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Nield L, Thelwell M, Chan A, Choppin S, Marshall S. Patient perceptions of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging technology and traditional methods used to assess anthropometry. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2024; 9:100100. [PMID: 38357215 PMCID: PMC10865393 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Obesity and overweight are commonplace, yet attrition rates in weight management clinics are high. Traditional methods of body measurement may be a deterrent due to invasive and time-consuming measurements and negative experiences of how data are presented back to individuals. Emerging new technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging technology, might provide a suitable alternative. This study aimed to understand acceptability of traditional and 3D surface imaging-based body measures, and whether perceptions differ between population groups. Methods This study used a questionnaire to explore body image, body measurement and shape, followed by a qualitative semi-structured interview and first-hand experience of traditional and 3D surface imaging-based body measures. Results 49 participants responded to the questionnaire and 26 participants attended for the body measurements and interview over a 2-month period. There were 3 main themes from the qualitative data 1) Use of technology, 2) Participant experience, expectations and perceptions and 3) Perceived benefits and uses. Conclusion From this study, 3D-surface imaging appeared to be acceptable to patients as a method for anthropometric measurements, which may reduce anxiety and improve attrition rates in some populations. Further work is required to understand the scalability, and the role and implications of these technologies in weight management practice. (University Research Ethics Committee reference number ER41719941).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nield
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - Michael Thelwell
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - Audrey Chan
- Sheffield Business School, City Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Simon Choppin
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - Steven Marshall
- Sheffield Business School, City Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
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2
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Joseph GB, Takakusagi M, Arcilla G, Lynch JA, Pedoia V, Majumdar S, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, McCulloch CE, Link TM. Associations between weight change, knee subcutaneous fat and cartilage thickness in overweight and obese individuals: 4-Year data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1515-1523. [PMID: 37574110 PMCID: PMC10848315 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess (i) the impact of changes in body weight on changes in joint-adjacent subcutaneous fat (SCF) and cartilage thickness over 4 years and (ii) the relation between changes in joint-adjacent SCF and knee cartilage thickness. DESIGN Individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (total=399) with > 10% weight gain (n=100) and > 10% weight loss (n=100) over 4 years were compared to a matched control cohort with less than 3% change in weight (n=199). 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the right knee was performed at baseline and after 4 years to quantify joint-adjacent SCF and cartilage thickness. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the (i) weight change group and 4-year changes in both knee SCF and cartilage thickness, and (ii) 4-year changes in knee SCF and in cartilage thickness. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, baseline body mass index (BMI), tibial diameter (and weight change group in analysis (ii)). RESULTS Individuals who lost weight over 4-years had significantly less joint-adjacent SCF (beta range, medial/lateral joint sides: 2.2-4.2 mm, p < 0.001) than controls; individuals who gained weight had significantly greater joint-adjacent SCF than controls (beta range: -1.4 to -3.9 mm, p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations were found between weight change and cartilage thickness change. However, increases in joint-adjacent SCF over 4 years were significantly associated with decreases in cartilage thickness (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Weight change was associated with joint-adjacent SCF, but not with change in cartilage thickness. However, 4-year increases in joint-adjacent SCF were associated with decreases in cartilage thickness independent of baseline BMI and weight change group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabby B Joseph
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Melia Takakusagi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Gino Arcilla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - John A Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Rheumatology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Michael C Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Thomas M Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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Brobakken MF, Krogsæter I, Helgerud J, Wang E, Hoff J. Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise reveals spot reduction exists: A randomized controlled trial. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15853. [PMID: 38010201 PMCID: PMC10680576 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of spot reduction, exercise-induced local body fat reduction, has been debated for half a century. Although the evidence is equivocal, no study has applied aerobic endurance training closely matching interventions for energy expenditure. Sixteen overweight (BMI: 29.8 ± 3.3(SD) kg m-2 ) males (43 ± 9 years) were randomized to: (1) abdominal endurance exercise (AG), combining treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 min) with 4 × 4 min (30%-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 min), 4 days⋅week-1 for 10 weeks; or (2) control group (CG) performing only treadmill running (45 min) at 70% HRmax . Local fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), along with 1RM, and pulmonary oxygen uptake (to control energy expenditure during training). Trunk fat mass decreased more (697 g, 3%, p < 0.05) in AG (1170 ± 1093 g, 7%; p < 0.05) than in CG (no change). Total fat mass (AG: 1705 ± 1179 g, 6%; CG: 1134 ± 731 g, 5%; both p < 0.01) and body weight (AG: 1.2 ± 1.2 kg, 1%, p < 0.05; CG: 2.3 ± 0.9 kg, 3%, p < 0.01) decreased similarly in AG/CG. Torso rotation (AG: 32 ± 16 kg, 39%, p < 0.01; CG: no change) and abdominal crunch 1RM (AG: 35 ± 16 kg, 36%, p < 0.01; CG: 13 ± 12 kg, 17%, p < 0.05) increased more (p < 0.05/0.01) in AG than CG. Abdominal endurance exercise utilized more local fat than treadmill running, indicating that spot reduction exists in adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Forsberg Brobakken
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social CareMolde University CollegeMoldeNorway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry ClinicSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Iben Krogsæter
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation ClinicTrondheimNorway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social CareMolde University CollegeMoldeNorway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry ClinicSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Jan Hoff
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation ClinicTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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Peos JJ, Ong J, Fournier PA. Effects of repeated use of a commercial topical lotion on subcutaneous fat thickness in resistance-trained male athletes. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:255-261. [PMID: 35174607 PMCID: PMC10078737 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether subcutaneous fat loss is enhanced via application of a popular topical fat loss lotion. Twenty resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age of 26.3 ± 6.3 years and weight of 86.8 ± 11.1 kg) had a topical fat-loss lotion containing Coleus forskholii, Silybin, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Paullinia cupana seed, caffeine, and black pepper essential oil applied twice daily for 8 weeks to the front and lateral thigh of one of the participant's leg, and a placebo control lotion was applied to the same sites on the other leg. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the placebo and treatment legs for the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the front thigh (p = 0.73) or for leg fat percentage (p = 0.52). However, there was a slight, yet significant difference in the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the lateral thigh favoring the treatment leg (-0.42 vs +0.75 mm, p = 0.029), but with this difference disappearing depending on the statistical tests being used. Only 2/19 participants perceived a difference in fat loss in response to each condition. Although the topical lotion tested here resulted in statistically significantly greater subcutaneous fat loss at the lateral but not front thigh, this effect was very small, contingent upon the statistical test being used, and unperceivable by the participants themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson J Peos
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sports Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian Ong
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sports Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sports Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
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Benefits of adding food education sessions to an exercise programme on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e59. [PMID: 34422261 PMCID: PMC8358841 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of adding food education sessions to an exercise programme on cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a randomised parallel-group study was performed. Glycated haemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass (FM) and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and after 9 months. The recruitment was made in three primary healthcare centres from Vila Real, Portugal. Thirty-three patients (65⋅4 ± 5⋅9 years old) were engaged in a 9-month community-based lifestyle intervention programme: a supervised exercise programme (EX; n = 15; combined aerobic, resistance, agility/balance and flexibility exercise; three sessions per week; 75 min per session); or the same exercise programme plus concomitant food education sessions (EXFE; n = 18; 15-min lectures and dual-task strategies during exercise (answer nutrition questions while walking); 16 weeks). Significant differences between groups were identified in the evolution of BMI (P < 0.001, ) and FM (P < 0.001, ), with best improvements observed in the EXFE group. The addition of a simple food education dietary intervention to an exercise programme improved body weight and composition, but not glycaemic control and blood pressure in middle-aged and older patients with T2D.
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Cai L, Yin J, Ma X, Mo Y, Li C, Lu W, Bao Y, Zhou J, Jia W. Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized clinical trial. Front Med 2021; 15:460-471. [PMID: 34185279 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments and exercise, are important for obesity management. This study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or exercise is more effective in metabolism improvement. Forty-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group (n = 22) and an exercise group (EX, n = 23). The subjects either adopted LCD (carbohydrate intake < 50 g/day) or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise (⩾ 30 min/day) for 3 weeks. After the interventions, LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX ( - 3.56 ± 0.37 kg vs. - 1.24 ± 0.39 kg, P < 0.001), as well as a larger reduction in fat mass ( - 2.10 ± 0.18 kg vs. - 1.25 ± 0.24 kg, P = 0.007) and waist circumference ( - 5.25 ± 0.52 cm vs. - 3.45 ± 0.38 cm, P = 0.008). Both interventions reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat and improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Triglycerides decreased in both two groups, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the LCD group but decreased in the EX group. Various glycemic parameters, including serum glycated albumin, mean sensor glucose, coefficient of variability (CV), and largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, substantially declined in the LCD group. Only CV slightly decreased after exercise. This pilot study suggested that the effects of LCD and exercise are similar in alleviating liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Compared with exercise, LCD might be more efficient for weight loss and glucose homeostasis in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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7
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Paoli A, Casolo A, Saoncella M, Bertaggia C, Fantin M, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Moro T. Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the "Spot Reduction". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3845. [PMID: 33917584 PMCID: PMC8038840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. METHODS Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. RESULTS SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrea Casolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Matteo Saoncella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Carlo Bertaggia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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8
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Hill EC, Housh TJ, Keller JL, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The validity of the EMG and MMG techniques to examine muscle hypertrophy. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:025009. [PMID: 30736032 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ability of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude versus torque relationships to track group and individual changes in muscle hypertrophy as a result of resistance training. APPROACH Twelve women performed four weeks of forearm flexion blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance training at a frequency of three times per week. The training was performed at an isokinetic velocity of 120° · s-1 with a training load that corresponded to 30% of concentric peak torque. Muscle hypertrophy was determined using ultrasound-based assessments of muscle cross-sectional area from the biceps brachii. Training-induced changes in the slope coefficients of the EMG amplitude and MMG amplitude versus torque relationships were determined from the biceps brachii during incremental (10%-100% of maximum) isometric muscle actions. MAIN RESULTS There was a significant (p < 0.001; d = 2.15) mean training-induced increase in muscle cross-sectional area from 0 week (mean ± SD = 5.86 ± 0.65 cm2) to 4 weeks (7.42 ± 0.80 cm2), a significant (p = 0.023; d = 0.36) decrease in the EMG amplitude versus torque relationship (50.70 ± 20.41 to 43.82 ± 17.76 µV · Nm-1), but no significant (p = 0.192; d = 0.17) change in the MMG amplitude versus torque relationship (0.018 ± 0.009 to 0.020 ± 0.009 m · s-2 · Nm-1). There was, however, great variability for the individual responses for the EMG and MMG amplitude versus torque relationships. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study indicated that the EMG amplitude, but not the MMG amplitude versus torque relationship was sensitive to mean changes in muscle cross-sectional area during the early-phase of resistance training. There was, however, great variability for the individual EMG amplitude versus torque relationships that limits its application for identifying individual changes in muscle hypertrophy as a result of BFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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9
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Sanchis-Moysi J, Serrano-Sánchez JA, González-Henríquez JJ, Calbet JAL, Dorado C. Greater Reduction in Abdominal Than in Upper Arms Subcutaneous Fat in 10- to 12-Year-Old Tennis Players: A Volumetric MRI Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:345. [PMID: 31482077 PMCID: PMC6710407 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the impact of long term participation in sports and subcutaneous fat volume in children. This study aimed at determining whether tennis participation is associated with lower subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATv) in the abdominal and upper extremities in children. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the SATv stored in the abdominal region and upper arms in seven tennis players and seven inactive children matched by height and age (147 cm and 10.9 years). All participants were in Tanner stage 1 or 2. Results: Playing tennis was associated with 48% (P = 0.001) lower abdominal SATv and 17-18% (P > 0.05) lower upper arms SATv compared to controls. The ratio between abdominal/upper arms SATv was larger in the controls vs. tennis players (69% P = 0.001). The SATv was similar in the dominant and non-dominant arm within each group. Conclusion: Playing tennis during childhood is associated with reduced SATv in the abdominal region and a more favorable regional distribution of fat. Despite the large amount of contractile activity of the playing (dominant) arm, there was no indication of between-arms differences in SATv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Sanchis-Moysi
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan José González-Henríquez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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10
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Bruneau M, Walsh S, Selinsky E, Ash G, Angelopoulos TJ, Clarkson P, Gordon P, Moyna N, Visich P, Zoeller R, Thompson P, Gordish‐Dressman H, Hoffman E, Devaney J, Pescatello LS. A genetic variant in IL-15Rα correlates with physical activity among European-American adults. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:401-408. [PMID: 29624921 PMCID: PMC6014439 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine associated with muscle strength, possibly by attenuating protein breakdown. A variant in the alpha-receptor (IL-15Rα 1775 A>C, rs2228059) partially modulates the muscle strength and size response to resistance training. We examined if this polymorphism associated with habitual physical activity among European-American adults. METHODS Men (n = 240, 23.7 ± 0.3 year, body mass index [BMI] 25.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2 ) and women (n = 292, 23.2 ± 0.3 year, 24.0 ± 0.3 kg/m2 ) were genotyped. Physical activity phenotypes were derived from the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (ancova) tested log-transformed differences between the IL-15Rα genotype and physical activity phenotypes by gender with age and BMI as covariates. RESULTS Men with the IL-15Rα 1775AA genotype spent more time in light intensity physical activity (39.4 ± 2.4 hr/week) than men with the CC genotype (28.6 ± 2.3 hr/week, (p = .009). CONCLUSION Further research is needed to confirm our finding and determine the possible mechanisms by which the IL-15Rα variant modulates light intensity physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Walsh
- Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainCTUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Hoffman
- Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research GroupWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Linda S. Pescatello
- University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
- University of Connecticut Institute for Systems GenomicsStorrsCTUSA
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11
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Kordi R, Dehghani S, Noormohammadpour P, Rostami M, Mansournia MA. Effect of abdominal resistance exercise on abdominal subcutaneous fat of obese women: a randomized controlled trial using ultrasound imaging assessments. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2015; 38:203-9. [PMID: 25766455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diet and an abdominal resistance training program to diet alone on abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and waist circumference of overweight and obese women. METHODS This randomized clinical trial included 40 overweight and obese women randomly divided into 2 groups: diet only and diet combined with 12 weeks of abdominal resistance training. Waist and hip circumferences and abdominal skin folds of the subjects were measured at the beginning and 12 weeks after the interventions. In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness of the subjects was measured using ultrasonography. Percentage body fat and lean body mass of all the subjects were also measured using a bioelectric impedance device. RESULTS After 12 weeks of intervention, the weight of participants in both groups decreased; but the difference between the 2 groups was not significant (P = .45). Similarly, other variables including abdominal subcutaneous fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and skin fold thickness were reduced in both groups; but there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found that abdominal resistance training besides diet did not reduce abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness compared to diet alone in overweight or obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Kordi
- Associate Professor, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Dehghani
- Sports Medicine Specialist, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Assistant Professor, Sports Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rostami
- General Practitioner, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramírez-Campillo R, Andrade DC, Campos-Jara C, Henríquez-Olguín C, Alvarez-Lepín C, Izquierdo M. Regional fat changes induced by localized muscle endurance resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 27:2219-24. [PMID: 23222084 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31827e8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a localized muscle endurance resistance training program on total body and regional tissue composition. Seven men and 4 women (aged 23 ± 1 years) were trained with their nondominant leg during 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Each session consisted of 1 set of 960-1,200 repetitions (leg press exercise), at 10-30% 1 repetition maximum. Before and after training, body mass, bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), lean mass, fat mass, and fat percentage were determined by dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry. Energy intakes were registered using a food recall questionnaire. At the whole-body level, body mass, bone mass, BMD, lean mass, or body fat percentage were not significantly changed. However, body fat mass significantly decreased by 5.1% (preexercise: 13.5 ± 6.3 kg; postexercise: 12.8 ± 5.4 kg, p < 0.05). No significant changes in bone mass, lean mass, fat mass, or fat percentage were observed in both the control and trained leg. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in fat mass was observed in the upper extremities and trunk (10.2 and 6.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). The reduction of fat mass in the upper extremities and trunk was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the fat mass change observed in the trained leg but not in the control leg. No significant changes were observed in energy intake pre- and postexercise intervention (2,646 ± 444 kcal·d-1 and 2,677 ± 617 kcal·d-1, respectively). In conclusion, the training program was effective in reducing fat mass, but this reduction was not achieved in the trained body segment. The present results expand the limited knowledge available about the plastic heterogeneity of regional body tissues when a localized resistance training program is applied.
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Walsh S, Haddad CJ, Kostek MA, Angelopoulos TJ, Clarkson PM, Gordon PM, Moyna NM, Visich PS, Zoeller RF, Seip RL, Bilbie S, Thompson PD, Devaney J, Gordish-Dressman H, Hoffman EP, Price TB, Pescatello LS. Leptin and leptin receptor genetic variants associate with habitual physical activity and the arm body composition response to resistance training. Gene 2012; 510:66-70. [PMID: 22975643 PMCID: PMC3500611 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the influence of Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) SNPs on habitual physical activity (PA) and body composition response to a unilateral, upper body resistance training (RT) program. METHODS European-derived American volunteers (men=111, women=131, 23.4 ± 5.4 yr, 24.4 ± 4.6 kg·m(-2)) were genotyped for LEP 19 G>A (rs2167270), and LEPR 326 A>G (rs1137100), 668 A>G (rs1137101), 3057 G>A (rs1805096), and 1968 G>C (rs8179183). They completed the Paffenbarger PA Questionnaire. Arm muscle and subcutaneous fat volumes were measured before and after 12 wk of supervised RT with MRI. Multivariate and repeated measures ANCOVA tested differences among phenotypes by genotype and gender with age and body mass index as covariates. RESULTS Adults with the LEP 19 GG genotype reported more kcal/wk in vigorous intensity PA (1273.3 ± 176.8, p=0.017) and sports/recreation (1922.8 ± 226.0, p<0.04) than A allele carriers (718.0 ± 147.2, 1328.6 ± 188.2, respectively). Those with the LEP 19 GG genotype spent more h/wk in light intensity PA (39.7 ± 1.6) than A allele carriers (35.0 ± 1.4, p=0.03). In response to RT, adults with the LEPR 668 G allele gained greater arm muscle volume (67,687.05 ± 3186.7 vs. 52,321.87 ± 5125.05 mm(3), p=0.01) and subcutaneous fat volume (10,599.89 ± 3683.57 vs. -5224.73 ± 5923.98 mm(3), p=0.02) than adults with the LEPR 668 AA genotype, respectively. CONCLUSION LEP19 G>A and LEPR 668 A>G associated with habitual PA and the body composition response to RT. These LEP and LEPR SNPs are located in coding exons likely influencing LEP and LEPR function. Further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and establish mechanisms for LEP and LEPR genotype and PA and body composition associations we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walsh
- Department of Physical Education and Human Performance, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA.
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14
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Can alternating lower body negative and positive pressure during exercise alter regional body fat distribution or skin appearance? Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1861-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Orkunoglu-Suer FE, Harmon BT, Gordish-Dressman H, Clarkson PM, Thompson PD, Angelopoulos TJ, Gordon PM, Hubal MJ, Moyna NM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Zoeller RF, Hoffman EP, Devaney JM. MC4R variant is associated with BMI but not response to resistance training in young females. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:662-6. [PMID: 20725061 PMCID: PMC4147947 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that identified eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI highlighted a possible neuronal influence on the development of obesity. We hypothesized these SNPs would govern the response of BMI and subcutaneous fat to resistance training in young individuals (age = 24 years). We genotyped the eight GWAS-identified SNPs in the article by Willer et al. in a cohort (n = 796) that undertook a 12-week resistance-training program. Females with a copy of the rare allele (C) for rs17782313 (MC4R) had significantly higher BMIs ( CC/CT n = 174; 24.70 ± 0.33 kg/m², TT: n = 278; 23.41 ± 0.26 kg/m², P = 0.002), and the SNP explained 1.9% of overall variation in BMI. Males with a copy of the rare allele (T) for rs6548238 (TMEM18) had lower amounts of subcutaneous fat pretraining (CT/TT: n = 65; 156,534 ± 7,415 mm³, CC: n = 136; 177,825 ± 5,139 mm³, P = 0.019) and males with a copy of the rare allele (A) for rs9939609 (FTO) lost a significant amount of subcutaneous fat with exercise ( AT/AA n = 83; -798.35 ± 2,624.30 mm³, TT: n = 47; 9,435.23 ± 3,494.44 mm³, P = 0.021). Females with a copy of the G allele for a missense variant in the SH2B1 (rs7498665) was associated with less change of subcutaneous fat volume with exercise ( AG/GG n = 191; 9,813 ± 2,250 mm³ vs. AA: n = 126; 770 ± 2,772 mm³; P = 0.011). These data support the original finding that there is an association between measures of obesity and a variant near the MC4R gene and extends these results to a younger population and implicates FTO, TMEM18, and SH2B1 polymorphisms in subcutaneous fat regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda E. Orkunoglu-Suer
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brennan T Harmon
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Paul D. Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore J. Angelopoulos
- Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Gordon
- Laboratory for Physical Activity and Exercise Intervention Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Monica J. Hubal
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Niall M. Moyna
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda S. Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul S. Visich
- Human Performance Laboratory, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert F. Zoeller
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph M. Devaney
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Hanson ED, Srivatsan SR, Agrawal S, Menon KS, Delmonico MJ, Wang MQ, Hurley BF. Effects of strength training on physical function: influence of power, strength, and body composition. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 23:2627-37. [PMID: 19910811 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b2297b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the effects of strength training (ST) on physical function and (b) the influence of strength, power, muscle volume (MV), and body composition on physical function. Healthy, inactive adults (n = 50) aged 65 years and older underwent strength, power, total body composition (% fat and fat free mass [FFM]), and physical function testing before and after 22 weeks of ST. Physical function testing consisted of tasks designed to mimic common physical activities of daily living (ADL). To improve internal validity of the assessment of mid-thigh intermuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, and knee extensors MV, a 10-week unilateral ST program using the untrained leg as an internal control preceded 12 weeks of whole-body ST. Strength, power, and FFM increased significantly with ST (all p < 0.05), whereas rapid walk, 5 chair stands, and get up and go time decreased significantly with ST in the overall group (all p < 0.05). Women improved significantly in both walking test times (both p < 0.05) but not in the stair climb test, whereas men improved in the stair climb test (p < 0.05) but not in walking test times. Multiple regression analysis revealed the highest R (0.28) for the change in chair stands time, followed by stair climb and usual walk at 0.27 and 0.21, respectively. ST improves performance in functional tasks important for ADLs. Changes in strength, power, and FFM are predictors of ST-induced improvements in these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Hanson
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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17
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Orkunoglu-Suer FE, Gordish-Dressman H, Clarkson PM, Thompson PD, Angelopoulos TJ, Gordon PM, Moyna NM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Zoeller RF, Harmon B, Seip RL, Hoffman EP, Devaney JM. INSIG2 gene polymorphism is associated with increased subcutaneous fat in women and poor response to resistance training in men. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:117. [PMID: 19105843 PMCID: PMC2646703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background A common SNP upstream of the INSIG2 gene, rs7566605 (g.-10,1025G>C, Chr2:118,552,255, NT_022135.15), was reported to be associated with obesity (Body Mass Index, [BMI]) in a genome-wide association scan using the Framingham Heart Study but has not been reproduced in other cohorts. As BMI is a relatively insensitive measure of adiposity that is subject to many confounding variables, we sought to determine the relationship between the INSIG2 SNP and subcutaneous fat volumes measured by MRI in a young adult population. Methods We genotyped the INSIG2 SNP rs7566605 in college-aged population enrolled in a controlled resistance-training program, (the Functional Polymorphism Associated with Human Muscle Size and Strength, FAMuSS cohort, n = 752 volunteers 18–40 yrs). In this longitudinal study, we examined the effect of the INSIG2 polymorphism on subcutaneous fat and muscle volumes of the upper arm measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after 12 wks of resistance training. Gene/phenotype associations were tested using an analysis of covariance model with age and weight as covariates. Further, the % variation in each phenotype attributable to genotype was determined using hierarchical models and tested with a likelihood ratio test. Results Women with a copy of the C allele had higher levels of baseline subcutaneous fat (GG: n = 139; 243473 ± 5713 mm3 vs. GC/CC: n = 181; 268521 ± 5003 mm3; p = 0.0011); but men did not show any such association. Men homozygous for the G ancestral allele showed a loss of subcutaneous fat, while those with one or two copies of the C allele gained a greater percentage of subcutaneous fat with resistance training (GG: n = 103; 1.02% ± 1.74% vs. GC/CC: n = 93; 6.39% ± 1.82%; p = 0.035). Conclusion Our results show that the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism underlies variation in subcutaneous adiposity in young adult women and suppresses the positive effects of resistance training on men. This supports and extends the original finding that there is an association between measures of obesity and INSIG2 rs7566605 and further implicates this polymorphism in fat regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda E Orkunoglu-Suer
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Walts CT, Hanson ED, Delmonico MJ, Yao L, Wang MQ, Hurley BF. Do sex or race differences influence strength training effects on muscle or fat? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40:669-76. [PMID: 18317378 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318161aa82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the influence of sex and race on the effects of strength training (ST) on thigh muscle volume (MV), midthigh subcutaneous fat (SCF), and intermuscular fat (IMF). METHODS One hundred eighty-one previously inactive healthy Caucasian (N = 117) and African American (N = 54) men (N = 82) and women (N = 99), aged 50-85 yr, underwent about 10 wk of unilateral knee extension ST. Ten subjects were neither Caucasian nor African American and were, therefore, not included in the race analysis. Quadriceps MV and midthigh SCF and IMF cross-sectional area were measured with computed tomography before and after ST. Sex and race comparisons were made with a 2 x 2 (sex by race) analysis of covariance. RESULTS Training-induced increases in absolute MV were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in men than in women, though both sex groups increased MV significantly with ST (P < 0.001), and the relative (%) increases were similar. There were significant increases in MV within race groups (P < 0.001), but no significant differences between races. There were no significant changes in SCF or IMF, whether sex and racial groups were separated or combined. In addition, there was no sex by race interaction for changes in MV, SCF, or IMF with ST. CONCLUSION Strength training does not alter subcutaneous or intermuscular fat, regardless of sex or racial differences. Although men exhibit a greater muscle hypertrophic response to strength training than do women, the difference is small. Race does not influence this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Walts
- Department of Public and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA
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