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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Antitumoral effect of novel synthetic 8-hydroxy-2-((4-nitrophenyl)thio)naphthalene-1,4-dione (CNN16) via ROS-mediated DNA damage, apoptosis and anti-migratory effect in colon cancer cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies of novel compounds based on the methoxynaphthalene ring. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shrivash MK, Singh S, Shukla AK, Luqman S, Pandey J, Misra K. Water mediated procedure for preparation of stereoselective oximes as inhibitors of MRCK kinase. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shen GN, Li J, Jin YH, Sun HN, Hao YY, Jin MH, Liu R, Li WL, Zhang YQ, Yu JB, Yu NN, Wang WD, Yu LY, Kim JS, Kwon T, Han YH. The compound 2-benzylthio-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione leads to apoptotic cell death by increasing the cellular reactive oxygen species levels in Ras-mutated liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32968439 PMCID: PMC7500053 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the pro-apoptotic anticancer potential of several 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-phthoquinone (DMNQ) derivatives in Ras-mediated tumorigenesis. MTT assays were used to detect cellular viability and flow cytometry was performed to assess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins were detected via western blotting. Among the 12 newly synthesized DMNQ derivatives, 2-benzylthio-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (BZNQ; component #1) significantly reduced cell viability both in mouse NIH3T3 embryonic fibroblasts cells (NC) and H-RasG12V transfected mouse NIH3T3 embryonic fibroblasts cells (NR). Moreover, BZNQ resulted in increased cytotoxic sensitivity in Ras-mutant transfected cells. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H-RasG12V transfected HepG2 liver cancer cells (HR) were significantly higher compared with the levels in HepG2 liver cancer cells (HC) following BZNQ treatment, which further resulted in increased cellular apoptosis. Eliminating cellular ROS using an ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine markedly reversed BZNQ-induced cellular ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis in HC and HR cells. Western blotting results revealed that BZNQ significantly downregulated H-Ras protein expression and inhibited the Ras-mediated downstream signaling pathways such as protein kinase B, extracellular signal-related kinase and glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation and β-catenin protein expression. These results indicated that the novel DMNQ derivative BZNQ may be a therapeutic drug for Ras-mediated liver tumorigenesis. The results of the current study suggest that BZNQ exerts its effect by downregulating H-Ras protein expression and Ras-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Nan Shen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- Library and Information Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Hao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Li
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yun Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Mészáros JP, Geisler H, Poljarević JM, Roller A, Legina MS, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Kandioller W, Enyedy ÉA. Naphthoquinones of natural origin: Aqueous chemistry and coordination to half-sandwich organometallic cations. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ma Q, Wei R, Sang Z. Structural Characterization and Hepatoprotective Activity of Naphthoquinone From Cucumis bisexualis. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20902898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new naphthoquinones, namely 5,8-dihydroxy-7′-isopropyl-furan ring-1″-prenyl-naphthoquinone (1), 5,8-dihydroxy-7′-propenyl-furan ring-1″-isopropanol-naphthoquinone (2), and 5,8-dihydroxy-7′-isopropanol-furan ring-1″-(5″-hydroxyphenyl)-naphthoquinone (3), along with 10 known naphthoquinone derivatives (4-13) were isolated from Cucumis bisexualis for the first time. All the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and chemical evidence. Compounds (1-13) were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activites on human L-O2 cells. Among them, compounds 1, 4, and 8 exhibited significant promotion effects on the proliferation of L-O2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education & Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongrui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education & Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, China
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Gokmen Z, Onan ME, Deniz NG, Karakas D, Ulukaya E. Synthesis and investigation of cytotoxicity of new N- and S,S-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) derivatives on selected cancer lines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1655057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Gokmen
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdi Onan
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gulsah Deniz
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang H, Luo YH, Shen GN, Piao XJ, Xu WT, Zhang Y, Wang JR, Feng YC, Li JQ, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang SN, Xue H, Wang HX, Wang CY, Jin CH. Two novel 1,4‑naphthoquinone derivatives induce human gastric cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulating reactive oxygen species‑mediated MAPK/Akt/STAT3 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2571-2582. [PMID: 31322207 PMCID: PMC6691246 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives have superior anticancer effects, but their use has been severely limited in clinical practice due to adverse side effects. To reduce the side effects and extend the anticancer effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, 2-(butane-1-sulfinyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (BQ) and 2-(octane-1-sulfinyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (OQ) were synthesized, and their anticancer activities were investigated. The anti-proliferation effects, determined by MTT assays, showed that BQ and OQ significantly inhibited the viability of gastric cancer cells and had no significant cytotoxic effect on normal cell lines. The apoptotic effect was determined by flow cytometry, and the results showed that BQ and OQ induced cell apoptosis by regulating the mitochondrial pathway and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway in AGS cells. Furthermore, BQ and OQ significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and this effect was blocked by the ROS scavenger NAC in AGS cells. BQ and OQ induced apoptosis by upregulating the protein expression of p38 and JNK and downregulating the levels of ERK and STAT3. Furthermore, expression levels of these proteins were also blocked after NAC treatment. These results demonstrated that BQ and OQ induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in AGS cells by stimulating ROS generation, which caused subsequent activation of MAPK, Akt and STAT3 signaling pathways. Thus, BQ and OQ may serve as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- Department of Grass Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Nong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Ittiudomrak T, Puthong S, Roytrakul S, Chanchao C. α-Mangostin and Apigenin Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Programmed Cell Death in SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:167-179. [PMID: 31015899 PMCID: PMC6467359 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth main cause of pre-senescent death in women. Although chemotherapy is generally an efficient treatment, its side effects and the occurrence of chemotherapeutic resistance have prompted the need for alternative treatments. In this study, α-mangostin and apigenin were evaluated as possible anticancer alternatives to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, used herein as a positive control. The ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV-3 (ATCC No. HTB77) was used as model ovarian cancer cells, whereas the skin fibroblast line CCD-986Sk (ATCC No. CRL-1947) and lung fibroblast line WI-38 (ATCC No. CCL-75) were used as model untransformed cells. Apigenin and doxorubicin inhibited the growth of SKOV-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 72 hr exposure, doxorubicin was mostly toxic to SKOV-3 cells, whereas apigenin was toxic to SKOV-3 cells but not CCD-986Sk and WI-38 cells. α-Mangostin was more toxic to SKOV-3 cells than to CCD-986Sk cells. A lower cell density, cell shrinkage, and more unattached (floating round) cells were observed in all treated SKOV-3 cells, but the greatest effects were observed with α-mangostin. With regard to programmed cell death, apigenin caused early apoptosis within 24 hr, whereas α-mangostin and doxorubicin caused late apoptosis and necrosis after 72 hr of exposure. Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in α-mangostin-treated SKOV-3 cells after 12 hr of exposure, whereas only caspase-9 activity was significantly increased in apigenin-treated SKOV-3 cells at 24 hr. Both α-mangostin and apigenin arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, but after 24 and 48 hr, respectively. Significant upregulation of BCL2 (apoptosis-associated gene) and COX2 (inflammation-associated gene) transcripts was observed in apigenin- and α-mangostin-treated SKOV-3 cells, respectively. α-Mangostin and apigenin are therefore alternative options for SKOV-3 cell inhibition, with apigenin causing rapid early apoptosis related to the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and α-mangostin likely being involved with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeranai Ittiudomrak
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Discovery and synthesis of sulfur-containing 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone oxime derivatives as new and potential anti-MDR cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:160-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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