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Maaliki D, Jaffa AA, Nasser S, Sahebkar A, Eid AH. Adrenoceptor Desensitization: Current Understanding of Mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:358-387. [PMID: 38697858 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce a wide range of extracellular signals. They are key players in the majority of biologic functions including vision, olfaction, chemotaxis, and immunity. However, as essential as most of them are to body function and homeostasis, overactivation of GPCRs has been implicated in many pathologic diseases such as cancer, asthma, and heart failure (HF). Therefore, an important feature of G protein signaling systems is the ability to control GPCR responsiveness, and one key process to control overstimulation involves initiating receptor desensitization. A number of steps are appreciated in the desensitization process, including cell surface receptor phosphorylation, internalization, and downregulation. Rapid or short-term desensitization occurs within minutes and involves receptor phosphorylation via the action of intracellular protein kinases, the binding of β-arrestins, and the consequent uncoupling of GPCRs from their cognate heterotrimeric G proteins. On the other hand, long-term desensitization occurs over hours to days and involves receptor downregulation or a decrease in cell surface receptor protein level. Of the proteins involved in this biologic phenomenon, β-arrestins play a particularly significant role in both short- and long-term desensitization mechanisms. In addition, β-arrestins are involved in the phenomenon of biased agonism, where the biased ligand preferentially activates one of several downstream signaling pathways, leading to altered cellular responses. In this context, this review discusses the different patterns of desensitization of the α 1-, α 2- and the β adrenoceptors and highlights the role of β-arrestins in regulating physiologic responsiveness through desensitization and biased agonism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A sophisticated network of proteins orchestrates the molecular regulation of GPCR activity. Adrenoceptors are GPCRs that play vast roles in many physiological processes. Without tightly controlled desensitization of these receptors, homeostatic imbalance may ensue, thus precipitating various diseases. Here, we critically appraise the mechanisms implicated in adrenoceptor desensitization. A better understanding of these mechanisms helps identify new druggable targets within the GPCR desensitization machinery and opens exciting therapeutic fronts in the treatment of several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maaliki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (D.M.); School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (A.A.J.); Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom (S.N.); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Aneese A Jaffa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (D.M.); School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (A.A.J.); Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom (S.N.); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Suzanne Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (D.M.); School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (A.A.J.); Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom (S.N.); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (D.M.); School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (A.A.J.); Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom (S.N.); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (D.M.); School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (A.A.J.); Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom (S.N.); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (A.S.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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Wei X, Diarra S, Douchez A, Cunico Dallagnol JC, Hébert TE, Chatenet D, Lubell WD. Urotensin II Receptor Modulation with 1,3,4-Benzotriazepin-2-one Tetrapeptide Mimics. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14241-14262. [PMID: 37800680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II receptor (UT) modulators that differentiate the effects of the endogenous cyclic peptide ligands urotensin II (UII) and urotensin II-related peptide (URP) offer potential for dissecting their respective biological roles in disease etiology. Selective modulators of hUII and URP activities were obtained using 1,3,4-benzotriazepin-2-one mimics of a purported bioactive γ-turn conformation about the Bip-Lys-Tyr tripeptide sequence of urocontrin ([Bip4]URP). Considering an active β-turn conformer about the shared Phe-Trp-Lys-Tyr sequence of UII and URP, 8-substituted 1,3,4-benzotriazepin-2-ones were designed to mimic the Phe-Bip-Lys-Tyr tetrapeptide sequence of urocontrin, synthesized, and examined for biological activity. Subtle 5- and 8-position modifications resulted in biased signaling and selective modulation of hUII- or URP-induced vasoconstriction. For example, p-hydroxyphenethyl analogs 17b-d were strong Gα13 and βarr1 activators devoid of Gαq-mediated signaling. Tertiary amides 15d and 17d negatively modulated hUII-induced vasoconstriction without affecting URP-mediated responses. Benzotriazepinone carboxamides proved to be exceptional tools for elucidating the pharmacological complexity of UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Wei
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Sitan Diarra
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Antoine Douchez
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2V 0B3
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Juliana C Cunico Dallagnol
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade SirWilliam Osler, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade SirWilliam Osler, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2V 0B3
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Tompkins E, Mimic B, Penn RB, Pera T. The biased M3 mAChR ligand PD 102807 mediates qualitatively distinct signaling to regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105209. [PMID: 37660916 PMCID: PMC10520882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells attain a hypercontractile phenotype during obstructive airway diseases. We recently identified a biased M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) ligand, PD 102807, that induces GRK-/arrestin-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation to inhibit transforming growth factor-β-induced hypercontractile ASM phenotype. Conversely, the balanced mAChR agonist, methacholine (MCh), activates AMPK yet does not regulate ASM phenotype. In the current study, we demonstrate that PD 102807- and MCh-induced AMPK activation both depend on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinases (CaMKKs). However, MCh-induced AMPK activation is calcium-dependent and mediated by CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 isoforms. In contrast, PD 102807-induced signaling is calcium-independent and mediated by the atypical subtype protein kinase C-iota and the CaMKK1 (but not CaMKK2) isoform. Both MCh- and PD 102807-induced AMPK activation involve the AMPK α1 isoform. PD 102807-induced AMPK α1 (but not AMPK α2) isoform activation mediates inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in ASM cells, as demonstrated by increased Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) phosphorylation as well as inhibition of phospho-S6 protein and serum response element-luciferase activity. The mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin and the AMPK activator metformin both mimic the ability of PD 102807 to attenuate transforming growth factor-β-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression (a marker of hypercontractile ASM). These data indicate that PD 102807 transduces a signaling pathway (AMPK-mediated mTORC1 inhibition) qualitatively distinct from canonical M3 mAChR signaling to prevent pathogenic remodeling of ASM, thus demonstrating PD 102807 is a biased M3 mAChR ligand with therapeutic potential for the management of obstructive airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tompkins
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bogdana Mimic
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Bezati S, Boultadakis A, Ventoulis I, Polyzogopoulou E, Parissis JT. Optimal use of intravenous landiolol in acute cardiac care. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:855-866. [PMID: 37902562 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2277354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B-blockers are regarded as beneficial pharmacologic agents in cardiac care, but their role in the acute setting remains ambiguous. Increasing evidence supports the important role of landiolol in critical care, a highly cardioselective intravenous b-blocker with rapid onset of action and short elimination time. Among its most valuable properties, which may aid to overcome special reservations related to b-blocker therapy in the acute setting, landiolol has a potent negative chronotropic effect while at the same time it exhibits a mild negative inotropic effect. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion review aims to present basic pharmacologic aspects of landiolol and provide current clinical research focused on its efficacy and safety. EXPERT OPINION Landiolol is a valuable and safe pharmacologic agent in acute cardiac care. Japanese and European guidelines have incorporated its use for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmia in patients with cardiac dysfunction. Although emerging clinical trials have experimented its use in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous intervention and in patients with septic cardiomyopathy, more studies are needed in order to establish its value in such cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bezati
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Boultadakis
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Eftihia Polyzogopoulou
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John T Parissis
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Chodari L, Derafshpour L, Jafari A, Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Exercise may alleviate age-related spatial memory impairment by rescuing β-adrenergic receptor dysregulation via both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent mechanisms in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148250. [PMID: 36690167 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal-dependent memory abilities including spatial memory decline with age. Exercise improves memory decline in aging brain, but, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. Learning and memory are recently hypothesized to be mediated by a β-arrestin (βArr)-dependent β-adrenergic pathway. Hence, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of treadmill exercise on hippocampal expression of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs; members of the G protein-coupled receptor family), and βArrs as well as spatial learning and memory in aged male rats to determine whether β-AR/βArr pathway could be involved in age-related memory decline. A total of 24 young (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) male Wistar rats were divided into young control, aged sedentary, and aged + exercise (n = 8 for each). Western blot for β1- and β2-ARs as well as βArr1 and βArr2 was performed. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze. The results showed significant up-regulation of β1-ARs as well as significant down-regulation of β2-AR and βArrs (βArr1 and βArr2) in the hippocampus of aged rats. Spatial memory, but not spatial learning, was impaired in aging, and treadmill exercise improved it. Notably, the improvement in spatial memory was accompanied by amelioration of β-ARs dysregulation and increase in βArr2 levels after exercise. There was a negative association between the expression of βArr2 and β1-AR, but not β2-AR, such that an increase in βArr2 by exercise was associated with reduced β1-AR expression, suggesting βArr2 may contribute to posttranslational down-regulation of β1-ARs. These data suggest that both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent β-AR pathways may regulate spatial learning and memory in aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Schnaubelt S, Eibensteiner F, Oppenauer J, Tihanyi D, Neymayer M, Brock R, Kornfehl A, Veigl C, Al Jalali V, Anders S, Steinlechner B, Domanovits H, Sulzgruber P. Hemodynamic and Rhythmologic Effects of Push-Dose Landiolol in Critical Care-A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:134. [PMID: 37259286 PMCID: PMC9967759 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly β1-selective beta-blocker Landiolol is known to facilitate efficient and safe rate control in non-compensatory tachycardia or dysrhythmia when administered continuously. However, efficacy and safety data of the also-available bolus formulation in critically ill patients are scarce. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on a real-life cohort of critical care patients, who had been treated with push-dose Landiolol due to sudden-onset non-compensatory supraventricular tachycardia. Continuous hemodynamic data had been acquired via invasive blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS Thirty patients and 49 bolus applications were analyzed. Successful heart rate control was accomplished in 20 (41%) cases, rhythm control was achieved in 13 (27%) episodes, and 16 (33%) applications showed no effect. Overall, the heart rate was significantly lower (145 (130-150) vs. 105 (100-125) bpm, p < 0.001) in a 90 min post-application observational period in all subgroups. The median changes in blood pressure after the bolus application did not reach clinical significance. Compared with the ventilation settings before the bolus application, the respiratory settings including the required FiO2 after the bolus application did not differ significantly. No serious adverse events were seen. CONCLUSIONS Push-dose Landiolol was safe and effective in critically ill ICU patients. No clinically relevant impact on blood pressure was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schnaubelt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Eibensteiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Oppenauer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tihanyi
- Department of Pulmonology, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Neymayer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Brock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Kornfehl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Veigl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Al Jalali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Anders
- Department of Pulmonology, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Steinlechner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Cate Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Domanovits
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tompkins E, Mimic B, Cuevas-Mora K, Schorsch H, Shah SD, Deshpande DA, Benovic JL, Penn RB, Pera T. PD 102807 Induces M3 mAChR-Dependent GRK-/Arrestin-Biased Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:550-561. [PMID: 35944139 PMCID: PMC9651198 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0320oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only are turned on or off to control canonical G protein signaling but also may be fine-tuned to promote qualitative/biased signaling. Qualitative signaling by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) has been proposed, but its impact on physiologic systems remains unclear, and currently no biased M3 mAChR ligands have been described. Herein, we identify PD 102807 as a biased M3 ligand and delineate its signaling and function in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. PD 102807 induced M3-mediated β-arrestin recruitment but not calcium mobilization. PD 102807 inhibited methacholine (MCh)-induced calcium mobilization in (M3-expressing) ASM cells. PD 102807 induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream effector acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC). PD 102807- induced phosphorylated (p)-AMPK levels were greatly reduced in ASM cells with minimal M3 expression and were not inhibited by the Gq inhibitor YM-254890. Induction of p-AMPK and p-ACC was inhibited by β-arrestin 1 or GRK2/3 knockdown. Similarly, MCh induced phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC, but these effects were Gq dependent and unaffected by GRK2/3 knockdown. Consistent with the known ability of AMPK to inhibit transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mediated functions, PD 102807 inhibited TGF-β-induced SMAD-Luc activity, sm-α-actin expression, actin stress fiber formation, and ASM cell hypercontractility. These findings reveal that PD 102807 is a biased M3 ligand that inhibits M3-transduced Gq signaling but promotes Gq protein-independent, GRK-/arrestin-dependent, M3-mediated AMPK signaling, which in turn regulates ASM phenotype and contractile function. Consequently, biased M3 ligands hold significant promise as therapeutic agents capable of exploiting the pleiotropic nature of M3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tompkins
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Bogdana Mimic
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Karina Cuevas-Mora
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Hannah Schorsch
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sushrut D. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Chen H, Zhang S, Hou R, Liu H. Gi-protein-coupled β 1-adrenergic receptor: re-understanding the selectivity of β 1-adrenergic receptor to G protein. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1043-1048. [PMID: 35959878 PMCID: PMC9828293 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β 1-adrenergic receptor (β 1-AR), a member in the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is a transmembrane receptor of great significance in the heart. Physiologically, catecholamines activate β 1-AR to initiate a positive chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic change. It is believed that β 1-AR couples to Gs protein and transmits the signal through second messenger cAMP. However, increasing research shows that β 1-AR can also bind with Gi protein in addition to Gs. When β 1-AR-Gi is biasedly activated, cardioprotective effects are introduced by the activated cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway and the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. The discovery of β 1-AR-Gi signaling makes us reconsider the selectivity of G protein with regard to β 1-AR, which also provides new ideas for the treatment of heart diseases. This review summarizes the discovery of β 1-AR-Gi pathway, including the evidence that supports β 1-AR's capability to couple Gi, details of the transduction process and functions of the β 1-AR-Gi signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Ruiqi Hou
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
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Lee SH, Jeong YJ, Park J, Kim HY, Son Y, Kim KS, Lee HJ. Low-Dose Radiation Affects Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Altering Gene Expression under Normal and Diabetic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158577. [PMID: 35955709 PMCID: PMC9369411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High doses of ionizing radiation can cause cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, the effects of <100 mGy radiation on CVD remain underreported. Endothelial cells (ECs) play major roles in cardiovascular health and disease, and their function is reduced by stimuli such as chronic disease, metabolic disorders, and smoking. However, whether exposure to low-dose radiation results in the disruption of similar molecular mechanisms in ECs under diabetic and non-diabetic states remains largely unknown; we aimed to address this gap in knowledge through the molecular and functional characterization of primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) derived from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D-HAECs) and normal HAECs in response to low-dose radiation. To address these limitations, we performed RNA sequencing on HAECs and T2D-HAECs following exposure to 100 mGy of ionizing radiation and examined the transcriptome changes associated with the low-dose radiation. Compared with that in the non-irradiation group, low-dose irradiation induced 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (133 down-regulated and 110 up-regulated) in HAECs and 378 DEGs (195 down-regulated and 183 up-regulated) in T2D-HAECs. We also discovered a significant association between the DEGs and the interferon (IFN)-I signaling pathway, which is associated with CVD by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, protein−protein network analysis, and module analysis. Our findings demonstrate the potential impact of low-dose radiation on EC functions that are related to the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Lee
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ye Ji Jeong
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.K.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-970-1638 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-2-970-1985 (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.J.); (J.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.K.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-970-1638 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-2-970-1985 (H.-J.L.)
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10
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CXCR7 ameliorates myocardial infarction as a β-arrestin-biased receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3426. [PMID: 33564089 PMCID: PMC7873251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) are G protein-coupled receptors; however, some 7TMRs evoke intracellular signals through β-arrestin as a biased receptor. As several β-arrestin-biased agonists have been reported to be cardioprotective, we examined the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 as a β-arrestin-biased receptor in the heart. Among 510 7TMR genes examined, Cxcr7 was the most abundantly expressed in the murine heart. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Cxcr7 was abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Cardiomyocyte-specific Cxcr7 null mice showed more prominent cardiac dilatation and dysfunction than control mice 4 weeks after myocardial infarction. In contrast, there was no difference in cardiac phenotypes between fibroblast-specific Cxcr7-knockout mice and control mice even after myocardial infarction. TC14012, a specific agonist of CXCR7, significantly recruited β-arrestin to CXCR7 in CXCR7-expressing cells and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cxcr7 expression was significantly increased and ERK was activated in the border zone of the heart in control, but not Cxcr7 null mice. These results indicate that the abundantly expressed CXCR7 in cardiomyocytes may play a protective role in the heart as a β-arrestin-biased receptor and that CXCR7 may be a novel therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.
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11
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Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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12
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Shimoda K, Nishimura A, Sunggip C, Ito T, Nishiyama K, Kato Y, Tanaka T, Tozaki-Saitoh H, Tsuda M, Nishida M. Modulation of P2Y 6R expression exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13926. [PMID: 32811872 PMCID: PMC7434875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue remodeling caused by hemodynamic overload is a major clinical outcome of heart failure. Uridine-responsive purinergic P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) contributes to the progression of cardiovascular remodeling in rodents, but it is not known whether inhibition of P2Y6R prevents or promotes heart failure. We demonstrate that inhibition of P2Y6R promotes pressure overload-induced sudden death and heart failure in mice. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, knockdown of P2Y6R significantly attenuated hypertrophic growth and cell death caused by hypotonic stimulation, indicating the involvement of P2Y6R in mechanical stress-induced myocardial dysfunction. Unexpectedly, compared with wild-type mice, deletion of P2Y6R promoted pressure overload-induced sudden death, as well as cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of P2Y6R also exhibited cardiac dysfunction and severe fibrosis. In contrast, P2Y6R deletion had little impact on oxidative stress-mediated cardiac dysfunction induced by doxorubicin treatment. These findings provide overwhelming evidence that systemic inhibition of P2Y6R exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice, although P2Y6R in cardiomyocytes contributes to the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Shimoda
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Caroline Sunggip
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tomoya Ito
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan. .,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.
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13
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Man KNM, Navedo MF, Horne MC, Hell JW. β 2 Adrenergic Receptor Complexes with the L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Ca V1.2 and AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors: Paradigms for Pharmacological Targeting of Protein Interactions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:155-174. [PMID: 31561738 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formation of signaling complexes is crucial for the orchestration of fast, efficient, and specific signal transduction. Pharmacological disruption of defined signaling complexes has the potential for specific intervention in selected regulatory pathways without affecting organism-wide disruption of parallel pathways. Signaling by epinephrine and norepinephrine through α and β adrenergic receptors acts on many signaling pathways in many cell types. Here, we initially provide an overview of the signaling complexes formed between the paradigmatic β2 adrenergic receptor and two of its most important targets, the L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 and the AMPA-type glutamate receptor. Importantly, both complexes contain the trimeric Gs protein, adenylyl cyclase, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA. We then discuss the functional implications of the formation of these complexes, how those complexes can be specifically disrupted, and how such disruption could be utilized in the pharmacological treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Nok Mimi Man
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
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14
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Philip JL, Xu X, Han M, Akhter SA, Razzaque MA. Regulation of cardiac fibroblast-mediated maladaptive ventricular remodeling by β-arrestins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219011. [PMID: 31269046 PMCID: PMC6609028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a critical role in post-infarction remodeling which can ultimately lead to pathological fibrosis and heart failure. Recent evidence demonstrates that remote (non-infarct) territory fibrosis is a major mechanism for ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. β-arrestins are important signaling molecules involved in β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) desensitization and can also mediate signaling in a G protein independent fashion. Recent work has provided evidence that β-arrestin signaling in the heart may be beneficial, however, these studies have primarily focused on cardiac myocytes and their role in adult CF biology has not been well studied. In this study, we show that β-arrestins can regulate CF biology and contribute to pathological fibrosis. Adult male rats underwent LAD ligation to induce infarction and were studied by echocardiography. There was a significant decline in LV function at 2–12 weeks post-MI with increased infarct and remote territory fibrosis by histology consistent with maladaptive remodeling. Collagen synthesis was upregulated 2.9-fold in CF isolated at 8 and 12 weeks post-MI and β-arrestin expression was significantly increased. β-adrenergic signaling was uncoupled in the post-MI CF and β-agonist-mediated inhibition of collagen synthesis was lost. Knockdown of β-arrestin1 or 2 in the post-MI CF inhibited transformation to myofibroblasts as well as basal and TGF-β-stimulated collagen synthesis. These data suggest that β-arrestins can regulate CF biology and that targeted inhibition of these signaling molecules may represent a novel approach to prevent post-infarction pathological fibrosis and the transition to HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Philip
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xianyao Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shahab A. Akhter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Md Abdur Razzaque
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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ERK: A Key Player in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092164. [PMID: 31052420 PMCID: PMC6539093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive and compensatory mechanism preserving cardiac output during detrimental stimuli. Nevertheless, long-term stimuli incite chronic hypertrophy and may lead to heart failure. In this review, we analyze the recent literature regarding the role of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity in cardiac hypertrophy. ERK signaling produces beneficial effects during the early phase of chronic pressure overload in response to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and integrin stimulation. These functions comprise (i) adaptive concentric hypertrophy and (ii) cell death prevention. On the other hand, ERK participates in maladaptive hypertrophy during hypertension and chemotherapy-mediated cardiac side effects. Specific ERK-associated scaffold proteins are implicated in either cardioprotective or detrimental hypertrophic functions. Interestingly, ERK phosphorylated at threonine 188 and activated ERK5 (the big MAPK 1) are associated with pathological forms of hypertrophy. Finally, we examine the connection between ERK activation and hypertrophy in (i) transgenic mice overexpressing constitutively activated RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases), (ii) animal models with mutated sarcomeric proteins characteristic of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (HCMs), and (iii) mice reproducing syndromic genetic RASopathies. Overall, the scientific literature suggests that during cardiac hypertrophy, ERK could be a “good” player to be stimulated or a “bad” actor to be mitigated, depending on the pathophysiological context.
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16
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Abstract
The identification of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has led to the discovery of a growing family of ligands and receptors. CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) and CRHR2 are mammalian G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with high affinity for CRH and the CRH family of peptides. CRHR1 is predominantly expressed in the brain and plays a vital role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses by secreting adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH). CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3´,5´-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Gαs activation in mice and humans. Central administration of the CRH family of peptides increases mean arterial pressure through CRHR1 activation, whereas peripheral administration of the peptides decreases mean arterial pressure through CRHR2 activation. These observations have led to further investigations of CRHR2 as an important and unique GPCR in the physiological and pathological functioning of the cardiovascular (CV) system. Moreover, recent clinical trials demonstrate CRHR2 as a potentially therapeutic target in the treatment of heart failure. We present recent reviews of the role of CRHRs in basic CV physiology and in the pathophysiology of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine
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17
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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18
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de Lucia C, Eguchi A, Koch WJ. New Insights in Cardiac β-Adrenergic Signaling During Heart Failure and Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 30147654 PMCID: PMC6095970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Pharmacology – Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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19
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Wang J, Song Y, Li H, Shen Q, Shen J, An X, Wu J, Zhang J, Wu Y, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Exacerbated cardiac fibrosis induced by β-adrenergic activation in old mice due to decreased AMPK activity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1029-1037. [PMID: 27389807 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Senescent hearts exhibit defective responses to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) over-activation upon stress, leading to more severe pathological cardiac remodelling. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in protecting against ageing-associated cardiac remodelling in mice upon β-AR over-activation. 10-week-old (young) and 18-month-old (old) mice were subcutaneously injected with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 5 mg/kg). More extensive cardiac fibrosis was found in old mice upon ISO exposure than in young mice. Meanwhile, ISO treatment decreased AMPK activity and increased β-arrestin 1, but not β-arrestin 2, expression, and the effects of ISO on AMPK and β-arrestin 1 were greater in old mice than in young mice. Similarly, young AMPKα2-knockout (KO) mice showed more extensive cardiac fibrosis upon ISO exposure than that was observed in age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates. The extent of cardiac fibrosis in WT old mice was similar to that in young KO mice. Additionally, AMPK activities were decreased and β-arrestin 1 expression increased in KO mice. In contrast, the AMPK activator metformin decreased β-arrestin 1 expression and attenuated cardiac fibrosis in both young and old mice upon ISO exposure. In conclusion, more severe cardiac fibrosis is induced by ISO in old mice than in young mice. A decrease in AMPK activity, which further increases β-arrestin 1 expression, is the central mechanism underlying the ageing-related cardiac fibrosis induced by ISO. The AMPK activator metformin is a promising therapeutic agent for treating ageing-related cardiac remodelling upon β-AR over-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshu Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.
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20
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Zhang J, Xiao H, Shen J, Wang N, Zhang Y. Different roles of β-arrestin and the PKA pathway in mitochondrial ROS production induced by acute β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:393-398. [PMID: 28552530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes mediated by β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in cardiomyocytes. However, the sources and signaling pathways involved in ROS production induced by acute β-AR activation have not yet been fully defined. In primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs), the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) induced a rapid increase in mitochondrial ROS and total ROS production. Both the expression and activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2/4 (NOX 2/4) remained unchanged after 2 h of ISO treatment, suggesting that acute ISO stimulation mainly induces mitochondrial ROS production in NMCMs. Knockdown of β-arrestin1, but not β-arrestin2, inhibited ISO-induced mitochondrial ROS production within 1-2 h after ISO treatment. Moreover, forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator, rapidly increased mitochondrial ROS as early as 15 min after ISO treatment. Inhibition of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway abolished the mitochondrial ROS production within 15-60 min after ISO treatment. In conclusion, mitochondria are the major source of ROS production upon acute ISO stimulation. β-arrestin1, but not β-arrestin2, is involved in ISO-induced mitochondrial ROS production. Upon acute β-AR stimulation in NMCMs, the classical cAMP/PKA pathway is responsible for faster mitochondrial ROS production, whereas β-arrestin1 signaling is responsible for slower mitochondrial ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xuyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, No. 49 Huanyuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, No. 49 Huanyuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xuyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xuyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China; Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, No. 49 Huanyuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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21
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Hinz L, Ahles A, Ruprecht B, Küster B, Engelhardt S. Two serines in the distal C-terminus of the human ß1-adrenoceptor determine ß-arrestin2 recruitment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176450. [PMID: 28472170 PMCID: PMC5417508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) undergo phosphorylation at several intracellular residues by G protein-coupled receptor kinases. The resulting phosphorylation pattern triggers arrestin recruitment and receptor desensitization. The exact sites of phosphorylation and their function remained largely unknown for the human β1-adrenoceptor (ADRB1), a key GPCR in adrenergic signal transduction and the target of widely used drugs such as β-blockers. The present study aimed to identify the intracellular phosphorylation sites in the ADRB1 and to delineate their function. The human ADRB1 was expressed in HEK293 cells and its phosphorylation pattern was determined by mass spectrometric analysis before and after stimulation with a receptor agonist. We identified a total of eight phosphorylation sites in the receptor's third intracellular loop and C-terminus. Analyzing the functional relevance of individual sites using phosphosite-deficient receptor mutants we found phosphorylation of the ADRB1 at Ser461/Ser462 in the distal part of the C-terminus to determine β-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor internalization. Our data reveal the phosphorylation pattern of the human ADRB1 and the site that mediates recruitment of β-arrestin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ahles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (AA); (SE)
| | - Benjamin Ruprecht
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Center for Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Küster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Center for Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (AA); (SE)
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Sakai M, Suzuki T, Tomita K, Yamashita S, Palikhe S, Hattori K, Yoshimura N, Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Diminished responsiveness to dobutamine as an inotrope in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis: attribution to phosphodiesterase 4 upregulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1224-H1237. [PMID: 28455289 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00828.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dobutamine has been used in septic shock for many years as an only inotrope, but its benefit has been questioned. We weighed the effects of dobutamine and milrinone as inotropes in mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. CLP-induced septic mice exhibited significant cardiac inflammation, as indicated by greatly increased mRNAs of proinflammatory cytokines and robust infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ventricular myocardium. Elevations of plasma cardiac troponin-I showed cardiac injury in CLP mice. Noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function revealed that despite preserved left ventricular function in the presence of fluid replacement, the dobutamine inotropic response was significantly impaired in CLP mice compared with sham-operated controls. By contrast, milrinone exerted inotropic effects in sham-operated and CLP mice in an equally effective manner. Surface expression levels of β1-adrenoceptors and α-subunits of three main G protein families in the myocardium were unaffected by CLP-induced sepsis. Plasma cAMP levels were significantly elevated in both sham-operated and CLP mice in response to milrinone but only in sham-operated controls in response to dobutamine. Of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms, PDE4D, but not PDE3A, both of which are responsible for cardiac cAMP hydrolysis, was significantly upregulated in CLP mouse myocardium. We define a novel mechanism for the impaired responsiveness to dobutamine as an inotrope in sepsis, and understanding the role of PDE4D in modulating cardiac functional responsiveness in sepsis may open the potential of a PDE4D-targeted therapeutic option in septic patients with low cardiac output who have a need for inotropic support.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Advisability of the usefulness of dobutamine in septic shock management is limited. Here, we reveal that the effect of dobutamine as a positive inotrope is impaired in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis without changes in cardiac β1-adrenoceptor signaling as a result of cAMP breakdown achieved by upregulated phosphodiesterase 4D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sailesh Palikhe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan;
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Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, patients with heart failure (HF) continue to experience unacceptably high rates of hospitalization and death, as well as poor quality of life. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for new treatments that can improve the clinical course of the growing worldwide population of HF patients. Serelaxin and ularatide, both based on naturally occurring peptides, have potent vasodilatory as well as other effects on the heart and kidneys. For both agents, phase 3 studies that are designed to determine whether they improve outcomes in patients with acute HF have completed enrollment. TRV027, a biased ligand for the type 1 angiotensin receptor with effects that extend beyond traditional angiotensin-receptor blockers is also being studied in the acute HF population. Omecamtiv mecarbil, an inotropic agent that improves myocardial contractility by a novel mechanism, and vericiguat, a drug that stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, are both being developed to treat patients with chronic HF. Finally, despite the negative results of the CUPID study, gene transfer therapy continues to be explored as a means of improving the function of the failing heart. The basis for the use of these drugs and their current status in clinical trials are discussed. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1882-1891).
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β-arrestin-biased signaling through the β2-adrenergic receptor promotes cardiomyocyte contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4107-16. [PMID: 27354517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606267113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are critical regulators of acute cardiovascular physiology. In response to elevated catecholamine stimulation during development of congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic activation of Gs-dependent β1AR and Gi-dependent β2AR pathways leads to enhanced cardiomyocyte death, reduced β1AR expression, and decreased inotropic reserve. β-blockers act to block excessive catecholamine stimulation of βARs to decrease cellular apoptotic signaling and normalize β1AR expression and inotropy. Whereas these actions reduce cardiac remodeling and mortality outcomes, the effects are not sustained. Converse to G-protein-dependent signaling, β-arrestin-dependent signaling promotes cardiomyocyte survival. Given that β2AR expression is unaltered in CHF, a β-arrestin-biased agonist that operates through the β2AR represents a potentially useful therapeutic approach. Carvedilol, a currently prescribed nonselective β-blocker, has been classified as a β-arrestin-biased agonist that can inhibit basal signaling from βARs and also stimulate cell survival signaling pathways. To understand the relative contribution of β-arrestin bias to the efficacy of select β-blockers, a specific β-arrestin-biased pepducin for the β2AR, intracellular loop (ICL)1-9, was used to decouple β-arrestin-biased signaling from occupation of the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket. With similar efficacy to carvedilol, ICL1-9 was able to promote β2AR phosphorylation, β-arrestin recruitment, β2AR internalization, and β-arrestin-biased signaling. Interestingly, ICL1-9 was also able to induce β2AR- and β-arrestin-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent contractility in primary adult murine cardiomyocytes, whereas carvedilol had no efficacy. Thus, ICL1-9 is an effective tool to access a pharmacological profile stimulating cardioprotective signaling and inotropic effects through the β2AR and serves as a model for the next generation of cardiovascular drug development.
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Cardiovascular Dysfunction Following Burn Injury: What We Have Learned from Rat and Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010053. [PMID: 26729111 PMCID: PMC4730298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn profoundly affects organs both proximal and distal to the actual burn site. Cardiovascular dysfunction is a well-documented phenomenon that increases morbidity and mortality following a massive thermal trauma. Beginning immediately post-burn, during the ebb phase, cardiac function is severely depressed. By 48 h post-injury, cardiac function rebounds and the post-burn myocardium becomes tachycardic and hyperinflammatory. While current clinical trials are investigating a variety of drugs targeted at reducing aspects of the post-burn hypermetabolic response such as heart rate and cardiac work, there is still a paucity of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms that induce cardiac dysfunction in the severely burned. There are many animal models of burn injury, from rodents, to sheep or swine, but the majority of burn related cardiovascular investigations have occurred in rat and mouse models. This literature review consolidates the data supporting the prevalent role that β-adrenergic receptors play in mediating post-burn cardiac dysfunction and the idea that pharmacological modulation of this receptor family is a viable therapeutic target for resolving burn-induced cardiac deficits.
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26
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Peitzman ER, Zaidman NA, Maniak PJ, O'Grady SM. Agonist binding to β-adrenergic receptors on human airway epithelial cells inhibits migration and wound repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C847-55. [PMID: 26491049 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00159.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human airway epithelial cells express β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), which regulate mucociliary clearance by stimulating transepithelial anion transport and ciliary beat frequency. Previous studies using airway epithelial cells showed that stimulation with isoproterenol increased cell migration and wound repair by a cAMP-dependent mechanism. In the present study, impedance-sensing arrays were used to measure cell migration and epithelial restitution following wounding of confluent normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and Calu-3 cells by electroporation. Stimulation with epinephrine or the β2-AR-selective agonist salbutamol significantly delayed wound closure and reduced the mean surface area of lamellipodia protruding into the wound. Treatment with the β-AR bias agonist carvedilol or isoetharine also produced a delay in epithelial restitution similar in magnitude to epinephrine and salbutamol. Measurements of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation following salbutamol or carvedilol stimulation showed no significant change in the level of phosphorylation compared with untreated control cells. However, inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity completely blocked the delay in wound closure produced by β-AR agonists. In Calu-3 cells, where CFTR expression was inhibited by RNAi, salbutamol did not inhibit wound repair, suggesting that β-AR agonist stimulation and loss of CFTR function share a common pathway leading to inhibition of epithelial repair. Confocal images of the basal membrane of Calu-3 cells labeled with anti-β1-integrin (clone HUTS-4) antibody showed that treatment with epinephrine or carvedilol reduced the level of activated integrin in the membrane. These findings suggest that treatment with β-AR agonists delays airway epithelial repair by a G protein- and cAMP-independent mechanism involving protein phosphatase 2A and a reduction in β1-integrin activation in the basal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan A Zaidman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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27
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Mollova MY, Katus HA, Backs J. Regulation of CaMKII signaling in cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:178. [PMID: 26379551 PMCID: PMC4548452 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death in the developed countries (Murray and Lopez, 1996; Koitabashi and Kass, 2012). Adverse cardiac remodeling that precedes heart muscle dysfunction is characterized by a myriad of molecular changes affecting the cardiomyocyte. Among these, alterations in protein kinase pathways play often an important mediator role since they link upstream pathologic stress signaling with downstream regulatory programs and thus affect both the structural and functional integrity of the heart muscle. In the context of cardiac disease, a profound understanding for the overriding mechanisms that regulate protein kinase activity (protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, or targeting via anchoring proteins) is crucial for the development of specific and effective pharmacological treatment strategies targeting the failing myocardium. In this review, we focus on several mechanisms of upstream regulation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II that play a relevant pathophysiological role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease; precise targeting of these mechanisms might therefore represent novel and promising tools for prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Y Mollova
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis posits that a G protein-coupled signaling pathway mediates β-adrenergic nervous system functions, including learning and memory. Here we report that memory retrieval (reactivation) induces the activation of β1-adrenergic β-arrestin signaling in the brain, which stimulates ERK signaling and protein synthesis, leading to postreactivation memory restabilization. β-Arrestin2-deficient mice exhibit impaired memory reconsolidation in object recognition, Morris water maze, and cocaine-conditioned place preference paradigms. Postreactivation blockade of both brain β-adrenergic Gs protein- and β-arrestin-dependent pathways disrupts memory reconsolidation. Unexpectedly, selective blockade of the Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling but not the β-arrestin/ERK signaling by the biased β-adrenergic ligands does not inhibit reconsolidation. Moreover, the expression of β-arrestin2 in the entorhinal cortex of β-arrestin 2-deficient mice rescues β1-adrenergic ERK signaling and reconsolidation in a G protein pathway-independent manner. We demonstrate that β-arrestin-biased signaling regulates memory reconsolidation and reveal the potential for β-arrestin-biased ligands in the treatment of memory-related disorders.
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29
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Scimia MC, Blass BE, Koch WJ. Apelin receptor: its responsiveness to stretch mechanisms and its potential for cardiovascular therapy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:733-41. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.911661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Tarone G, Sbroggiò M, Brancaccio M. Key role of ERK1/2 molecular scaffolds in heart pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4047-54. [PMID: 23532408 PMCID: PMC11114054 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cardiomyocytes to detect mechanical and humoral stimuli is critical for adaptation of the myocardium in response to new conditions and for sustaining the increased workload during stress. While certain stimuli mediate a beneficial adaptation to stress conditions, others result in maladaptive remodelling, ultimately leading to heart failure. Specific signalling pathways activating either adaptive or maladaptive cardiac remodelling have been identified. Paradoxically, however, in a number of cases, the transduction pathways involved in such opposing responses engage the same signalling proteins. A notable example is the Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway that can control both adaptive and maladaptive remodelling. ERK1/2 signalling requires a signalosome complex where a scaffold protein drives the assembly of these three kinases into a linear pathway to facilitate their sequential phosphorylation, ultimately targeting specific effector molecules. Interestingly, a number of different Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 scaffold proteins have been identified, and their role in determining the adaptive or maladaptive cardiac remodelling is a promising field of investigation for the development of therapeutic strategies capable of selectively potentiating the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy,
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31
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Segura V, Pérez-Aso M, Montó F, Carceller E, Noguera MA, Pediani J, Milligan G, McGrath IC, D’Ocon P. Differences in the signaling pathways of α(1A)- and α(1B)-adrenoceptors are related to different endosomal targeting. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64996. [PMID: 23717684 PMCID: PMC3663791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To compare the constitutive and agonist-dependent endosomal trafficking of α(1A)- and α(1B)-adrenoceptors (ARs) and to establish if the internalization pattern determines the signaling pathways of each subtype. METHODS Using CypHer5 technology and VSV-G epitope tagged α(1A)- and α(1B)-ARs stably and transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the constitutive and agonist-induced internalization of each subtype, and the temporal relationship between agonist induced internalization and the increase in intracellular calcium (determined by FLUO-3 flouorescence), or the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases (determined by Western blot). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Constitutive as well as agonist-induced trafficking of α(1A) and α(1B) ARs maintain two different endosomal pools of receptors: one located close to the plasma membrane and the other deeper into the cytosol. Each subtype exhibited specific characteristics of internalization and distribution between these pools that determines their signaling pathways: α(1A)-ARs, when located in the plasma membrane, signal through calcium and ERK1/2 pathways but, when translocated to deeper endosomes, through a mechanism sensitive to β-arrestin and concanavalin A, continue signaling through ERK1/2 and also activate the p38 pathway. α(1B)-ARs signal through calcium and ERK1/2 only when located in the membrane and the signals disappear after endocytosis and by disruption of the membrane lipid rafts by methyl-β-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Segura
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-Aso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fermí Montó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Carceller
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Antonia Noguera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - John Pediani
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Autonomic Physiology Unit, School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Christie McGrath
- Autonomic Physiology Unit, School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar D’Ocon
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Mohan ML, Vasudevan NT, Gupta MK, Martelli EE, Naga Prasad SV. G-protein coupled receptor resensitization-appreciating the balancing act of receptor function. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2012:CMP-EPUB-20120530-2. [PMID: 22697395 PMCID: PMC4607669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane receptors that are pivotal regulators of cellular responses including vision, cardiac contractility, olfaction, and platelet activation. GPCRs have been a major target for drug discovery due to their role in regulating a broad range of physiological and pathological responses. GPCRs mediate these responses through a cyclical process of receptor activation (initiation of downstream signals), desensitization (inactivation that results in diminution of downstream signals), and resensitization (receptor reactivation for next wave of activation). Although these steps may be of equal importance in regulating receptor function, significant advances have been made in understanding activation and desensitization with limited effort towards resensitization. Inadequate importance has been given to resensitization due to the understanding that resensitization is a homeostasis maintaining process and is not acutely regulated. Evidence indicates that resensitization is a critical step in regulating GPCR function and may contribute towards receptor signaling and cellular responses. In light of these observations, it is imperative to discuss resensitization as a dynamic and mechanistic regulator of GPCR function. In this review we discuss components regulating GPCR function like activation, desensitization, and internalization with special emphasis on resensitization. Although we have used β-adrenergic receptor as a proto-type GPCR to discuss mechanisms regulating receptor function, other GPCRs are also described to put forth a view point on the universality of such mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195.
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Gilsbach R, Preissl S, Hein L. [α -Adrenoceptors: three subtypes for a broad spectrum of activity]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2011; 40:462-468. [PMID: 22028129 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gilsbach
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br
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34
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Abstract
Drug discovery efforts targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) have been immensely successful in creating new cardiovascular medicines. Currently marketed GPCR drugs are broadly classified as either agonists that activate receptors or antagonists that prevent receptor activation by endogenous stimuli. However, GPCR couple to a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways beyond classical G-protein signals, and these signals can be independently activated by biased ligands to vastly expand the potential for new drugs at these classic targets. By selectively engaging only a subset of a receptor's potential intracellular partners, biased ligands may deliver more precise therapeutic benefit with fewer side effects than current GPCR-targeted drugs. In this review, we discuss the history of biased ligand research, the current understanding of how biased ligands exert their unique pharmacology, and how research into GPCR signaling has uncovered previously unappreciated capabilities of receptor pharmacology. We focus on several receptors to illustrate the approaches taken and discoveries made, and how these are steadily illuminating the intricacies of GPCR pharmacology. Discoveries of biased ligands targeting the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and of separable pharmacology suggesting the potential value of biased ligands targeting the β-adrenergic receptors and nicotinic acid receptor GPR109a highlight the powerful clinical promise of this new category of potential therapeutics.
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35
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Somvanshi RK, War SA, Chaudhari N, Qiu X, Kumar U. Receptor specific crosstalk and modulation of signaling upon heterodimerization between β1-adrenergic receptor and somatostatin receptor-5. Cell Signal 2011; 23:794-811. [PMID: 21238583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we describe heterodimerization, trafficking, coupling to adenylyl cyclase and signaling in HEK-293 cells cotransfected with human-somatostatin receptor 5 (hSSTR5) and β(1)-adrenergic receptor (β(1)AR). hSSTR5/β(1)AR exists as heterodimers in basal conditions which was further enhanced upon synergistic activation of both receptors. Activation of either β(1)AR or hSSTR5 displayed dissociation of heterodimerization. In cotransfectants, β(1)AR effect on cAMP was predominant; however, blocking β(1)AR with antagonist resulted in 60% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP in the presence of hSSTR5 agonists. cAMP/PKA pathway in cotransfected cells was regulated in receptor-specific manner, in contrast, the status of pERK1/2 and pPI3K/AKT was predominantly regulated by hSSTR5. The expression levels of phosphorylated NFAT remained unchanged indicating blockade of calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT, the process predominantly regulated by pJNK in SSTR5 dependent manner. Taken together, the functional consequences of results described here might have relevance in the cardiovascular system where SSTR and AR subtypes play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Somvanshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Zhou J, Lal H, Chen X, Shang X, Song J, Li Y, Kerkela R, Doble BW, MacAulay K, DeCaul M, Koch WJ, Farber J, Woodgett J, Gao E, Force T. GSK-3alpha directly regulates beta-adrenergic signaling and the response of the heart to hemodynamic stress in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2280-91. [PMID: 20516643 DOI: 10.1172/jci41407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) family of serine/threonine kinases consists of 2 highly related isoforms, alpha and beta. Although GSK-3beta has an important role in cardiac development, much remains unknown about the function of either GSK-3 isoform in the postnatal heart. Herein, we present what we believe to be the first studies defining the role of GSK-3alpha in the mouse heart using gene targeting. Gsk3a(-/-) mice over 2 months of age developed progressive cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Following thoracic aortic constriction in young mice, we observed enhanced hypertrophy that rapidly transitioned to ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. Surprisingly, markedly impaired beta-adrenergic responsiveness was found at both the organ and cellular level. This phenotype was reproduced by acute treatment of WT cardiomyocytes with a small molecule GSK-3 inhibitor, confirming that the response was not due to a chronic adaptation to LV dysfunction. Thus, GSK-3alpha appears to be the central regulator of a striking range of essential processes, including acute and direct positive regulation of beta-adrenergic responsiveness. In the absence of GSK-3alpha, the heart cannot respond effectively to hemodynamic stress and rapidly fails. Our findings identify what we believe to be a new paradigm of regulation of beta-adrenergic signaling and raise concerns given the rapid expansion of drug development targeting GSK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Zhou
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Shukla AK, Kim J, Ahn S, Xiao K, Shenoy SK, Liedtke W, Lefkowitz RJ. Arresting a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel: beta-arrestin 1 mediates ubiquitination and functional down-regulation of TRPV4. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30115-25. [PMID: 20650893 PMCID: PMC2943294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.141549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins, originally discovered to desensitize activated G protein-coupled receptors, (aka seven-transmembrane receptors, 7TMRs) also mediate 7TMR internalization and G protein-independent signaling via these receptors. More recently, several regulatory roles of β-arrestins for atypical 7TMRs and non-7TM receptors have emerged. Here, we uncover an entirely novel regulatory role of β-arrestins in cross-talk between the angiotensin receptor (AT1aR) and a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family, TRPV4. AT1aR and TRPV4 form a constitutive complex in the plasma membrane, and angiotensin stimulation leads to recruitment of β-arrestin 1 to this complex. Surprisingly, angiotensin stimulation results in ubiquitination of TRPV4, a process that requires β-arrestin 1, and subsequently to internalization and functional down-regulation of TRPV4. β-Arrestin 1 interacts with, and acts as an adaptor for AIP4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for TRPV4 ubiquitination. Thus, our data provide the first evidence of a functional link between β-arrestins and TRPV4 and uncovers an entirely novel mechanism to maintain appropriate intracellular Ca2+ concentration to avoid excessive Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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O'Dell TJ, Connor SA, Gelinas JN, Nguyen PV. Viagra for your synapses: Enhancement of hippocampal long-term potentiation by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Cell Signal 2010; 22:728-36. [PMID: 20043991 PMCID: PMC2826554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) critically modulate long-lasting synaptic plasticity and long-term memory storage in the mammalian brain. Synaptic plasticity is widely believed to mediate memory storage at the cellular level. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one type of synaptic plasticity that has been linked to memory storage. Activation of beta-ARs can enhance LTP and facilitate long-term memory storage. Interestingly, many of the molecular signaling pathways that are critical for beta-adrenergic modulation of LTP mirror those required for the persistence of memory. In this article, we review the roles of signaling cascades and translation regulation in enabling beta-ARs to control expression of long-lasting LTP in the rodent hippocampus. These include the cyclic-AMP/protein kinase-A (cAMP-PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascades, two key pathways known to link transmitter receptors with translation regulation. Future research directions are discussed, with emphasis on defining the roles of signaling complexes (e.g. PSD-95) and glutamatergic receptors in controlling the efficacy of beta-AR modulation of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. O'Dell
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Center for the Health Sciences, Box 951751, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA
| | - Steven A. Connor
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Peter V. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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Patel AR, Shaddy RE. Role of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:45-58. [PMID: 21799703 DOI: 10.2217/phe.09.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is becoming an increasingly common and significant problem in the field of pediatric cardiology. The numerous types of cardiomyopathies, and more recently, long-term survival of patients with congenital heart disease, have added to a growing patient population. Over the last several decades, our knowledge base regarding mechanisms of disease and therapeutic intervention in adult patients with heart failure has drastically changed. The most recent and important breakthrough in the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure has been the particular role of β-blocker therapy. This medication has led to significant improvements in survival and symptoms in adults, with less convincing findings in limited studies in pediatrics. The ability to study the benefits of this therapy in patients has been challenging owing to the heterogeneity of the patient population and lack of large sample sizes. However, as we investigate the mechanisms behind the disease process, the differences that exist between disease conditions and ages, and the significant alterations that may exist at the molecular and genetic level, our understanding of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure will improve, and ultimately may lead to patient-specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash R Patel
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Cardiology, 34th & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Tel.: +1 215 590 3548
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Ferrari R, Ceconi C, Campo G, Cangiano E, Cavazza C, Secchiero P, Tavazzi L. Mechanisms of remodelling: a question of life (stem cell production) and death (myocyte apoptosis). Circ J 2009; 73:1973-82. [PMID: 19822975 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling myocytes show a typical switch between the embryonic and classical features of apoptosis and/or hypertrophy representing a signal of death (ie, apoptosis) and a signal of life (ie, hypertrophy). The adult myocyte, however, is a terminal cell; usually it is unable to reproduce and death is not genetically programmed (apoptosis), but occurs by necrosis. The reinstatement of apoptosis and development of hypertrophy during remodeling could be part of the switch forward to the embryonic phenotype with reinstatement of the early embryonic genetic program. Hypertrophy and apoptosis are "sons" of the same "mother": the local, tissue neuroendocrine-neurohumoral response to a mechanical stretch of the myocytes consequent to the geometric changes imposed on the viable myocytes by the necrotic ones. As expected, the life and death cycle is very closely regulated by several autocrine systems, one of which is linked to the interleukin-6 family via a regulatory protein named GP-130. Activation of the GP-130 slows down the death signals, thus favoring hypertrophy and reducing fibrosis.
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Frishman WH, Henderson LS, Lukas MA. Controlled-release carvedilol in the management of systemic hypertension and myocardial dysfunction. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 4:1387-400. [PMID: 19337551 PMCID: PMC2663448 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Within the treatment armamentarium, beta-blockers have demonstrated efficacy across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease--from modification of a risk factor (ie, hypertension) to treatment after an acute event (ie, myocardial infarction). Recently, the use of beta-blockers as a first-line therapy in hypertension has been called into question. Moreover, beta-blockers as a class are saddled with a misperception of having poor tolerability. However, vasodilatory beta-blockers such as carvedilol have a different hemodynamic action that provides the benefits of beta-blockade with the addition of vasodilation resulting from alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blockade. Vasodilation reduces total peripheral resistance, which may produce an overall positive effect on tolerability. Recently, a new, controlled-release carvedilol formulation has been developed that provides the clinical efficacy of carvedilol but is indicated for once-daily dosing. This review presents an overview of the clinical and pharmacologic carvedilol controlled-release data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Frishman
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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