated with amifostine compared to the group that was only irradiated. There was no difference between the group treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of amifostine. The group that received only amifostine had no cochlear damage. Conclusion Amifostine is an effective cytoprotective substance in the Organ of Corti of irradiated guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miranda Lessa
- PhD, Assistant Physician - University Hospital - University of São Paulo (USP) Medical School at Ribeirão Preto
- Send correspondence to: Hospital das Clínicas da USP Ribeirão Preto 12° andar Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900 Campus Universitário Monte Alegre 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo
| | - José Antônio Aparecido de Oliveira
- Associate Professor. Retired Full Professor - Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - University of São Paulo (USP) Medical School at Ribeirão Preto
| | - Maria Rossato
- Lab Technician - Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - University of São Paulo (USP) Medical School at Ribeirão Preto
| | - Thomaz Ghilardi Netto
- Associate Professor, Coordinator of the Technical and Administrative Activities of the Radiotherapy Service - University of São Paulo Hospital - Ribeirão Preto. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - University of São Paulo (USP) Medical School at Ribeirão Preto
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