1
|
Xu W, Xue W, Zhou Z, Wang J, Qi H, Sun S, Jin T, Yao P, Zhao JY, Lin F. Formate Might Be a Novel Potential Serum Metabolic Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3147-3160. [PMID: 37842336 PMCID: PMC10576463 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s428933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most frequent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) shows a profound impact on 50% of patients with symptoms of neuropathic pain, numbness and other paresthesia. No valid serum biomarkers for the prediction of DPN have been identified in the clinic so far. This study is to investigate the potential serum biomarkers for DPN firstly based on 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics technique. Methods Thirty-six patients enrolled in this study were divided into two groups: 18 T2DM patients without DPN (T2DM group) and 18 T2DM patients with DPN (DPN group). Serum metabolites were measured via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatic approaches including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), independent sample t-test, Fisher's test, Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to identify the potential altered serum biomarkers. Results A total of 20 metabolites were obtained and further analyzed. Formate was identified as the only potential biomarker that decreased in the DPN group with statistical significance after multiple comparisons (p<0.05). Formate also displayed a negative relationship with some elevated clinical markers in DPN. ROC curve analysis showed a good discriminative ability for formate in DPN with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.981. Conclusion Formate could be considered a potential serum metabolic biomarker for DPN. The reduced level of formate in DPN may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and gut microbiota alteration. Monitoring the level of serum formate would be an important strategy for the early diagnosis of DPN and a supplement of formate may be a promising treatment for DPN in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangsheng Xue
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqing Lin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Longobardi I, Gualano B, Seguro AC, Roschel H. Is It Time for a Requiem for Creatine Supplementation-Induced Kidney Failure? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061466. [PMID: 36986197 PMCID: PMC10054094 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine has become one of the most popular dietary supplements among a wide range of healthy and clinical populations. However, its potential adverse effects on kidney health are still a matter of concern. This is a narrative review of the effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function. Despite a few case reports and animal studies suggesting that creatine may impair kidney function, clinical trials with controlled designs do not support this claim. Creatine supplementation may increase serum creatinine (Crn) concentration for some individuals, but it does not necessarily indicate kidney dysfunction, as creatine is spontaneously converted into Crn. Based on studies assessing kidney function using reliable methods, creatine supplements have been shown to be safe for human consumption. Further studies with people who have pre-existing kidney disease remain necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Longobardi
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (I.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (I.L.); (B.G.)
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Nephrology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (I.L.); (B.G.)
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3061-8789
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eom JS, Park DS, Lee SJ, Gu BH, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Kim BW, Lee SS, Kim M. Metabolomic and transcriptomic study to understand changes in metabolic and immune responses in steers under heat stress. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:87-101. [PMID: 36189376 PMCID: PMC9483736 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) damages livestock by adversely affecting physiological and immunological functions. However, fundamental understanding of the metabolic and immunological mechanisms in animals under HS remains elusive, particularly in steers. To understand the changes on metabolic and immune responses in steers under HS condition, we performed RNA-sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics on HS-free (THI value: 64.92 ± 0.56) and HS-exposed (THI value: 79.13 ± 0.56) Jersey steer (n = 8, body weight: 559.67 ± 32.72 kg). This study clarifies the metabolic changes in 3 biofluids (rumen fluid, serum, and urine) and the immune responses observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HS-exposed steers. This integrated approach allowed the discovery of HS-sensitive metabolic and immunological pathways. The metabolomic analysis indicated that HS-exposed steers showed potential HS biomarkers such as isocitrate, formate, creatine, and riboflavin (P < 0.05). Among them, there were several integrative metabolic pathways between rumen fluid and serum. Furthermore, HS altered mRNA expression and immune-related signaling pathways. A meta-analysis revealed that HS decreased riboflavin metabolism and the expression of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism-related genes. Moreover, metabolic pathways, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway, were downregulated in immune cells by HS (P < 0.05). These findings, along with the datasets of pathways and phenotypic differences as potential biomarkers in steers, can support more in-depth research to elucidate the inter-related metabolic and immunological pathways. This would help suggest new strategies to ameliorate the effects of HS, including disease susceptibility and metabolic disorders, in Jersey steers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tomczyńska-Mleko M, Mleko S, Terpiłowski K, Pérez-Huertas S, Nishinari K. Aerated whey protein gels as a controlled release system of creatine investigated in an artificial stomach. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
5
|
Tidmas V, Brazier J, Hawkins J, Forbes SC, Bottoms L, Farrington K. Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074288. [PMID: 35409969 PMCID: PMC8998289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bodybuilders routinely engage in many dietary and other practices purported to be harmful to kidney health. The development of acute kidney injury, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and nephrocalcinosis may be particular risks. There is little evidence that high-protein diets and moderate creatine supplementation pose risks to individuals with normal kidney function though long-term high protein intake in those with underlying impairment of kidney function is inadvisable. The links between anabolic androgenic steroid use and FSGS are stronger, and there are undoubted dangers of nephrocalcinosis in those taking high doses of vitamins A, D and E. Dehydrating practices, including diuretic misuse, and NSAID use also carry potential risks. It is difficult to predict the effects of multiple practices carried out in concert. Investigations into subclinical kidney damage associated with these practices have rarely been undertaken. Future research is warranted to identify the clinical and subclinical harm associated with individual practices and combinations to enable appropriate and timely advice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tidmas
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Jon Brazier
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janine Hawkins
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (J.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Ken Farrington
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (J.H.); (K.F.)
- Renal Unit, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts Trust, Stevenage SG1 4AB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The aim of the article is to examine side effects of increased dietary intake of amino acids, which are commonly used as a dietary supplement. In addition to toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, attention is focused on renal and gastrointestinal tract functions, ammonia production, and consequences of a competition with other amino acids for a carrier at the cell membranes and enzymes responsible for their degradation. In alphabetic order are examined arginine, β-alanine, branched-chain amino acids, carnosine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, histidine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, leucine, and tryptophan. In the article is shown that enhanced intake of most amino acid supplements may not be risk-free and can cause a number of detrimental side effects. Further research is necessary to elucidate effects of high doses and long-term consumption of amino acid supplements on immune system, brain function, muscle protein balance, synthesis of toxic metabolites, and tumor growth and examine their suitability under certain circumstances. These include elderly, childhood, pregnancy, nursing a baby, and medical condition, such as diabetes and liver disease. Studies are also needed to examine adaptive response to a long-term intake of any substance and consequences of discontinuation of supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M HOLEČEK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu C, Tang K, Lu X, Tang J, Laghi L. An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Milk from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis by 1H-NMR. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081707. [PMID: 34441485 PMCID: PMC8394248 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry all over the world. The aim of the study was to characterize mastitic milk metabolome through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Taking advantage of the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we had the opportunity to provide quantitative information for all the metabolites identified. Fifty-four molecules were characterized, sorted mainly into the chemical groups, namely amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues. Combined with serum metabolomic investigations, several pathways were addressed to explain the mechanisms of milk metabolome variation affected by clinical mastitis, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results provide a further understanding of milk metabolome altered by clinical mastitis, which can be used as a reference for the further milk metabolome investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Kaiwei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8592-8243
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Deng Y. Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092029. [PMID: 32349282 PMCID: PMC7248702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Papukashvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-68914907
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formate is a one-carbon molecule at the crossroad between cellular and whole body metabolism, between host and microbiome metabolism, and between nutrition and toxicology. This centrality confers formate with a key role in human physiology and disease that is currently unappreciated. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the scientific literature on formate metabolism, highlighting cellular pathways, whole body metabolism, and interactions with the diet and the gut microbiome. We will discuss the relevance of formate metabolism in the context of embryonic development, cancer, obesity, immunometabolism, and neurodegeneration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We will conclude with an outlook of some open questions bringing formate metabolism into the spotlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tong J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiong B, Jiang L. Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses of Milk From Dairy Cows With Subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis-Potential Biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2547. [PMID: 31781063 PMCID: PMC6851174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem in the udders of dairy cows directly influences the flavor and quality of milk. However, to our knowledge, no published research has analyzed the complex relationship between the udder microbiome and its associated metabolism in animals with subclinical mastitis. We identified the bacterial species and measured relative population numbers in the milk of cows with subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis (GBS) and compared this information to that from the milk of healthy cows. Metabolite profiles were determined to investigate correlations between the milk microbiota and metabolic factors in healthy vs. GBS dairy cows. Six milk samples from GBS cows and six from healthy cows were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the microbial species using a MiSeq high-throughput sequencing apparatus. The metabolites present in the milk were identified by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis indicated that the metabolites were well-separated from each other in the milk samples from the two groups. GBS dramatically altered microbial diversity, and the GBS group had significantly fewer Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria than the CON group, with greater relative abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.01). Several bacterial genera, such as Streptococcus, were significantly more abundant in milk from the GBS group than in milk from the CON group, and there was a tendency for greater abundance of Turicibacter (p = 0.07) and Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.07) in the GBS group. The levels of five milk metabolites were significantly higher in the GBS group than in the CON group: phenylpyruvic acid, the homogentisic acid: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid ratio, the xanthine: guanine ratio, uridine and glycerol. Metabolic pathway analysis of the different metabolites revealed that the following were enriched in both groups: galactose metabolism; pentose and glucuronate interconversion; starch and sucrose metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; citrate cycle (TCA cycle); D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; and the neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis pathways. Several typical metabolites were highly correlated with specific ruminal bacteria, such as Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae and Corynebacteriaceae, demonstrating the functional correlations between the milk microbiome and associated metabolites. These findings revealed that the milk microbiota and metabolite profiles were significantly different between the two groups of cows, raising the question of whether the microbiota associated with the bovine mammary gland could be related to mammary gland health. There was also a relationship between milk quality and the presence of spoilage bacteria. Other bacterial taxa should be investigated, as related information may provide insights into how perturbations in milk metabolomics profiles relate to differences in milk synthesis between healthy cows and those with subclinical mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carpéné C, Mauriège P, Boulet N, Biron S, Grolleau JL, Garcia-Barrado MJ, Iglesias-Osma MC. Methylamine Activates Glucose Uptake in Human Adipocytes Without Overpassing Action of Insulin or Stimulating its Secretion in Pancreatic Islets. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030089. [PMID: 31409018 PMCID: PMC6789716 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methylamine, a natural soluble amine present in foods, is known to be a substrate of primary amine oxidase (PrAO) widely expressed in animal tissues. Methylamine has been reported to activate glucose transport in fat cells and to facilitate glucose disposal in rabbits but the interests and limits of such insulin-mimicking actions have not been further explored. This work aimed to perform a preclinical study of the inter-individual variations of these biological properties to study the putative link between PrAO activity and insulin resistance. Methods: Methylamine was tested on human adipocyte preparations and in rabbit pancreatic islets to determine its influence on glucose uptake and insulin release, respectively. PrAO activity and related responses were determined in adipose tissues obtained from two cohorts of non-obese and obese women. Results: Adipose tissue PrAO activity was negatively correlated with insulin resistance in high-risk obese women. PrAO-dependent activation of glucose uptake was negatively correlated with body mass index and reflected the decrease of insulin responsiveness of human fat cells with increasing obesity. Methylamine exhibited antilipolytic properties in adipocytes but was unable to directly activate insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Conclusions: PrAO activation by its substrates, e.g., methylamine, increases glucose utilization in human adipocytes in a manner that is linked to insulin responsiveness. Methylamine/PrAO interaction can therefore contribute to adipose tissue enlargement but should be considered as potentially useful for diabetes prevention since it could limit lipotoxicity and facilitate glucose handling, at the expense of favoring healthy fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France.
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Biron
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | | | - Maria José Garcia-Barrado
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riesberg LA, McDonald TL, Wang Y, Chen XM, Holzmer SW, Tracy SM, Drescher KM. Creatinine downregulates TNF-α in macrophage and T cell lines. Cytokine 2018; 110:29-38. [PMID: 29698843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine is the breakdown product of creatine, a key participant in the generation of ATP and is traditionally considered to be a biologically inert waste product. Based on our earlier work, we analyzed the effects of creatinine hydrochloride on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in a human T cell line, as well as human and mouse macrophage cell lines. Exposing cells to creatinine hydrochloride significantly reduced TNF-α mRNA and protein levels compared to control-treated cultures in all cell lines tested. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inducer of inflammation, was employed with in mouse macrophage cell lines to induce high levels of TNF-α in order to determine whether creatinine hydrochloride could reduce preexisting inflammation. Cells treated with LPS and creatinine hydrochloride had significantly reduced TNF-α levels compared to cells treated with LPS alone. As the NF-κB signaling pathway represents a major mechanism of TNF-α generation, nuclear extracts were examined for NF-κB pathway activation. Cells exposed to CRN had significantly lower levels of NF-κB in the nucleus compared to control-treated cells. Together, these results support the hypothesis that CRN can alter anti-inflammatory responses by interfering with the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Riesberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Thomas L McDonald
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Stephanie W Holzmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Steven M Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Kristen M Drescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun HZ, Shi K, Wu XH, Xue MY, Wei ZH, Liu JX, Liu HY. Lactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids' metabolomics relationships in dairy cows. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:936. [PMID: 29197344 PMCID: PMC5712200 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactation is extremely important for dairy cows; however, the understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms is very limited. This study was conducted to investigate the inherent metabolic patterns during lactation using the overall biofluid metabolomics and the metabolic differences from non-lactation periods, as determined using partial tissue-metabolomics. We analyzed the metabolomic profiles of four biofluids (rumen fluid, serum, milk and urine) and their relationships in six mid-lactation Holstein cows and compared their mammary gland (MG) metabolomic profiles with those of six non-lactating cows by using gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. Results In total, 33 metabolites were shared among the four biofluids, and 274 metabolites were identified in the MG tissues. The sub-clusters of the hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the rumen fluid and serum metabolomics profiles were grouped together and highly correlated but were separate from those for milk. Urine had the most different profile compared to the other three biofluids. Creatine was identified as the most different metabolite among the four biofluids (VIP = 1.537). Five metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), glycerolipid metabolism, and aspartate metabolism, showed the most functional enrichment among the four biofluids (false discovery rate < 0.05, fold enrichment >2). Clear discriminations were observed in the MG metabolomics profiles between the lactating and non-lactating cows, with 54 metabolites having a significantly higher abundance (P < 0.05, VIP > 1) in the lactation group. Lactobionic acid, citric acid, orotic acid and oxamide were extracted by the S-plot as potential biomarkers of the metabolic difference between lactation and non-lactation. The TCA cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutamate metabolism and glycine metabolism were determined to be pathways that were significantly impacted (P < 0.01, impact value >0.1) in the lactation group. Among them, the TCA cycle was the most up-regulated pathway (P < 0.0001), with 7 of the 10 related metabolites increased in the MG tissues of the lactating cows. Conclusions The overall biofluid and MG tissue metabolic mechanisms in the lactating cows were interpreted in this study. Our findings are the first to provide an integrated insight and a better understanding of the metabolic mechanism of lactation, which is beneficial for developing regulated strategies to improve the metabolic status of lactating dairy cows. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4314-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shi
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hui Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xue
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hai Wei
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jacob J, Gopi S, Divya C. A Randomized Single Dose Parallel Study on Enhancement of Nitric Oxide in Serum and Saliva with the Use of Natural Sports Supplement in Healthy Adults. J Diet Suppl 2017. [PMID: 28641022 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1331944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sports supplements that stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) are widely promoted agents in the sports nutrition domain, and nitric oxide plays an important role to enhance the cardiovascular and physical fitness of the sports participants. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether oral intake of a sports nutritional supplement (Fitnox) is able to increase nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) levels in blood serum and saliva of healthy adults. Fitnox is a unique blend of Kaempferia parviflora methoxy flavones, pomegranate peel polyphenols, and Moringa oleifera leaf saponins. Twenty-four healthy male adults were equally divided and underwent the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a single oral dose of sports nutrition formulation (250 mg capsules); blood and saliva samples were analyzed at different time intervals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After administration of Fitnox (250 mg capsule as single dose), NO3- and NO2- levels in serum and saliva were found to be significantly higher (p <.05) than in the placebo group in 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf), AUC calculated to the last measured concentration (AUC0-t), maximum drug serum concentrations (Cmax), time of maximum concentration in serum observed (Tmax), and time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value (Thalf) were also statistically significant (p <.05) compared with the placebo. The results indicate that a single oral dose of Fitnox is able to increase the NO3- and NO2- levels considerably in the body relative to placebo for at least 12 hours. Therefore, Fitnox can improve the overall performance of sport participants and enhance physical endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joby Jacob
- a R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd , Kolenchery , Kerala , India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- a R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd , Kolenchery , Kerala , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Andres S, Ziegenhagen R, Trefflich I, Pevny S, Schultrich K, Braun H, Schänzer W, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Schäfer B, Lampen A. Creatine and creatine forms intended for sports nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28019093 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Creatine is a popular ergogenic supplement in sports nutrition. Yet, supplementation of creatine occasionally caused adverse effects such as gastrointestinal complaints, muscle cramps and an increase in body weight. Creatine monohydrate has already been evaluated by different competent authorities and several have come to the conclusion that a daily intake of 3 g creatine per person is unlikely to pose safety concerns, focusing on healthy adults with exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Possible vulnerable subgroups were also discussed in relation to the safety of creatine. The present review provides an up-to-date overview of the relevant information with special focus on human studies regarding the safety of creatine monohydrate and other marketed creatine forms, in particular creatine pyruvate, creatine citrate, creatine malate, creatine taurinate, creatine phosphate, creatine orotate, creatine ethyl ester, creatine pyroglutamate, creatine gluconate, and magnesium creatine chelate. Limited data are available with regard to the safety of the latter creatine forms. Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Pevny
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schultrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.,German Research Center of Elite Sport - Momentum, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Schäfer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gopi S, Jacob J, Varma K, Amalraj A, Sreeraj TR, Kunnumakkara AB, Divya C. Natural sports supplement formulation for physical endurance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
17
|
Solis MY, Hayashi AP, Artioli GG, Roschel H, Sapienza MT, Otaduy MC, De Sã Pinto AL, Silva CA, Sallum AME, Pereira RMR, Gualano B. Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in juvenile dermatomyositis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:58-66. [PMID: 25899989 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that creatine supplementation is safe and effective for treating idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, but no pediatric study has been conducted to date. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. METHODS In this study, JDM patients received placebo or creatine supplementation (0.1 g/kg/day) in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Subjects were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The primary outcome was muscle function. Secondary outcomes included body composition, aerobic conditioning, health-related quality of life, and muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) content. Safety was assessed by laboratory parameters and kidney function measurements. RESULTS Creatine supplementation did not affect muscle function, intramuscular PCr content, or any other secondary outcome. Kidney function was not affected, and no side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of creatine supplementation in JDM patients were well-tolerated and free of adverse effects, but treatment did not affect muscle function, intramuscular PCr, or any other parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hamilton Roschel
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Gualano
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pereira RTDS, Dörr FA, Pinto E, Solis MY, Artioli GG, Fernandes AL, Murai IH, Dantas WS, Seguro AC, Santinho MAR, Roschel H, Carpentier A, Poortmans JR, Gualano B. Can creatine supplementation form carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in humans? J Physiol 2015; 593:3959-71. [PMID: 26148133 DOI: 10.1113/jp270861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a long-standing concern that creatine supplementation could be associated with cancer, possibly by facilitating the formation of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HCAs). This study provides compelling evidence that both low and high doses of creatine supplementation, given either acutely or chronically, does not cause a significant increase in HCA formation. HCAs detection was unrelated to creatine supplementation. Diet was likely to be the main factor responsible for HCAs formation after either placebo (n = 6) or creatine supplementation (n = 3). These results directly challenge the recently suggested biological plausibility for the association between creatine use and risk of testicular germ cell cancer. Creatine supplementation has been associated with increased cancer risk. In fact, there is evidence indicating that creatine and/or creatinine are important precursors of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HCAs). The present study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of low- and high-dose creatine supplementation on the production of HCAs in healthy humans (i.e. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), 2-amino-(1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b])pyridine (IFP) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx)). This was a non-counterbalanced single-blind crossover study divided into two phases, in which low- and high-dose creatine protocols were tested. After acute (1 day) and chronic supplementation (30 days), the HCAs PhIP, 8-MeIQx, IFP and 4,8-DiMeIQx were assessed through a newly developed HPLC-MS/MS method. Dietary HCA intake and blood and urinary creatinine were also evaluated. Out of 576 assessments performed (from 149 urine samples), only nine (3 from creatine and 6 from placebo) showed quantifiable levels of HCAs (8-MeIQx: n = 3; 4,8-DiMeIQx: n = 2; PhIP: n = 4). Individual analyses revealed that diet rather than creatine supplementation was the main responsible factor for HCA formation in these cases. This study provides compelling evidence that both low and high doses of creatine supplementation, given either acutely or chronically, did not cause increases in the carcinogenic HCAs PhIP, 8-MeIQx, IFP and 4,8-DiMeIQx in healthy subjects. These findings challenge the long-existing notion that creatine supplementation could potentially increase the risk of cancer by stimulating the formation of these mutagens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Yazigi Solis
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Lins Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Hisashi Murai
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Silva Dantas
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hamilton Roschel
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alain Carpentier
- Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université of libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Bruno Gualano
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thevis M, Geyer H, Thomas A, Tretzel L, Bailloux I, Buisson C, Lasne F, Schaefer MS, Kienbaum P, Mueller-Stoever I, Schänzer W. Formation of the diuretic chlorazanil from the antimalarial drug proguanil--implications for sports drug testing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015. [PMID: 26226108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorazanil (Ordipan, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is a diuretic agent and as such prohibited in sport according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Despite its introduction into clinical practice in the late 1950s, the worldwide very first two adverse analytical findings were registered only in 2014, being motive for an in-depth investigation of these cases. Both individuals denied the intake of the drug; however, the athletes did declare the use of the antimalarial prophylactic agent proguanil due to temporary residences in African countries. A structural similarity between chlorazanil and proguanil is given but no direct metabolic relation has been reported in the scientific literature. Moreover, chlorazanil has not been confirmed as a drug impurity of proguanil. Proguanil however is metabolized in humans to N-(4-chlorophenyl)-biguanide, which represents a chemical precursor in the synthesis of chlorazanil. In the presence of formic acid, formaldehyde, or formic acid esters, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-biguanide converts to chlorazanil. In order to probe for potential sources of the chlorazanil detected in the doping control samples, drug formulations containing proguanil and urine samples of individuals using proguanil as antimalarial drug were subjected to liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry. In addition, in vitro simulations with 4-chlorophenyl-biguanide and respective reactants were conducted in urine and resulting specimens analyzed for the presence of chlorazanil. While no chlorazanil was found in drug formulations, the urine samples of 2 out of 4 proguanil users returned findings for chlorazanil at low ng/mL levels, similar to the adverse analytical findings in the doping control samples. Further, in the presence of formaldehyde, formic acid and related esters, 4-chlorophenyl-biguanide was found to produce chlorazanil in human urine, suggesting that the detection of the obsolete diuretic agent was indeed the result of artefact formation and not of the illicit use of a prohibited substance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Tretzel
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bailloux
- Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), 143 avenue Roger Salengro, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Corinne Buisson
- Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), 143 avenue Roger Salengro, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Francoise Lasne
- Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), 143 avenue Roger Salengro, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maximilian S Schaefer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kienbaum
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Irmela Mueller-Stoever
- Tropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Judge LW, Petersen JC, Craig BW, Hoover DL, Holtzclaw KA, Leitzelar BN, Tyner RM, Blake AS, Hindawi OS, Bellar DM. Creatine Usage and Education of Track and Field Throwers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Universities. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2034-40. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Goto M, Kitamura H, Alam MM, Ota N, Haseba T, Akimoto T, Shimizu A, Takano-Yamamoto T, Yamamoto M, Motohashi H. Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 contributes to the protection of liver from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Genes Cells 2015; 20:464-80. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Goto
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Md. Morshedul Alam
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Nao Ota
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine; Nippon Medical School; 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022 Japan
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science; Nippon Medical School; 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022 Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis; Faculty of Engineering; Soka University; 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Januszewski AS, Mason N, Karschimkus CS, Rowley KG, Best JD, O'Neal DN, Jenkins AJ. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in type 1 diabetes is related to vascular and renal function but not to glycaemia. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:262-269. [PMID: 24853908 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114532963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity with renal and vascular function, oxidative stress, glycaemia and diabetes complications were determined. METHODS Plasma SSAO activity in 94 type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, including 34 with microvascular complications T1DM CX[+], and in 96 healthy subjects (CON) was measured by production of benzaldehyde using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS SSAO activity (mean ± SD) was greater in T1DM than in CON (1049 ± 294 vs 749 ± 204 mU/L; p < 0.00001) and was higher in T1DM CX[+] vs complication-free DM subjects (1148 ± 313 mU/L vs 982 ± 269 mU/L; p = 0.01). In T1DM, SSAO activity correlated with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): r = -0.44; p = 0.0001; cystatin C: r = 0.47; p = 0.0001] and markers of inflammation [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1): r = 0.41, p = 0.0001; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1): r = 0.33, p = 0.002] and was inversely related to small artery elasticity (SAE) (r = -0.23, p = 0.03). In CON, SSAO activity correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.26; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In T1DM, SSAO activity correlates with renal dysfunction, but not with glycaemia, and may promote vascular inflammation and be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Mason
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Connie S Karschimkus
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin G Rowley
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James D Best
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Forbes SC. Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health. Endocrine 2014; 45:354-61. [PMID: 24190049 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle function and is a contributing factor for cachexia, bone loss, and frailty. Resistance training produces several physiological adaptations which improve aging musculoskeletal health, such as increased muscle and bone mass and strength. The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training may further lead to greater physiological benefits. We performed meta-analyses which indicate creatine supplementation combined with resistance training has a positive effect on aging muscle mass and upper body strength compared to resistance training alone. Creatine also shows promise for improving bone mineral density and indices of bone biology. The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training could be an effective intervention to improve aging musculoskeletal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hageböck M, Stahl U, Bader J. Stability of creatine derivatives during simulated digestion in an in vitro model. Food Funct 2013; 5:359-63. [PMID: 24366174 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed forms of creatine are often claimed to exhibit improved bioavailability and efficacy. They are of great interest for sports nutrition and therapeutic uses. However, for most newer creatine forms stability after ingestion under physiological conditions is insufficiently documented, relevant data are inconsistent or even missing. Therefore, we developed a controlled simulated digestion system for testing different creatine derivatives in specific simulated parts of the human digestive system. All derivatives showed high stability with negligible formation of creatinine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hageböck
- Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin, Seestraße 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alves CRR, Santiago BM, Lima FR, Otaduy MCG, Calich AL, Tritto ACC, de Sá Pinto AL, Roschel H, Leite CC, Benatti FB, Bonfá E, Gualano B. Creatine supplementation in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:1449-59. [PMID: 23554283 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in fibromyalgia patients. METHODS A 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Fibromyalgia patients were randomly assigned to receive either creatine monohydrate or placebo in a double-blind manner. The patients were evaluated at baseline and after 16 weeks. Muscle function, aerobic conditioning, cognitive function, quality of sleep, quality of life, kidney function, and adverse events were assessed. Muscle phosphorylcreatine content was measured through (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS After the intervention, the creatine group presented higher muscle phosphorylcreatine content when compared with the placebo group (+80.3% versus -2.7%; P = 0.04). Furthermore, the creatine group presented greater muscle strength than the placebo group in the leg press and chest press exercises (+9.8% and +1.2% for creatine versus -0.5% and -7.2% for placebo, respectively; P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Isometric strength was greater in the creatine group than in the placebo group (+6.4% versus -3.2%; P = 0.007). However, no general changes were observed in aerobic conditioning, pain, cognitive function, quality of sleep, and quality of life. Food intake remained unaltered and no side effects were reported. CONCLUSION Creatine supplementation increased intramuscular phosphorylcreatine content and improved lower- and upper-body muscle function, with minor changes in other fibromyalgia features. These findings introduce creatine supplementation as a useful dietary intervention to improve muscle function in fibromyalgia patients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Souza WM, Heck TG, Wronski EC, Ulbrich AZ, Boff E. Effects of creatine supplementation on biomarkers of hepatic and renal function in young trained rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:697-701. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.843108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive muscle weakness is a main symptom of most hereditary and acquired muscle diseases. Creatine improves muscle performance in healthy individuals. This is an update of our 2007 Cochrane review that evaluated creatine treatment in muscle disorders. Previous updates were in 2009 and 2011. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of creatine compared to placebo for the treatment of muscle weakness in muscle diseases. SEARCH METHODS On 11 September 2012, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (2012, Issue 9 in The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2012) and EMBASE (January 1980 to September 2012) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of creatine used to treat muscle diseases. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs or quasi-RCTs of creatine treatment compared to placebo in hereditary muscle diseases or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently applied the selection criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We obtained missing data from investigators. MAIN RESULTS A total of 14 trials, including 364 randomised participants, met the selection criteria. The risk of bias was low in most studies. Only one trial had a high risk of selection, performance and detection bias. No new studies were identified at this update.Meta-analysis of six trials in muscular dystrophies including 192 participants revealed a significant increase in muscle strength in the creatine group compared to placebo, with a mean difference of 8.47%; (95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.55 to 13.38). Pooled data of four trials including 115 participants showed that a significantly higher number of participants felt better during creatine treatment compared to placebo with a risk ratio of 4.51 (95% CI 2.33 to 8.74). One trial in 37 participants with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies also showed a significant improvement in functional performance. No trial reported any clinically relevant adverse event.In metabolic myopathies, meta-analyses of three cross-over trials including 33 participants revealed no significant difference in muscle strength. One trial reported a significant deterioration of activities of daily living (mean difference 0.54 on a 1 to 10 scale; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93) and an increase in muscle pain during high-dose creatine treatment in McArdle disease. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High quality evidence from RCTs shows that short- and medium-term creatine treatment increases muscle strength in muscular dystrophies. There is also evidence that creatine improves functional performance in muscular dystrophy and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Creatine is well tolerated in these people. High quality but limited evidence from RCTs does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine treatment impaired activities of daily living and increased muscle pain in McArdle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Kley
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lugaresi R, Leme M, de Salles Painelli V, Murai IH, Roschel H, Sapienza MT, Lancha Junior AH, Gualano B. Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:26. [PMID: 23680457 PMCID: PMC3661339 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function in resistance-trained individuals ingesting a high-protein diet. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. The participants were randomly allocated to receive either creatine (20 g/d for 5 d followed by 5 g/d throughout the trial) or placebo for 12 weeks. All of the participants were engaged in resistance training and consumed a high-protein diet (i.e., ≥ 1.2 g/Kg/d). Subjects were assessed at baseline (Pre) and after 12 weeks (Post). Glomerular filtration rate was measured by 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Additionally, blood samples and a 24-h urine collection were obtained for other kidney function assessments. Results No significant differences were observed for 51Cr-EDTA clearance throughout the trial (Creatine: Pre 101.42 ± 13.11, Post 108.78 ± 14.41 mL/min/1.73m2; Placebo: Pre 103.29 ± 17.64, Post 106.68 ± 16.05 mL/min/1.73m2; group x time interaction: F = 0.21, p = 0.64). Creatinine clearance, serum and urinary urea, electrolytes, proteinuria, and albuminuria remained virtually unchanged. Conclusions A 12-week creatine supplementation protocol did not affect kidney function in resistance-trained healthy individuals consuming a high-protein diet; thus reinforcing the safety of this dietary supplement. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01817673
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lugaresi
- School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Sao Paulo, Av Mello de Moraes, 65, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Percário S, Domingues SPDT, Teixeira LFM, Vieira JLF, de Vasconcelos F, Ciarrocchi DM, Almeida ED, Conte M. Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress profile of athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012; 9:56. [PMID: 23259853 PMCID: PMC3543170 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Creatine (Cr) supplementation has been widely used among athletes and physically active individuals. Secondary to its performance-enhancing ability, an increase in oxidative stress may occur, thus prompting concern about its use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Cr monohydrate supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength and oxidative stress profile in healthy athletes. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled method was used to assess twenty-six male elite Brazilian handball players divided into 3 groups: Cr monohydrate supplemented group (GC, N = 9), placebo group (GP, N = 9), no treatment group (COT, N = 8) for 32 days. All subjects underwent a resistance training program. Blood samples were drawn on 0 and 32 days post Cr supplementation to analyze the oxidative stress markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and uric acid. Creatine phosphokinase, urea, and creatinine were also analyzed, as well. Fitness tests (1 repetition maximum - 1RM and muscle endurance) were performed on the bench press. Body weight and height, body fat percentage (by measuring skin folds) and upper muscular area were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results Only GC group showed increase in 1RM (54 ± 9 vs. 63 ± 10 kg; p = 0.0356) and uric acid (4.6 ± 1.0 vs. 7.4 ± 1.6 mg/dl; p = 0.025), with a decrease in TAS (1.11 ± 0.34 vs. 0.60 ± 0.19 mmol/l; p = 0.001). No differences (pre- vs. post-training) in TBARS, creatine phosphokinase, urea, creatinine, body weight and height, body fat percentage, or upper muscular area were observed in any group. When compared to COT, GC group showed greater decrease in TAS (−0.51 ± 0.36 vs. -0.02 ± 0.50 mmol/l; p = 0.0268), higher increase in 1RM (8.30 ± 2.26 vs. 5.29 ± 2.36 kg; p = 0.0209) and uric acid (2.77 ± 1.70 vs. 1.00 ± 1.03 mg/dl; p = 0.0276). Conclusion We conclude that Cr monohydrate supplementation associated with a specific resistance program promoted a meaningful increase in muscle strength without inducing changes in body composition. The observed significant increase in uric acid and the decrease in TAS suggest that creatine supplementation, despite promoting acute effects on muscle strength improvement, might induce oxidative stress and decreases total antioxidant status of subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Percário
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Mao J, Yu PH, Xiao S. A micro trapping system coupled with a high performance liquid chromatography procedure for methylamine determination in both tissue and cigarette smoke. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Effect of short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation on indirect markers of cellular damage in young soccer players. Sci Sports 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Gualano B, Roschel H, Lancha AH, Brightbill CE, Rawson ES. In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids 2011; 43:519-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Carvalho APPF, Molina GE, Fontana KE. Suplementação com creatina associada ao treinamento resistido não altera as funções renal e hepática. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922011000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A creatina é o suplemento nutricional mais popular utilizado para melhorar o desempenho em atividades que envolvem exercícios de curta duração e alta intensidade. Porém, as possíveis intercorrências advindas do seu uso não estão totalmente elucidadas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de duas dosagens de suplementação com creatina nas funções renal e hepática de adultos saudáveis durante oito semanas de treinamento de musculação. Exames bioquímicos foram realizados em 35 praticantes de musculação distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, placebo (PLA, n = 12), creatina (CRE1, n = 12) e creatina 2 (CRE2, n = 11), antes e após oito semanas de treinamento com exercícios resistidos. Em desenho duplo-cego, os voluntários foram suplementados (20g/dia) com creatina (CRE1 e CRE2) ou placebo (PLA) por sete dias e nos 53 dias subsequentes com 0,03g/kg de massa corporal de creatina (CRE1) e placebo (PLA) e com 5g/dia o grupo CRE2. Não houve intervenção na composição de suas dietas, que foram registradas e analisadas. Os resultados dos exames bioquímicos realizados permaneceram dentro das faixas de normalidade. Os valores de creatinina aumentaram 12,2% no grupo CRE1 e 9,0%, no CRE2, enquanto que no grupo PLA diminuiu 4,7%, entretanto, esses valores não ultrapassaram os índices de normalidade. Os valores dos exames da função hepática diminuíram em quase todas as frações, em todos os tratamentos, contudo, sem significância estatística. Conclui-se que a suplementação com creatina nas dosagens utilizadas (0,03g/kg e 5g/dia) para indivíduos saudáveis por oito semanas não altera a função hepática ou renal, sendo assim, nas condições deste estudo, foi considerada segura.
Collapse
|
35
|
Neves M, Gualano B, Roschel H, Lima FR, Lúcia de Sá-Pinto A, Seguro AC, Shimizu MH, Sapienza MT, Fuller R, Lancha AH, Bonfá E. Effect of creatine supplementation on measured glomerular filtration rate in postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:419-22. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether creatine supplementation affects the measured glomerular filtration rate in postmenopausal women (age, 58 ± 3 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either creatine (20 g·day–1 for 1 week and 5 g·day–1 thereafter) or a placebo. Kidney function was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. [51Cr]EDTA clearance remained unchanged (CR-PRE: 86.16 ± 14.36 mL·min–1 per 1.73 m2, POST: 87.25 ± 17.60 mL·min–1 per 1.73 m2; PL-PRE: 85.15 ± 8.54 mL·min–1 per 1.73 m2, POST: 87.18 ± 9.64 mL·min–1 per 1.73 m2; p = 0.81). Thus, we concluded that creatine supplementation does not affect glomerular filtration rate in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Neves
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Lima
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia de Sá-Pinto
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Heloisa Shimizu
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fuller
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Bonfá
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids 2011; 40:1409-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive muscle weakness is a main symptom of most hereditary and acquired muscle diseases. Creatine improves muscle performance in healthy individuals. This is an update of our 2007 Cochrane review that evaluated creatine treatment in muscle disorders. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of creatine compared to placebo for the treatment of muscle weakness in muscle diseases. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (4 October 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (11 October 2010, Issue 4, 2010 in The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2010) and EMBASE (January 1980 to September 2010) for randomised controlled trials (RCT) of creatine used to treat muscle diseases. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs or quasi-RCTs of creatine treatment compared to placebo in hereditary muscle diseases or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently applied the selection criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We obtained missing data from investigators. MAIN RESULTS The updated searches identified two new studies. A total of 14 trials, including 364 randomised participants, met the selection criteria. Meta-analysis of six trials in muscular dystrophies including 192 participants revealed a significant increase in muscle strength in the creatine group compared to placebo, with a weighted mean difference of 8.47%; (95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.55 to 13.38). Pooled data of four trials including 115 participants showed that a significantly higher number of patients felt better during creatine treatment compared to placebo with a risk ratio of 4.51 (95% CI 2.33 to 8.74). One trial in 37 participants with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies also showed a significant improvement in functional performance. No trial reported any clinically relevant adverse event. In metabolic myopathies, meta-analyses of three cross-over trials including 33 participants revealed no significant difference in muscle strength. One trial reported a significant deterioration of ADL (mean difference 0.54 on a 1 to 10 scale; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93) and an increase in muscle pain during high-dose creatine treatment in McArdle disease. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High quality evidence from RCTs shows that short- and medium-term creatine treatment increases muscle strength in muscular dystrophies. There is also evidence that creatine improves functional performance in muscular dystrophy and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Creatine is well tolerated in these people. High quality but limited evidence from RCTs does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine treatment impaired ADL and increased muscle pain in McArdle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Kley
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany, 44789
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gualano B, de Salles Painelli V, Roschel H, Lugaresi R, Dorea E, Artioli GG, Lima FR, da Silva MER, Cunha MR, Seguro AC, Shimizu MH, Otaduy MCG, Sapienza MT, da Costa Leite C, Bonfá E, Lancha Junior AH. Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:749-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Quan Z, Ponda M, Melamed M, Raff A, Berman N, Scherer J, Bitzer M, Meyer T, Hostetter T. Derivatization of Methylamine and Ethylamine Followed by LC and Fluorescence Detection for Measurement of Urinary Clearance. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
40
|
Gualano B, Ferreira DC, Sapienza MT, Seguro AC, Lancha AH. Effect of short-term high-dose creatine supplementation on measured GFR in a young man with a single kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55:e7-9. [PMID: 20060630 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It currently is unknown whether creatine supplementation is safe for people with or at risk of kidney disease. We report on the short-term effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function in a young man with a single kidney and mildly decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A 20-year-old man who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy and presented with mildly decreased GFR without kidney damage underwent a trial with 35 days of creatine supplementation (20 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d for the next 30 days) and had his kidney function monitored. After the intervention, (51)Cr-EDTA clearance (pre, 81.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2); post, 82.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), proteinuria (protein excretion: pre, 130 mg/d; post, 120 mg/d), and electrolyte levels were unchanged. Albuminuria, serum urea level, and estimated creatinine clearance were decreased (pre, 4.6 mg/d; post, 2.9 mg/d; pre, 37 mg/d; post, 28 mg/dL; and pre, 88 mL/min/1.73 m(2); post, 71 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively), whereas serum creatinine level was slightly increased (pre, 1.03 mg/dL; post, 1.27 mg/dL), falsely suggesting kidney function impairment. This prospective report suggests that short-term creatine supplementation may not affect kidney function in an individual with a single kidney, mild decreased GFR, and ingesting a high-protein diet (ie, 2.8 g/kg/d). This finding has great relevance considering that creatine-induced kidney disease has been a growing concern, even for healthy people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
CONTEXT Allegations about side effects of creatine supplementation by athletes have been published in the popular media and scientific publications. PURPOSE To examine the experimental evidence relating to the physiological effects of creatine supplementation. RESULTS One of the purported effects of oral creatine supplementation is increased muscle mass. A review of the literature reveals a 1.0% to 2.3% increase in body mass, which is attributed to fat-free mass and, more specifically, to skeletal-muscle mass. Although it is unlikely that water retention can completely explain these changes, increase in muscle-protein synthesis has never been observed after creatine supplementation. Indirect evidence based on mRNA analyses suggests that transcription of certain genes is enhanced. Although the effect of creatine on muscle-protein synthesis seems irrefutable according to advertising, this allegation remains under debate in the scientific literature. The kidneys appear to maintain their functionality in healthy subjects who supplement with creatine, even over several months. CONCLUSION The authors, however, think that creatine supplementation should not be used by an individual with preexisting renal disease and that risk should be evaluated before and during any supplementation period. Even if there is a slight increase in mutagenic agents (methylamine and formaldehyde) in urine after a heavy load of creatine (20 g/day), their excretion remains within a normal range. No data are currently available regarding the potential production of heterocyclic amines with creatine supplementation. In summary, the major risk for health is probably associated with the purity of commercially available creatine.
Collapse
|
42
|
Candow DG, Little JP, Chilibeck PD, Abeysekara S, Zello GA, Kazachkov M, Cornish SM, Yu PH. Low-dose creatine combined with protein during resistance training in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 40:1645-52. [PMID: 18685526 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318176b310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether low-dose creatine and protein supplementation during resistance training (RT; 3 d x wk(-1); 10 wk) in older men (59-77 yr) is effective for improving strength and muscle mass without producing potentially cytotoxic metabolites (formaldehyde). METHODS Older men were randomized (double-blind) to receive 0.1 g x kg(-1) creatine + 0.3 g x kg(-1) protein (CP; n = 10), creatine (C; n = 13), or placebo (PLA; n = 12) on training days. Measurements before and after RT included lean tissue mass (air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (ultrasound) of elbow, knee, and ankle flexors and extensors, leg and bench press strength, and urinary indicators of cytotoxicity (formaldehyde), myofibrillar protein degradation [3-methylhistidine (3-MH)],and bone resorption [cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx)]. RESULTS Subjects in C and CP groups combined experienced greater increases in body mass and total muscle thickness than PLA (P < 0.05). Subjects who received CP increased lean tissue mass (+5.6%) more than C (+2.2%) or PLA (+1.0%; P < 0.05) and increased bench press strength (+25%) to a greater extent than C and PLA combined (+12.5%; P < 0.05). CP and C did not differ from PLA for changes in formaldehyde production (+24% each). Subjects receiving creatine (C and CP) experienced a decrease in 3-MH by 40% compared with an increase of 29% for PLA (P < 0.05) and a reduction in NTx (-27%) versus PLA (+13%; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose creatine combined with protein supplementation increases lean tissue mass and results in a greater relative increase in bench press but not leg press strength. Low-dose creatine reduces muscle protein degradation and bone resorption without increasing formaldehyde production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sale C, Harris RC, Florance J, Kumps A, Sanvura R, Poortmans JR. Urinary creatine and methylamine excretion following 4 × 5 g · day−1or 20 × 1 g · day−1of creatine monohydrate for 5 days. J Sports Sci 2009; 27:759-66. [DOI: 10.1080/02640410902838237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
44
|
Gualano B, Artioli GG, Poortmans JR, Lancha Junior AH. Exploring the therapeutic role of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids 2009; 38:31-44. [PMID: 19253023 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) plays a central role in energy provision through a reaction catalyzed by phosphorylcreatine kinase. Furthermore, this amine enhances both gene expression and satellite cell activation involved in hypertrophic response. Recent findings have indicated that Cr supplementation has a therapeutic role in several diseases characterized by atrophic conditions, weakness, and metabolic disturbances (i.e., in the muscle, bone, lung, and brain). Accordingly, there has been an evidence indicating that Cr supplementation is capable of attenuating the degenerative state in some muscle disorders (i.e., Duchenne and inflammatory myopathies), central nervous diseases (i.e., Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's), and bone and metabolic disturbances (i.e., osteoporosis and type II diabetes). In light of this, Cr supplementation could be used as a therapeutic tool for the elderly. The aim of this review is to summarize the main studies conducted in this field and to highlight the scientific and clinical perspectives of this promising therapeutic supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Seguro AC, Lancha Junior AH. A suplementação de creatina prejudica a função renal? REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enquanto o consumo de creatina por atletas e praticantes de atividade física tem crescido vertiginosamente, os efeitos adversos desse suplemento continuam sendo alvos de calorosos debates científicos, sobretudo no que se refere à função renal. O objetivo dessa revisão é descrever as falhas metodológicas e lacunas na literatura, que contribuem para a divergência do tema. Relatos de caso sugerem que a creatina é um potencial agente nefrotóxico. Em contrapartida, estudos longitudinais, embora possuam diversas limitações, indicam o oposto. Pesquisas com humanos não demonstram efeitos deletérios da suplementação de creatina à função renal, porém a falta de controle experimental e o caráter retrospectivo da maioria delas comprometem as conclusões dos autores. Já os estudos experimentais com ratos empregam bons marcadores de função renal e possuem controle de variáveis satisfatório. Contudo, os resultados destes são contraditórios. Estudos futuros devem investigar os efeitos da suplementação de creatina em diversas patologias renais, assim como em idosos, diabéticos do tipo 2 e hipertensos, cuja propensão a nefropatia é bem descrita. Não há evidências de que a suplementação de creatina prejudique a função renal em sujeitos saudáveis, quando consumida na dosagem preconizada. Diante disso, questiona-se a legitimidade científica da proibição do comércio de creatina no Brasil.
Collapse
|
47
|
Vieira RDP, França RF, Carvalho CRFD, Dolhnikoff M, Ribeiro W, Martins RÁBL. Efeitos da suplementação oral com creatina sobre o metabolismo e a morfologia hepática em ratos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A creatina é uma amina nitrogenada e tem sido utilizada principalmente por atletas e praticantes de atividade física que desejam aumentar a massa muscular e o desempenho físico. Entretanto seu uso não está somente relacionado à prática esportiva, pois inúmeros trabalhos apresentam efeitos benéficos na prática médica. Alguns estudos demonstraram que a suplementação oral com creatina resulta em aumento da sua biodisponibilidade plasmática e também de seus estoques em inúmeros órgãos. Entretanto, estudos sobre possíveis efeitos tóxicos da suplementação com creatina são escassos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos da suplementação oral com creatina sobre a função e morfologia hepáticas em ratos após 14 dias de suplementação oral com creatina na dose de 0.5 g/kg/dia. A função hepática foi avaliada através de testes bioquímicos e a estrutura hepática foi avaliada através da massa hepática relativa e da análise histológica. Os resultados demonstraram que 14 dias de suplementação com creatina não alteraram a função hepática quando comparado os grupos controle e suplementado: AST (39.5 x 44.4 U/L), ALT (18.6 x 30.8 U/L), ALP (38.5 x 31.4 U/L), GGT (134.8 x 143.8 U/L), proteínas totais (5.1 x 5.5 g/dl), triglicérides (141.0 x 141.0 mg/dl), colesterol total (130.1 x 126.2 mg/dl), colesterol LDL (36.1 x 36.1 mg/dl), colesterol HDL (65.6 x 62.4 mg/dl), colesterol VLDL (25.0 x 28.0 mg/dl), e também estrutura hepática, exceto nos níveis plasmáticos de albumina (3.0 x 3.5 mg/dl - p<0.02). Nossos resultados demonstraram claramente que, ao menos na dose utilizada, a suplementação oral com creatina não induziu a nenhum tipo de efeito tóxico sobre o fígado.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, Artioli GG, Shimizu MH, Seguro AC, Harris RC, Lancha AH. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103:33-40. [PMID: 18188581 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Creatine (CR) supplementation is commonly used by athletes. However, its effects on renal function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on renal function in healthy sedentary males (18-35 years old) submitted to exercise training. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Subjects (n = 18) were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either creatine (CR) ( approximately 10 g day(-1) over 3 months) or placebo (PL) (dextrose). All subjects undertook moderate intensity aerobic training, in three 40-min sessions per week, during 3 months. Serum creatinine, serum and urinary sodium and potassium were determined at baseline and at the end of the study. Cystatin C was assessed prior to training (PRE), after 4 (POST 4) and 12 weeks (POST 12). Cystatin C levels (mg L(-1)) (PRE CR: 0.82 +/- 0.09; PL: 0.88 +/- 0.07 vs. POST 12 CR: 0.71 +/- 0.06; PL: 0.75 +/- 0.09, P = 0.0001) were decreased over time, suggesting an increase in glomerular filtration rate. Serum creatinine decreased with training in PL but was unchanged with training in CR. No significant differences were observed within or between groups in other parameters investigated. The decrease in cystatin C indicates that high-dose creatine supplementation over 3 months does not provoke any renal dysfunction in healthy males undergoing aerobic training. In addition, the results suggest that moderate aerobic training per se may improve renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Deldicque L, Décombaz J, Zbinden Foncea H, Vuichoud J, Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Kinetics of creatine ingested as a food ingredient. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 102:133-43. [PMID: 17851680 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test if the consumption of creatine incorporated in food bars modifies creatine plasma kinetics, erythrocyte retention and loss in urine and in feces when compared with its consumption in the form of an aqueous solution (AS). Seventeen healthy young men ingested 2 g creatine either in the form of AS, or incorporated in a protein (PP)- or in a beta-glucan (BG)-rich food bar. Kinetics of plasma creatine was measured for 8-h duration and urinary excretion for 24 h. Then, the subjects received the same treatment thrice a day for 1 week at the end of which creatine contents were determined in erythrocytes and in feces (n = 4 for feces). The three crossover treatments were interspaced by a 40 +/- 1.2-day wash-out. Absorption of creatine was slowed down by 8-fold in the presence of BG (P < 0.001) and by 4-fold with PP (P < 0.001) whereas the velocity rate constant of elimination and the area under the curve were not modified. Urinary loss of creatine in the first 24 h following ingestion was 15 +/- 1.9% in AS and 14 +/- 2.2% in PP conditions (NS), whereas it was only 8 +/- 1.2% with BG (P = 0.004). Increase in creatine concentration in erythrocyte was similar in whatever form the creatine was ingested. Creatine seems to be totally absorbed since no creatine or creatinine was detectable in feces. No side effects were reported. In conclusion, ingestion of creatine combined with BG facilitates its retention by slowing down its absorption rate and reducing its urinary excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Deldicque
- Institut d'Education physique et de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Buford TW, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Greenwood M, Campbell B, Spano M, Ziegenfuss T, Lopez H, Landis J, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2007; 4:6. [PMID: 17908288 PMCID: PMC2048496 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Mike Greenwood
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Bill Campbell
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Marie Spano
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Tim Ziegenfuss
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Hector Lopez
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Jamie Landis
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- International Society of Sports Nutrition, 600 Pembrook Drive, Woodland Park, CO 80863, USA
| |
Collapse
|