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Rallis S, Tomou EM, Drakopoulou SK, Tzakos AG, Thomaidis NS, Skaltsa H. NMR-guided isolation of undescribed triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia atropurpurea L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114104. [PMID: 38657884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on aerial parts of Lysimachia atropurpurea L. (Myrsinaceae), guided by NMR methods, resulted in the isolation and characterization of three previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins named stralysaponins A-C along with five known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. Stralysaponins A-C were categorized into 13β-28-epoxyoleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, reaffirming their prevalent presence of this type in the Myrsinaceae family and the genus Lysimachia. The identified derivatives share a common four-unit branched sugar chain, with rhamnose as the terminal sugar linked at C-3 of the aglycone. The presence of triterpenoid saponins in L. atropurpurea is reported herein for the first time. This study enriched the chemical diversity of triterpenoid saponins of the genus Lysimachia. Additionally, it demonstrates the effectiveness of NMR-profiling in isolating previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Rallis
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia K Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Huh J, Park TK, Chae HS, Nhoek P, Kim YM, An CY, Lee S, Kim J, Chin YW. Acylated saponins and flavonoid glycosides from the fruits of Stewartia koreana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:112980. [PMID: 34653909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three acylated saponins and three flavonoid glycosides, along with nine known flavonoids, were isolated from the fruits of Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder (Theaceae) using relative mass defect filtering analysis. The structures of these compounds were determined by performing spectroscopic analyses and using chemical methods. Furthermore, all the isolates were evaluated for their effects on the mRNA expression of the genes for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as well as their inhibitory activities on PCSK9 and LDLR binding. None of the isolates was deemed to be active in PCSK9-LDLR binding inhibition. However, (+)-catechin was found to inhibit PCSK9 expression and increase LDLR expression, suggesting the potential of (+)-catechin to lower cholesterol level via the downregulation of PCSK9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Bednarska K, Kuś P, Fecka I. Investigation of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Methylglyoxal Trapping Effect of Galega officinalis L. Herb In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E5810. [PMID: 33317096 PMCID: PMC7764533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galega officinalis L. has been known for centuries as an herbal medicine used to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, but its comprehensive chemical composition and pharmacological activity are still insufficiently known. The current study involved the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidative and methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping properties of galega herb. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with both the electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and diode-array detector (UHPLC-ESI-MS and UHPLC-DAD) were used to investigate the composition and evaluate the anti-MGO capability of extracts and their components. Hot water and aqueous methanol extracts, as well as individual compounds representing phytochemical groups, were also assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Quercetin and metformin were used as a positive control. We confirmed the presence of tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids, guanidines, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in galega extracts. The polyphenolic fraction was dominated by mono-, di-, and triglycosylated flavonols, as well as monocaffeoylhexaric acids. The in vitro tests indicated which G. officinalis components exhibit beneficial antioxidative and MGO trapping effects. For galega extracts, flavonols, and HCAs, a potent antiradical activity was observed. The ability to trap MGO was noted for guanidines and flavonoids, whereas HCA esters and quinazoline alkaloids were ineffective. The formation of mono-MGO adducts of galegine, hydroxygalegine, and rutin in the examined water infusion was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (I.F.)
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Manosalva N, Tortella G, Cristina Diez M, Schalchli H, Seabra AB, Durán N, Rubilar O. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: effect of synthesis reaction parameters on antimicrobial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:88. [PMID: 31134435 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Galega officinalis extract using AgNO3 as a precursor was reported. The reaction parameters for the biosynthesis and efficiency in their antimicrobial control against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas syringae were determined. For biosynthesis, a central composite design combined with response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters (pH, AgNO3 and extract concentration), and the design was assessed through the size distribution, zeta potential and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that at pH 11, 1.6 mM of AgNO3 and 15% vv-1 of G. officinalis extract were the optimal reaction parameters. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of small spherical silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial assays showed a high inhibitory effect against E. coli, S. aureus and P. syringae, and that effect was larger with silver nanoparticles of a smaller size (23 nm). This work demonstrates that G. officinalis extract is a feasible medium for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and that the control of the reaction parameters can determine the nanoparticle characteristics and therefore their antimicrobial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nixson Manosalva
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Heidi Schalchli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Amedea B Seabra
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Protective effects of dietary kaempferol glycoside components from unripe soybean (Edamame, Glycine max L. Merrill. 'Jindai') leaves and their serous metabolite on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4515-4521. [PMID: 30333648 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the protective effects of kaempferol galactoside (KG) components in mice, which were separated from Jindai soybean leaves (JDL) and mainly composed by two kaempferol galactosides. Further, KG-related metabolites in serum of mice were identified by Tof-MS. Results showed that both JDL and KG prevented the CCl4-induced increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase. Additionally, mice treated with KG had significantly decreased TBARS and TNF-alpha levels, compared to CCl4-treated mice. Serous analysis showed that kaempferol, glucuronidated kaempferol and methylated kaempferol with a glucuronic acid moiety were identified in the serum of mice fed unripe soybean leaves or kaempferol galactosides isolated from the leaves. The results indicated that kaempferol 3-O-galactoside connected to other glycosides via galactose might be hydrolyzed in the gastro-intestinal tract and/or epithelium cells to release kaempferol, followed by glucuronidation and/or methylation in the liver to contribute to a reduction in liver injury. The use of raw leaves containing kaempferol galactosides as food materials may contribute to a reduction in oxidation-related diseases.
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Penagos Tabares F, Bedoya Jaramillo JV, Ruiz-Cortés ZT. Pharmacological overview of galactogogues. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:602894. [PMID: 25254141 PMCID: PMC4165197 DOI: 10.1155/2014/602894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactogogues are substances used to induce, maintain, and increase milk production, both in human clinical conditions (like noninfectious agalactias and hypogalactias) and in massification of production in the animal dairy industry. This paper aims to report the state of the art on the possible mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and side effects of galactogogues, including potential uses in veterinary and human medicine. The knowledge gaps in veterinary clinical practice use of galactogogues, especially in the standardization of the lactogenic dose in some pure drugs and herbal preparations, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Penagos Tabares
- Biogenesis Research Group, Agrarian Sciences Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Afifi MS, Elgindi OD, Bakr RO. Flavonoids with acetylated branched glycans and bioactivity of Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze leaf extract. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:257-64. [PMID: 24144158 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.847438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The new acetylated kaempferol tetraglycoside, kaempferol-3-O-[2″(4-acetylrhamnopyranosyl)-3″-galactopyranosyl] robinobioside (1), was isolated from the aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Tipuana tipu Benth. The known kaempferol 3-[2″-(4-acetyl-rhamnosyl)] robinobioside (2), kaempferol 3-O-2″-rhamnopyranosylrutinoside (3), rutin (4), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-galactopyranoside (7), quarcetin 3-O-glucopyranoside (8), kaempferol (9) and quercetin (10) together with the chlorogenic acid (11) were also isolated and characterised. Structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D NMR and ESI-MS. The methanol extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, IC50 28.96 μg/mL, compared with ascorbic acid (1.83 μg/mL) and tertiary-butylhydroquinone (1.92 μg/mL). The methanol and chloroform extracts exhibited potent cytotoxic activity; the former was found to be active against larynx and liver cell lines, while the latter being active against intestine and liver cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Afifi
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr international University , Cairo , Egypt
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Peiretti P, Gai F. Chemical composition, nutritive value, fatty acid and amino acid contents of Galega officinalis L. during its growth stage and in regrowth. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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