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Rao QR, Rao JB, Zhao M. The specialized sesquiterpenoids produced by the genus Elephantopus L.: Chemistry, biological activities and structure-activity relationship exploration. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114041. [PMID: 38442848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The genus Elephantopus L. is a valuable resource rich in sesquiterpenoids with structural diversity and various bioactivities, showing great potential for applications in medicinal field and biological industry. Up to now, over 129 sesquiterpenoids have been isolated and identified from this plant genus, including 114 germacrane-type, 7 guaianolide-type, 5 eudesmane-type, 1 elemanolide-type, and 2 bis-sesquiterpenoids. These sesquiterpenoids were reported to show a diverse range of pharmacological properties, including cytotoxic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoal. Consequently, some of them were identified as active scaffolds in the design and development of drugs. Considering that there is currently no overview available that covers the sesquiterpenoids and their biological activities in the Elephantopus genus, this article aims to comprehensively review the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, pharmacological properties, and structure-activity relationship of sesquiterpenoids found in the Elephantopus genus, which will establish a theoretical framework that can guide further research and exploration of sesquiterpenoids from Elephantopus plants as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Rao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Maternal & Child Nutrition Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Rao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Bai M, Xu W, Li Q, Liu DF, Lv TM, Du NN, Yao GD, Lin B, Song SJ, Huang XX. Highly Oxidized Germacranolides from Elephantopus tomentosus and the Configurational Revision of Some Previously Reported Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2433-2444. [PMID: 36223633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxidized germacranolides are mainly found in the genus Elephantopus, contain a characteristic ten-membered molecular core that is highly flexible, and exhibit potential cytotoxic properties. However, their configurations were assigned ambiguously in previous reports due to spectroscopic observation of macrocyclic systems. Herein, 17 highly oxidized germacranolides, including 12 new germacranolides (1-12), were isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data analysis combined with X-ray crystallography and ECD calculations, and it was possible to propose configurational revisions of five previously reported analogues (13-17). Cytotoxic activities for 1-17 against two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B) were tested, and compounds 1-10 and 13-16 generated IC50 values of 2.2-9.8 μM. Furthermore, the observed cytotoxic activity of 1 was determined as being mediated by inducing the apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells via mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Du
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Bitchagno GTM, Koffi JG, Simo IK, Kagho DUK, Ngouela AS, Lenta BN, Sewald N. LC-ToF-ESI-MS Patterns of Hirsutinolide-like Sesquiterpenoids Present in the Elephantopus mollis Kunth Extract and Chemophenetic Significance of Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164810. [PMID: 34443397 PMCID: PMC8399899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of nine sesquiterpenoid lactones together with phenolic compounds and other terpenes were identified from the crude methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Compounds were isolated using different chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The structures of some detected compounds were assigned based on LC-ToF-ESI-MS screening of main fractions/subfractions from flash chromatography and comparison with isolated analogues as standards. The findings revealed not only the in-source loss of water as the base peak in hirsutinolides but also the in-source loss of corresponding alcohol when the oxygen at position 1 is alkylated. The present study also draws up a complement of data with respect to hirsutinolide-like sesquiterpene lactones whose LC-MS characteristics are not available in the literature. The chemophenetic significance is also discussed. Some of the isolated compounds were reported for the first time to be found in the species, the genus as well as the plant family. The medium-polar fractions of the crude extract, also containing the larger amount of sesquiterpenoid lactones, exhibited activity both against a cancer cell line and bacterial strains. Isolated lactones were also active against the cancer cell line, while the chlorogenic derivatives also valuable in Elephantopus genus showed potent radical scavenging activity. This is the first report of cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of our samples against the tested strains and cell line. The present study follows the ongoing research project dealing with the characterization of taxa with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities from Cameroonian pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jean Garba Koffi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (J.G.K.); (B.N.L.)
| | - Ingrid Konga Simo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Donald Ulrich K. Kagho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Augustin Silvere Ngouela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (J.G.K.); (B.N.L.)
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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EM-2 inhibited autophagy and promoted G 2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by activating the JNK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1139-1149. [PMID: 33318625 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of EM-2, a natural active monomer purified from Elephantopusmollis H.B.K., on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the molecular mechanism involved. The results from the MTT assay revealed that EM-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a dose-dependent manner but exhibited less cytotoxicity to the normal liver epithelial cell line LO2. EdU staining and colony formation assays further confirmed the inhibitory effect of EM-2 on the proliferation of Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. According to the RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis results, EM-2 markedly activated the MAPK pathway in Huh-7 cells, and the results of Western blotting further indicated that EM-2 could activate the ERK and JNK pathways. Meanwhile, EM-2 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and G2/M phase arrest in Huh-7 cells, which could be partially reversed when treated with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor. Further study indicated that EM-2 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and blocked autophagic flux in Huh-7 cells by inhibiting autophagy-induced lysosome maturation. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 could reduce cell viability and increase the sensitivity of Huh-7 cells to EM-2. In conclusion, our findings revealed that EM-2 not only promoted G2/M phase arrest and activated ER stress but also induced apoptosis by activating the JNK pathway and blocked autophagic flux by inhibiting autolysosome maturation in Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Therefore, EM-2 is a potential therapeutic drug with promising antitumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma and fewer side effects.
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Lin DC, Tang Q, Zhuo XF, Wang WZ, Li CJ, Kuang GK, Wu ZN, Zhang YB, Wang GC, Li YL. Three new sesquiterpene lactones from the whole plants of Elephantopus scaber. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3619-3625. [PMID: 33886391 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1873984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpene lactones, named scabertopinolides H - J (1 - 3), along with four known ones, desacylisodeoxyelephantopin 2-methylbutyrate (4), iso-17,19-dihydrodeoxyelephantopin (5), scabertopinolide D (6) and (2R,6R,7R,8S)-8-tigloyloxy-1(10),4(5),11(13)-germacratrien-2,15,6,12-diolide (7) were isolated from the whole plants of Elephantopus scaber. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (including IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR) and single-crystal X-ray. These isolated compounds showed effective anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 6.27 ± 0.18 to 18.31 ± 1.38 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Chai Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Fang Zhuo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Can-Jie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Kai Kuang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Nan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Bich Ngoc TT, Hoai Nga NT, My Trinh NT, Thuoc TL, Phuong Thao DT. Elephantopus mollis Kunth extracts induce antiproliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer and myeloid leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113222. [PMID: 32763415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Elephantopus mollis Kunth (EM), which belongs to Asteraceae family, has been used as a folk medicine with diverse therapeutic properties. Previous studies reported that crude extracts of this plant could inhibit several cancer cell lines, including breast carcinoma MCF-7, liver carcinoma HepG2, colorectal carcinoma DLD-1, lung carcinoma NCI-H23, etc. AIM: In this study, the anticancer activity and associated molecular mechanism of EM which is distributed in Vietnam were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of various EM extracts was evaluated on different cell lines by MTT assay. In addition, the effects of EM extracts on cell growth, cell morphology, nuclear morphology, caspase-3 activation, and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were also examined. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract (EM-EA) caused proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction towards A549 lung cancer cells (IC50 = 18.66 μg/ml, SI = 5.8) and HL60 leukemia cells (IC50 = 7.45 μg/ml, SI = 14.5) while petroleum ether extract (EM-PE) showed high toxicity to HL60 cell line (IC50 = 11.14 μg/ml, SI = 6.7). Notably, Raji lymphoma cells were also affected by these extracts (IC50 < 20 μg/ml, SI > 4), which has not been reported yet. Furthermore, mechanisms of EM extracts were elucidated. The significant downregulation of PCNA mRNA level induced by EM-EA/PE extracts contributed to the cell-growth restraint. EM-EA extract might activate apoptosis in A549 cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways by causing a 1.55-fold increase in BID, 3.65-fold increase in BAK and 3.11-fold decrease in BCL-2 expression level. Meanwhile, with EM-EA-extract treatment, HL60 cells might encounter P53-dependent apoptotic deaths. CONCLUSIONS The combination of antiproliferation and apoptosis activation contributed to the high efficacy of EM extracts. These findings not only proved the anticancer potential of EM but also provided further insights into the mechanisms of EM extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi My Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Linh Thuoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Raimi IO, Kopaopa BG, Mugivhisa LL, Lewu FB, Amoo SO, Olowoyo JO. An appraisal of documented medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer in Africa over a twenty-year period (1998–2018). J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Hsiao YH, Lin CW, Wang PH, Hsin MC, Yang SF. The Potential of Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419861693. [PMID: 31271066 PMCID: PMC6611015 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419861693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a global health issue and places a considerable economic and medical burden on society. Thus, a concerted effort to improve the treatment of cervical cancer is warranted. Although several treatment options are currently available for treating patients with cervical cancer, such as chemoradiation and neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, more aggressive systemic therapies and newer therapeutic agents are under investigation. Medicinal herbs have long been used to treat diseases. In this review, we summarize studies analyzing the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines, including the effects of crude extracts and compounds in vitro or in animal models for inducing apoptosis and inhibiting invasion or metastasis. Chinese herbal medicines with therapeutic targeting, such as those that interfere with tumor growth and progression in cervical cancer, have been widely investigated. To apply Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of cervical cancer, adequate clinical studies are required to confirm its clinical safety and efficiency. Further investigations focused on the purification, pharmacokinetics, and identification of compounds from Chinese herbal medicines in cervical cancer treatment are necessary to achieve the aforementioned treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,2 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- 4 Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,5 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,2 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Min-Chien Hsin
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,7 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
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Wu ZN, Zhang YB, Chen NH, Li MJ, Li MM, Tang W, Zhuang L, Li YL, Wang GC. Sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and their anti-inflammatory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 137:81-86. [PMID: 28179060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven sesquiterpene lactones, 8-O-methacryloylelephanpane, 2,4-bis-O-methyl-8-O-methacryloylelephanpane, 4-O-ethyl-8-O-methacryloylelephanpane, 8-O-methacryloylisoelephanpane, 2-O-demethyltomenphantopin C, molephantin A, molephantin B, along with ten known ones, were isolated from Elephantopus mollis (Asteraceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). The isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and all tested compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects with IC50 values of 0.57 ± 0.17 to 14.34 ± 1.61 μM, except that compound tomenphantopin C exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 59.97 ± 1.53 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Nan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Neng-Hua Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Mo-Jiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Man-Mei Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ling Zhuang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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10
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Li H, Li M, Wang G, Shao F, Chen W, Xia C, Wang S, Li Y, Zhou G, Liu Z. EM23, A Natural Sesquiterpene Lactone from Elephantopus mollis, Induces Apoptosis in Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Thioredoxin- and Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:77. [PMID: 27064563 PMCID: PMC4809879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Elephantopus mollis (EM) is a traditional herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological activities. However, the efficacy of EM in treating human leukemia is currently unknown. In the current study, we report that EM23, a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from EM, inhibits the proliferation of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells by inducing apoptosis. Translocation of membrane-associated phospholipid phosphatidylserines, changes in cell morphology, activation of caspases, and cleavage of PARP were concomitant with this inhibition. The involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in EM23-mediated apoptosis was suggested by observed disruptions in mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistic studies indicated that EM23 caused a marked increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, almost fully reversed EM23-mediated apoptosis. In EM23-treated cells, the expression levels of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxinreductase (TrxR), two components of the Trx system involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, were significantly down-regulated. Concomitantly, Trx regulated the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and its downstream regulatory targets, the p38, JNK, and ERK MAPKs. EM23-mediated activation of ASK1/MAPKs was significantly inhibited in the presence of NAC. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was suppressed by EM23, as suggested by the observed blockage of p65 nuclear translocation, phosphorylation, and reversion of IκBα degradation following EM23 treatment. Taken together, these results provide important insights into the anticancer activities of the EM component EM23 against human CML K562 cells and AML HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Manmei Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxiong Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
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Hiradeve SM, Rangari VD. Elephantopus scaber Linn.: A review on its ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wang B, Mei WL, Zeng YB, Guo ZK, Liu GD, Dai HF. A new sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus tomentosus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:700-703. [PMID: 22582752 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.682153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpene lactone, named tomenphantopin H (1), together with two known germacranolides, 2β-methoxy-2-deethoxy-8-O-deacylphantomolin-8-O-tiglinate (2) and 2-deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Elephantopus tomentosus Linn. The new compound was completely elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and HR-ESI-MS analyses. All compounds exhibited antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Ooi KL, Tengku Muhammad TS, Lam LY, Sulaiman SF. Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. in Human Liver Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Through Caspase-3 Activation. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 13:NP1-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735411433203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cytotoxic (anticancer) evaluations of Elephantopus mollis were mainly focused on its elephantopin derivatives neglecting the combined effect of the phytochemicals in its traditionally used extracts. In this study, the cytotoxic mechanism of its extracts was investigated using methylene blue assay. The cytotoxic screening results revealed the ethyl acetate extract as the most potent extract by displaying prominent dose-dependent and time-dependent growth inhibitions in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells with the lowest EC50 value of 9.38 ± 0.43 µg/mL after 72 hours of treatment. Acute exposure of the HepG2 cells to the ethyl acetate extract produced a significant regulation of caspase-3 with the peak expression at 8 hours of treatment ( P < .05). DNA fragmentation indicated by DeadEnd Apoptosis Detection System–labeled nuclei cells confirmed that the extract induced apoptotic cell death through caspase-3-dependent pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Leong Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Jalan Bukit Gambir, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yein Lam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. inhibits human lymphocyte proliferation and the growth of tumour cell lines and induces apoptosis in vitro. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:721285. [PMID: 22500104 PMCID: PMC3303583 DOI: 10.1155/2012/721285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate the compounds responsible for the cytotoxic properties of South Indian Elephantopus scaber L. and further investigate their effects on quiescent and proliferating cells. Bioassay-guided isolation of the whole plant of chloroform extract of South Indian Elephantopus scaber afforded the known sesquiterpene lactone, deoxyelephantopin, and isodeoxyelephantopin whose structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds caused a dose dependent reduction in the viability of L-929 tumour cells in 72 h culture (IC50 value of 2.7 μg/mL and 3.3 μg/mL) by the cell viability assay. Both the compounds act selectively on quiescent and PHA-stimulated proliferating human lymphocytes and inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA of DLA tumour cells. The compound deoxyelephantopin at a concentration of 3 μg/mL caused maximum apoptotic cells. It also exhibited significant in vivo antitumour efficacy against DLA tumour cells. The results, therefore, indicate that the antiproliferative property of deoxyelephantopin and isodeoxyelephantopin could be used in regimens for treating tumors with extensive proliferative potencies.
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Ooi KL, Muhammad TST, Tan ML, Sulaiman SF. Cytotoxic, apoptotic and anti-α-glucosidase activities of 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, an antioxidant isolated from the polyphenolic-rich extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:685-695. [PMID: 21497647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The decoction of the whole plant of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. is traditionally consumed to treat various free radical-mediated diseases including cancer and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was initiated to determine whether the most effective antioxidant compound isolated from the whole plant of Elephantopus mollis can also contribute to its claimed traditional values as anticancer and antidiabetes agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS An active antiradical phenolic compound (3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid) was isolated from the methanol extract (with the highest in polyphenolic content) and their antioxidant activities were compared using four different assays, that are DPPH, FRAP, metal chelating, and β-carotene bleaching tests. The compound was also evaluated for its cytotoxic activity, apoptotic induction and anti-glucosidase efficacies using methylene blue, DeadEnd™ assay and α-glucosidase assays, respectively. RESULTS The compound acted as a greater primary antioxidant than its methanol extract, by having higher ferric reducing activity (EC(50) 2.18±0.05 μg/ml), β-carotene bleaching activity (EC(50) 23.85±0.65 μg/ml) and DPPH scavenging activity (EC(50) 68.91±5.44μg/ml), whereas the methanol extract exhibited higher secondary antioxidant activity as a metal chelator with lower EC(50) value (49.39±3.68 μg/ml) than the compound. Cytotoxicity screening of this compound exhibited a remarkable dose-dependent inhibitory effect on NCI-H23 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines (EC(50) 3.26±0.35 μg/ml) and was found to be apoptotic in nature based on a clear indication of DNA fragmentation. This compound also displayed a concentration-dependent α-glucosidase inhibition with EC(50) 241.80±14.29 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate the major role of 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid to antioxidant capacities of Elephantopus mollis extracts. The compound also exerted apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects and is thus a promising non toxic agent in treating cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Leong Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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