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Fay LY, Chien JY, Weng CF, Kuo HS, Liou DY, Weng WH, Lin CH, Chen YT, Huang WH, Huang WC, Tsai MJ, Cheng H. Evaluating the toxic mechanism of 1,2-diacetylbenzene in neural cells/tissues: The favorable impact of silibinin. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:313-321. [PMID: 37981056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
1,2-diacetylbenzene (1,2-DAB) is a neurotoxic component of aromatic solvents commonly used in industrial applications that induces neuropathological changes in animals. This study unraveled the toxic impact of 1,2-DAB in nerve tissues, explant cultures, and neuron-glial cultures, and explored whether herbal products can mitigate its toxicity. The effects of DAB on axonal transport were studied in retinal explant cultures grown in a micro-patterned dish. The mitochondrial movement in the axons was captured using time-lapse video recordings. The results showed that 1,2-DAB, but not 1,3-DAB inhibited axonal outgrowth and mitochondrial movement in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of 1,2-DAB was further studied in spinal cord tissues and cultures. 1,2-DAB selectively induced modifications of microtubules and neurofilaments in spinal cord tissues. 1,2-DAB also potently induced cell damage in both neuronal and glial cultures. Further, 1,2-DAB-induced cellular ATP depletion precedes cell damage in glial cells. Interestingly, treatment with the herbal products silibinin or silymarin effectively mitigated 1,2-DAB-induced toxicity in spinal cord tissues and neuronal/glial cultures. Collectively, the molecular toxicity of 1,2-DAB in neural tissues involves protein modification, ATP depletion, and axonal transport defects, leading to cell death. Silibinin and silymarin show promising neuroprotective effects against 2-DAB-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Fay
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Yi Chien
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Huai-Sheng Kuo
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Dann-Ying Liou
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hao Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221,Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Tzu Chen
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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The Protective Role of Glutathione on Zinc-Induced Neuron Death after Brain Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032950. [PMID: 36769273 PMCID: PMC9917832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is necessary for maintaining physiological antioxidant function, which is responsible for maintaining free radicals derived from reactive oxygen species at low levels and is associated with improved cognitive performance after brain injury. GSH is produced by the linkage of tripeptides that consist of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. The adequate supplementation of GSH has neuroprotective effects in several brain injuries such as cerebral ischemia, hypoglycemia, and traumatic brain injury. Brain injuries produce an excess of reactive oxygen species through complex biochemical cascades, which exacerbates primary neuronal damage. GSH concentrations are known to be closely correlated with the activities of certain genes such as excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), glutamate transporter-associated protein 3-18 (Gtrap3-18), and zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3). Following brain-injury-induced oxidative stress, EAAC1 function is negatively impacted, which then reduces cysteine absorption and impairs neuronal GSH synthesis. In these circumstances, vesicular zinc is also released into the synaptic cleft and then translocated into postsynaptic neurons. The excessive influx of zinc inhibits glutathione reductase, which inhibits GSH's antioxidant functions in neurons, resulting in neuronal damage and ultimately in the impairment of cognitive function. Therefore, in this review, we explore the overall relationship between zinc and GSH in terms of oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, we seek to understand how the modulation of zinc can rescue brain-insult-induced neuronal death after ischemia, hypoglycemia, and traumatic brain injury.
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From the North Sea to Drug Repurposing, the Antiseizure Activity of Halimide and Plinabulin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020247. [PMID: 35215359 PMCID: PMC8878679 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PharmaSea performed large-scale in vivo screening of marine natural product (MNP) extracts, using zebrafish embryos and larvae, to identify compounds with the potential to treat epilepsy. In this study, we report the discovery of two new antiseizure compounds, the 2,5-diketopiperazine halimide and its semi-synthetic analogue, plinabulin. Interestingly, these are both known microtubule destabilizing agents, and plinabulin could have the potential for drug repurposing, as it is already in clinical trials for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Both halimide and plinabulin were found to have antiseizure activity in the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model via automated locomotor analysis and non-invasive local field potential recordings. The efficacy of plinabulin was further characterized in animal models of drug-resistant seizures, i.e., the larval zebrafish ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) seizure model and the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Plinabulin was observed to be highly effective against EKP-induced seizures, on the behavioral and electrophysiological level, and showed activity in the mouse model. These data suggest that plinabulin could be of interest for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures. Finally, the investigation of two functional analogues, colchicine and indibulin, which were observed to be inactive against EKP-induced seizures, suggests that microtubule depolymerization does not underpin plinabulin’s antiseizure action.
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Li Y, Li L, Yang W, Yu Z. <sup>1</sup>Effects of zinc deficiency in male mice on glucose metabolism of male offspring. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:369-374. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - LingLing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - Zengli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
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Zhang Y, Lei T, Tang C, Chen Y, Liao Y, Ju W, Zhang H, Zhou B, Liang R, Zhang T, Fan C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Ye J, Heng BC, Chen X, Hong Y, Shen W, Yin Z. 3D printing of chemical-empowered tendon stem/progenitor cells for functional tissue repair. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120722. [PMID: 33676234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are the leading cause of chronic debilitation to patients. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are potential seed cells for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration, but TSPCs are prone to lose their distinct phenotype in vitro and specific differentiation into the tenocyte lineage is challenging. Utilizing small molecules in an ex vivo culture system may be a promising solution and can significantly improve the therapeutic applications of these cells. Here, by using an image-based, high-throughput screening platform on small molecule libraries, this study established an effective stepwise culture strategy for TSPCs application. The study formulated a cocktail of small molecules which effected proliferation, tenogenesis initiation and maturation phases, and significantly upregulated expression of various tendon-related genes and proteins in TSPCs, which were demonstrated by high-throughput PCR, ScxGFP reporter assay and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, by combining small molecule-based culture system with 3D printing technology, we embedded living, chemical-empowered TSPCs within a biocompatible hydrogel to engineer tendon grafts, and verified their enhanced ability in promoting functional tendon repair and regeneration both in vivo and in situ. The stepwise culture system for TSPCs and construction of engineered tendon grafts can not only serve as a platform for further studies of underlying molecular mechanisms of tenogenic differentiation, but also provide a new strategy for tissue engineering and development of novel therapeutics for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinchun Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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Effects of Transient Receptor Potential Cation 5 (TRPC5) Inhibitor, NU6027, on Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218256. [PMID: 33158109 PMCID: PMC7662546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause physical, cognitive, social, and behavioral changes that can lead to permanent disability or death. After primary brain injury, translocated free zinc can accumulate in neurons and lead to secondary events such as oxidative stress, inflammation, edema, swelling, and cognitive impairment. Under pathological conditions, such as ischemia and TBI, excessive zinc release, and accumulation occurs in neurons. Based on previous research, it hypothesized that calcium as well as zinc would be influx into the TRPC5 channel. Therefore, we hypothesized that the suppression of TRPC5 would prevent neuronal cell death by reducing the influx of zinc and calcium. To test our hypothesis, we used a TBI animal model. After the TBI, we immediately injected NU6027 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), TRPC5 inhibitor, and then sacrificed animals 24 h later. We conducted Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining to confirm the presence of degenerating neurons in the hippocampal cornus ammonis 3 (CA3). After the TBI, the degenerating neuronal cell count was decreased in the NU6027-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Our findings suggest that the suppression of TRPC5 can open a new therapeutic window for a reduction of the neuronal death that may occur after TBI.
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Qi Z, Shi W, Zhao Y, Ji X, Liu KJ. Zinc accumulation in mitochondria promotes ischemia-induced BBB disruption through Drp1-dependent mitochondria fission. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114601. [PMID: 31152817 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High concentration of zinc has been reported to act as a critical mediator of neuronal death in the ischemic brain. Our previous studies showed that labile zinc accumulates in cerebromicrovessels and contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability increase after cerebral ischemia. However, the role of mitochondrial zinc in ischemia-induced BBB permeability alteration is still unclear. In this study, we showed that ischemia/reperfusion induced free zinc accumulation in endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cultured ECs and in microvessels isolated from the brain of ischemic rats. Furthermore, we found that zinc was highly accumulated in mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial ROS generation under the ischemic condition. Moreover, zinc overload in mitochondria resulted in the collapse of the network of mitochondria, which was mediated through Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) dependent mitochondrial fission pathway. Finally, the zinc overload in mitochondria activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and led to ischemia-induced BBB permeability increase. This study demonstrated that zinc-ROS pathway in mitochondria contributes to the ischemia-induced BBB disruption via Drp-1 dependent mitochondrial fission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qi
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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