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Porras AMG, Terra BS, Braga TC, Magalhães TFF, Martins CVB, da Silva DL, Baltazar LM, Gouveia LF, de Freitas GJC, Santos DA, Resende-Stoianoff MA, Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E, de Freitas RP, de Fátima Â. Butenafine and analogues: An expeditious synthesis and cytotoxicity and antifungal activities. J Adv Res 2018; 14:81-91. [PMID: 30009053 PMCID: PMC6041462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections is considered a serious public health problem worldwide. The limited number of antimycotic drugs available to treat human and animal mycosis, the undesirable side effects and toxicities of the currently available drugs, and the emergence of fungal resistance emphasizes the urgent need for more effective antimycotic medicines. In this paper, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient synthetic route for preparation of the antifungal agent butenafine on a multigram scale. This novel synthetic route also facilitated the preparation of 17 butenafine analogues using Schiff bases as precursors in three steps or less. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complexes and the filamentous fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. Amine 4bd, a demethylated analogue of butenafine, and its corresponding hydrochloride salt showed low toxicity in vitro and in vivo while maintaining inhibitory activity against filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Silva Terra
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Taniris Cafiero Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Furtado Ferreira Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Letícia da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ludmila Matos Baltazar
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
The stereoselective formation of C-C bonds is of great importance for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure natural products and pharmaceuticals. A broad repertoire of chiral auxiliaries, reagents, and catalysts can be utilized for the reliable generation of tertiary stereocenters. In contrast, the synthesis of organic compounds with quaternary stereocenters is a much more demanding and challenging task. Every enantioselective synthetic method can demonstrate its value through the generation of a fully substituted carbon center. In this Minireview examples of newer stoichiometric and catalytic methods are summarized which have proved their suitability for the enantioselective construction of quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
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Imai M, Tanaka M, Suemune H. Insight into the Rh-catalyzed cyclization of dissymmetrically racemic (±)-3,4-disubstituted 4-pentenal: regio-, diastereo-, enantioselectivity, and kinetic resolution. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tanaka M, Takahashi M, Sakamoto E, Imai M, Matsui A, Fujio M, Funakoshi K, Sakai K, Suemune H. Enantio- and diastereoselective construction of 4,9-dimethylspiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione using Rh-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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