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Zhao J, Qiu X, Zhao Y, Wu R, Wei P, Tao C, Wan L. A review of the genus Chrysosplenium as a traditional Tibetan medicine and its preparations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115042. [PMID: 35093455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of genus Chrysosplenium have a long history of application and are distributed in many countries, especially in Tibetan regions of China. The genus has been used locally in the treatment of various hepatobiliary diseases such as "Chiba disease" (related to cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute icteric hepatitis, and acute liver necrosis in modern medicine). AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes and critically analyzes the aspects of the botanical morphology and distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, quality control, and development status of preparations of the genus Chrysosplenium. Moreover, the future research direction and focus of the genus are also discussed. We hope to provide a valuable reference for researchers who are interested in the genus Chrysosplenium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information of the genus Chrysosplenium was gathered through electronic databases from 1968 to 2021, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer, CNKI, and Wan Fang, as well as PhD, MSc thesis, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), Tibetan medicine monographs. In addition, plant names were verified by "The Plant List" (The Plant List Database, http://www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS Based on existing studies of chemical compositions, more than 90 compounds have been identified from Chrysosplenium species, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, volatile oils, steroids, alkaloids, and other compounds. The highly hydroxylated and methoxylated flavonoids and triterpenoids are the main active components. In addition, many studies have shown that the extracts and some components isolated from the genus Chrysosplenium have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-viral, hepatoprotective, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, there are only 9 preparations with Chrysosplenium species as one of the medicinal materials. Among these preparations, C. nudicaule is used more and other Chrysosplenium species are rarely involved. CONCLUSIONS Most medicinal species of Chrysosplenium have not only good therapeutic effects in traditional uses, but also a great potential for development in modern pharmaceutical studies. However, the material basis and mechanism of action of this genus have not been well explained. Therefore, further systematic and comprehensive research on the genus Chrysosplenium is still required to provide a scientific basis for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Panhong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chengtian Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Bang IJ, Kim HR, Jeon Y, Jeong MH, Park YJ, Kwak JH, Chung KH. β-Peltoboykinolic Acid from Astilbe rubra Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transitions in Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142573. [PMID: 31311194 PMCID: PMC6680586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, novel plant-based natural, active compounds have been sought for the treatment of fibrotic EMT. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Astilbe rubra on TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung alveolar epithelial cells (A549). A. rubra was subjected to extraction using 70% ethanol (ARE), and ethanol extracts of the aerial part and that of the rhizome were further partitioned using various solvents. Protein expression and cell motility were investigated to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ARE on EMT. EMT occurred in A549 cells treated with TGF-β1, but was prevented by co-treatment with ARE. The dichloromethane fractions showed the strongest inhibitory effect on TGF-β1-induced EMT. β-Peltoboykinolic acid was isolated from the dichloromethane fractions of A. rubra by activity-oriented isolation. β-Peltoboykinolic acid not only attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT, but also the overproduction of extracellular matrix components including type I collagen and fibronectin. The Smad pathway activated by TGF-β1 was inhibited by co-treatment with β-peltoboykinolic acid. Taken together, these results indicate that β-peltoboykinolic acid from A. rubra and dichloromethane fractions shows potential as an antifibrotic agent in A549 cells treated with TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jae Bang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Yukyoung Jeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Mi Ho Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Luo Y, Yu H, Yang Y, Tian W, Dong K, Shan J, Ma X. A flavonoid compound from Chrysosplenium nudicaule inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of the human stomach cancer cell line SGC-7901. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1133-1139. [PMID: 26428258 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1055634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent, but treatment options are limited. Natural products have proved to be a rich source of anticancer drugs. Chrysosplenium nudicaule Ledeb. (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herb that grows in the highlands of China. It has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat digestive diseases for hundreds of years. Recent studies revealed that this herb had anticancer activity, and the flavonoids were speculated to be the effective components. 6,7,3'-Trimethoxy-3,5,4'-trihydroxy flavone (TTF) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,3'trimethoxy-flavone-7-O-β-d-glucoside (DTFG) are flavonoid compounds isolated from Chrysosplenium nudicaule. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of TTF and DTFG on SGC-7901 human stomach cancer cell in vitro to determine the anticancer and induction of apoptosis properties of TTF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proliferation of cells treated with 32, 16, 8, 4, and 2 μg/mL of TTF or DTFG for 24, 48, and 72 h was assessed by the MTT assay. After being treated with TTF, the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was assessed by acridine orange staining, ultrastructure, electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Results indicated that TTF inhibited the growth of cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8.33 μg/mL after 72 h incubation. However, DTFG showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cell. Further studies on TTF also confirmed that it was able to induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells at a concentration as low as 4 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The apoptotic effect of TTF makes it a promising candidate for future chemotherapeutic application in treating stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Luo
- a Department of Immunology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hongjuan Yu
- a Department of Immunology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yunshang Yang
- b Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology , Lanzhou , China
| | - Weihua Tian
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory , Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou , China
| | - Kaizhong Dong
- d Medical College, Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China , and
| | - Jinyu Shan
- e Department of Infection , Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - Xingming Ma
- a Department of Immunology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
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Triterpenoids of Chrysosplenium carnosum. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:119-24. [PMID: 23352747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical study of the ethanolic extract of Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms. led to the isolation of two new oleanane-type triterpenoids, 6β-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (1) and 3β, 21α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (2), along with fourteen known compounds (3-16), all of which were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tumor activities on B16F10, SP2/0 and Hep-G2 cells lines. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against B16F10 and SP2/0 cells' growth, compared with moderate cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 cells. However, compound 2 showed to be inactive against these tumor cells.
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Efdi M, Ninomiya M, Suryani E, Tanaka K, Ibrahim S, Watanabe K, Koketsu M. Sentulic acid: A cytotoxic ring A-seco triterpenoid from Sandoricum koetjape Merr. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4242-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zheng CJ, Sohn MJ, Kim KY, Yu HE, Kim WG. Olean-27-carboxylic acid-type triterpenes with potent antibacterial activity from Aceriphyllum rossii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11752-11756. [PMID: 19053363 DOI: 10.1021/jf802832w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aceriphyllum rossii Engler (Saxifragaceae) have been used as a nutritious food in Korea. We found that the methanol extract of the root portion of A. rossii potently inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 8 microg/mL. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, four active constituents were isolated and identified: aceriphyllic acid A, 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid, 3alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, and 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid. Aceriphyllic acid A and 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid showed a potent antibacterial activity against several strains of S. aureus , including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and quinolone-resistant S. aureus , with MIC values of 2-8 microg/mL, while 3alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid and 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid exhibited a very weak activity, with MIC values of 128 microg/mL. The methyl ester derivative of aceriphyllic acid A lost its antibacterial activity. The time-kill study against S. aureus indicated that aceriphyllic acid A had rapid bactericidal activity. These results indicated that aceriphyllic acid A and 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid are the most active principles, and both the carboxylic group at C-27 and the hydroxyl group at C-24 in aceriphyllic acid A are critical for the rapid bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ji Zheng
- Functional Metabolites Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Post Office Box 115, Yusong, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Arisawa M, Hatashita T, Numata Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki T. Cytotoxic Principles from Chrysosplenium flagelliferum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1076/phbi.35.2.141.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani,Toyama 930-01, Japan
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Hatashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani,Toyama 930-01, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani,Toyama 930-01, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani,Toyama 930-01, Japan
| | - Takuma Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani,Toyama 930-01, Japan
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Lee I, Yoo JK, Na M, Min BS, Lee J, Yun BS, Jin W, Kim H, Youn U, Chen QC, Song KS, Seong YH, Bae K. Cytotoxicity of Triterpenes Isolated from Aceriphyllum rossii. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1376-8. [PMID: 17827765 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of the whole plant of Aceriphyllum rossii (Saxifragaceae) led to the isolation of two new triterpenes, 3alpha,23-isopropylidenedioxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (1) and 23-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (2), together with six known triterpenes, 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (3), 3alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (4), beta-peltoboykinolic acid (5), aceriphyllic acid A (6), oleanolic acid (7), and gypsogenic acid (8). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. These compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against the K562 and HL-60 cell lines. Olean-12-en-27-oic acid derivatives (1-6) exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against K562 and HL-60 cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 12.2 to 28.7 microM and from 12.1 to 25.8 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Na M, Cui L, Min BS, Bae K, Yoo JK, Kim BY, Oh WK, Ahn JS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of triterpenes isolated from Astilbe koreana. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3273-6. [PMID: 16580200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Astilbe koreana (Saxifragaceae), using an in vitro protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory assay, resulted in the isolation of a new triterpene, 3alpha,24-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (4), along with four triterpenes, 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (1), 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (beta-peltoboykinolic acid; 2), 3beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (3), and 3beta,6beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (astilbic acid; 5). Compounds 1-5 inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values of 6.8+/-0.5, 5.2+/-0.5, 4.9+/-0.4, 11.7+/-0.9, and 12.8+/-1.1 microM, respectively. Our results indicate that 3-hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in this type of triterpenes may be required for the activity, while addition of one more hydroxyl group at C-6 or C-24 may be responsible for a loss of activity. Thus, compounds 2 and 3 which possess only one hydroxyl group at C-3 and a carboxyl group at C-27 could be potential PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinKyun Na
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Rottlerin-like phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from the pericarps of Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) are reviewed. Chemical structures, cytotoxicity, antitumor and antitumor-promoting effects, antiviral activity, anti-HIV-RT activity, and inhibitory activity of activated macrophages (inhibitory activities of NO, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 production) of the phloroglucinol derivatives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical & Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Arisawa M, Shimizu M, Satomi Y, Nishino A, Nishino H, Iwashima A. Inhibition of tumour-promoter-enhanced32Pi-incorporation into cellular phospholipids by flavonols from genusChrysosplenium. Phytother Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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