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Ishida S, Terayama K, Kojima R, Takasu K, Okuno Y. AI-Driven Synthetic Route Design Incorporated with Retrosynthesis Knowledge. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1357-1367. [PMID: 35258953 PMCID: PMC8965881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) aims to assist chemists in performing retrosynthetic analysis for which they utilize their experiments, intuition, and knowledge. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) techniques, including deep neural networks, have significantly improved data-driven synthetic route designs without human intervention. However, learning chemical knowledge by ML for practical synthesis planning has not yet been adequately achieved and remains a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a data-driven CASP application integrated with various portions of retrosynthesis knowledge called "ReTReK" that introduces the knowledge as adjustable parameters into the evaluation of promising search directions. The experimental results showed that ReTReK successfully searched synthetic routes based on the specified retrosynthesis knowledge, indicating that the synthetic routes searched with the knowledge were preferred to those without the knowledge. The concept of integrating retrosynthesis knowledge as adjustable parameters into a data-driven CASP application is expected to enhance the performance of both existing data-driven CASP applications and those under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimo-Adachicho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Terayama
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimo-Adachicho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan.,HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
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Kurohara T, Ito T, Tsuji G, Misawa T, Yokoo H, Yanase Y, Shoda T, Sakai T, Hosoe J, Uchiyama N, Akiyama H, Demizu Y. Synthesis of Norgestomet and its 17β-isomer and evaluation of their agonistic activities against progesterone receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116425. [PMID: 34607200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Norgestomet is a synthetic progesterone derivative applied in veterinary medicine to control estrus and ovulation in cattle. Norgestomet has been widely used in the livestock industry to promote the synchronization of estrus in cattle and increase pregnancy rates. However, highly reproducible synthetic methods for Norgestomet have been rarely reported. Here, we described a method for the synthesis of Norgestomet and performed quantitative NMR analysis to determine the purity of the products. Moreover, the agonistic activity of the synthesized compounds against progesterone receptors (PRs) was evaluated using an alkaline phosphatase assay. We synthesized Norgestomet with 97.9% purity that exhibited agonistic activity against PR with EC50 values of 4.5 nM. We also synthesized the 17β-isomer of Norgestomet with 92.7% purity that did not exhibit any PR agonistic activity. The proposed synthetic route of Norgestomet can facilitate the assessment of residual Norgestomet in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurohara
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takahito Ito
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Misawa
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465, Kajii-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanase
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takuji Shoda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sakai
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Junko Hosoe
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Masada S, Hosoe J, Arai R, Demizu Y, Hakamatsuka T, Goda Y, Uchiyama N. Miroestrol Quantification in Pueraria mirifica Crude Drugs and Products by Single-Reference UPLC/PDA/MS Using Relative Molar Sensitivities to Kwakhurin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:573-580. [PMID: 33790074 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to occasional health damages caused by health food products derived from Pueraria mirifica (PM), the Japanese government has designated PM as an "ingredient calling for special attention." Miroestrol is a specific isoflavone isolated from PM and possesses very strong estrogenic activity enough to induce side effects in small amount. Therefore, routine analyses for miroestrol quantification is recommended to control the safety and quality of PM products. However, miroestrol content in PM is quite low, and commercial reagent for its detection is rarely available. In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis method for miroestrol in PM without using its analytical standard by using the relative molar sensitivity (RMS) of miroestrol to kwakhurin, another PM-specific isoflavone, as a reference standard. The RMS value was obtained by an offline combination of 1H-quantitative NMR spectroscopy and a LC/photo diode array (PDA) and miroestrol content was determined by single-reference LC/PDA using RMS. Furthermore, we investigated miroestrol content in commercially available PM crude drugs and products, and the RMS method was compared with the conventional calibration curve method in terms of performance. The rate of concordance of miroestrol contents determined by two method was 89-101%. The results revealed that our developed LC/PDA/MS method with RMS using kwakhurin as a reference standard was accurate for routine monitoring of miroestrol content in PM crude drugs and products to control their quality.
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