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Boersma HE, van der Klauw MM, Smit AJ, Wolffenbuttel BHR. A non-invasive risk score including skin autofluorescence predicts diabetes risk in the general population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21794. [PMID: 36526712 PMCID: PMC9758123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased skin autofluorescence (SAF) predicts the development of diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular disease. We assessed the performance of a simple model which includes SAF to identify individuals at high risk for undiagnosed and incident type 2 diabetes, in 58,377 participants in the Lifelines Cohort Study without known diabetes. Newly-diagnosed diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) or self-reported diabetes at follow-up. We constructed predictive models based on age, body mass index (BMI), SAF, and parental history of diabetes, and compared to results with the concise FINDRISC model. At 2nd visit to Lifelines, 1113 (1.9%) participants were identified with undiagnosed diabetes and 1033 (1.8%) participants developed diabetes during follow-up. A model comprising age, BMI and SAF yielded an AUC of 0.783 and was non-inferior to the concise FINDRISC model, which had an AUC of 0.797 to predict new diabetes. At a score of 5.8, sensitivity was 78% and specificity of 66%. Model 2 which also incorporated parental diabetes history, had an AUC of 0.792, and a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 70% at a score of 6.5. Net reclassification index (NRI) did not improve significantly (NRI 1.43% (- 0.50-3.37 p = 0.15). The combination of an easy to perform SAF measurement with age and BMI is a good alternative screening tool suitable for medical and non-medical settings. Parental history of diabetes did not significantly improve model performance in this homogeneous cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henderikus E. Boersma
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie M. van der Klauw
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andries J. Smit
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Imai H, Koyama R, Horino Y, Abe H. Preparation of Isodehydrodigallic Acid Using Ullmann Condensation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:298-301. [PMID: 33642480 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isodehydrodigallic acid, which is an important component of several ellagitannin compounds, was easily synthesized using a classical Ullmann condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Imai
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama
| | - Ryo Koyama
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama
| | | | - Hitoshi Abe
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama
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Hashimoto H, Ishimoto T, Konishi H, Hirokane T, Wakamori S, Ikeuchi K, Yamada H. Synthesis of an Ellagitannin Component, the Macaranoyl Group with a Tetra- ortho-Substituted Diaryl Ether Structure. Org Lett 2020; 22:6729-6733. [PMID: 32845154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a practical synthesis of the macaranoyl group contained in ellagitannins, i.e., a C-O digallate structure with a tetra-ortho-substituted diaryl ether bond, is described. The methodology involved an oxa-Michael addition/elimination reaction between a brominated ortho-quinone monoketal and a phenol with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl moiety in the presence of 18-crown-6 under dark conditions, followed by reductive aromatization. The existence of rotamers originating from the constructed ether moiety is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hayato Konishi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirokane
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Wakamori
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamada
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Konishi H, Hirokane T, Hashimoto H, Ikeuchi K, Matsumoto S, Wakamori S, Yamada H. Synthesis of diaryl ether components of ellagitannins using ortho-quinone with consonant mesomeric effects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3991-3994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methods for synthesizing C–O digallate structures, the basic unit of diaryl ether components of natural ellagitannins, are described. In the designed building block, consonantly overlapped mesomeric effects enhanced its electrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Konishi
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirokane
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Hajime Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Matsumoto
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Wakamori
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamada
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin University
- Hyogo 669-1337
- Japan
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Abe H, Imai H, Ogura D, Horino Y. Synthesis of Lactonized Valoneoyl Group-Containing Ellagitannins, Oenothein C and Cornusiin B. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ikeuchi K, Wakamori S, Hirokane T, Yamada H. Development of Methods Aimed at Syntheses of All Ellagitannins. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yamada H, Hirokane T, Ikeuchi K, Wakamori S. Fundamental Methods in Ellagitannin Synthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This account describes methods for synthesizing natural ellagitannins. The ellagitannins, a class of polyphenols, has a wide variety of chemical structures and biological activities. Here, we focus on three topics, which are the synthesis of the hexahydroxydiphenoyl group, construction of the hexahydroxydiphenoyl bridge, and synthesis of C–O digallates. The hexahydroxydiphenoyl group and the C–O digallates are C–C and C–O coupled galloyl groups, respectively, both group of which are the two major components of ellagitannins. By combining methods described in this account, many ellagitannins might be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Yamada
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirokane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Wakamori
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama
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Noshita T, Matsumoto K, Nishikawa H, Ouchi H, Hamada Y, Saito A, Yamada T. The structure proposed for apteniol D is different from that of the compound obtained by total synthesis. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:163-168. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1224867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Noshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsumoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ouchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Education, Department of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Hamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Teiko Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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