Effect of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria: modification of the function of the adenine nucleotide translocator

The mitochondrial link: Phthalate exposure and cardiovascular disease

Phthalates' pervasive presence in everyday life poses concern as they have been revealed to induce perturbing health defects. Utilized as a plasticizer, phthalates are riddled throughout many common consumer products including personal care products, food packaging, home furnishings, and medical supplies. Phthalates permeate into the environment by leaching out of these products which can subsequently be taken up by the human body. It is previously established that a connection exists between phthalate exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development; however, the specific mitochondrial link in this scenario has not yet been described. Prior studies have indicated that one possible mechanism for how phthalates exert their effects is through mitochondrial dysfunction. By disturbing mitochondrial structure, function, and signaling, phthalates can contribute to the development of the foremost cause of death worldwide, CVD. This review will examine the potential link among phthalates and their effects on the mitochondria, permissive of CVD development.

Protective effect of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate against damage of the mitochondrial membrane induced by calcium: possible participation of the adenine nucleotide translocator

The effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the response of isolated rat liver mitochondria to Ca2+ was investigated. DEHP was found to inhibit more than 60% of the auto-accelerating release of respiration induced by 100 microM Ca2+, being maximally inhibitory at 40 microM. Prior addition of DEHP also partially inhibited Ca2+-induced swelling of the mitochondrial matrix. However, DEHP did not change the net rate of Ca2+ uptake measured by the steady-state infusion method. DEHP also reduced the rate of adenine nucleotide exchange across the mitochondrial membrane. Another alkyl phthalate and alkyl citrates had similar effects on Ca2+-induced membrane damage, but their potencies depended on the lengths of their alkyl chains. These results suggest that the effects of DEHP and other alkyl esters on mitochondrial functions are mainly based on their actions on membrane lipids surrounding adenine nucleotide translocator (AdNT), resulting in alteration of the interaction between these phospholipids and AdNT, and consequent modification of the state of the protein.